hsba201403256k35.htm
FORM 6-K
 
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
 
Washington, D.C. 20549
 
 
 
Report of Foreign Private Issuer
 
Pursuant to Rule 13a - 16 or 15d - 16 of
 
the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
 
 
 
For the month of March
HSBC Holdings plc
 
42nd Floor, 8 Canada Square, London E14 5HQ, England
 
 
 
(Indicate by check mark whether the registrant files or will file annual reports under cover of Form 20-F or Form 40-F).
 
Form 20-F   X              Form 40-F ......
 
(Indicate by check mark whether the registrant by furnishing the information contained in this Form is also thereby furnishing the information to the Commission pursuant to Rule 12g3-2(b) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934).
 
Yes.......          No    X
 
(If "Yes" is marked, indicate below the file number assigned to the registrant in connection with Rule 12g3-2(b): 82- ..............).
 
 

 
 
 
 

 

 
Liquidity and funding

 

 
 
Page
 
App1
 
Tables
Page
             
Liquidity and funding ................................
   
276
     
Primary sources of funding ............................
   
276
     
             
Liquidity and funding in 2013 ..................
214
         
Customer deposit markets ..............................
214
         
Wholesale funding market .............................
214
         
             
Liquidity regulation ..................................
215
         
             
Management of liquidity and funding risk ...................................................................
215
 
276
     
Inherent liquidity risk categorisation ..............
   
276
     
Core deposits .................................................
   
277
     
Advances to core funding ratio ......................
215
 
277
 
Advances to core funding ratios ...................................
215
Stressed coverage ratios .................................
215
 
277
 
Stressed one-month and three-month coverage ratios ..
216
Stressed scenario analysis ...............................
   
277
     
Liquid assets of HSBC's principal operating
entities .......................................................
216
 
278
 
Liquid assets of HSBC's principal entities .....................
217
Net contractual cash flows .............................
217
     
Net cash flows for inter-bank loans and intra-group deposits and reverse repo, repo and short positions ..
218
Wholesale debt monitoring ............................
   
279
     
Liquidity behaviouralisation ...........................
   
280
     
             
Contingent liquidity risk arising from
committed lending facilities .................
218
 
280
 
The Group's contractual undrawn exposures monitored under
the contingent liquidity risk limit structure ...............
219
             
Sources of funding .....................................
219
         
Repos and stock lending .................................
219
     
Funding sources and uses ............................................
221
Cross-border intra-Group and cross-currency liquidity and funding risk ............................
221
     
Wholesale funding cash flows payable by HSBC under financial liabilities by remaining contractual maturities .................................................................................
222
             
             
Encumbered and unencumbered assets ...
223
     
Summary of assets available to support potential future funding and collateral needs (on and off-balance sheet).................................................................................
223
The effect of active collateral management ...
224
         
Off-balance sheet collateral received and
pledged for reverse repo and stock
borrowing transactions ...............................
224
         
Off-balance sheet non-cash collateral received
and pledged for derivative transactions .......
224
         
Analysis of on-balance sheet encumbered and unencumbered assets ...................................
224
     
Analysis of on-balance sheet encumbered and
unencumbered assets ...............................................
225
Additional contractual obligations ..................
226
         
Additional information ..................................
227
         
             
Contractual maturity of financial liabilities .................................................
227
     
Cash flows payable by HSBC under financial liabilities
by remaining contractual maturities ........................
228
Management of cross-currency liquidity and funding risk ..........................................
   
280
     
             
HSBC Holdings ..........................................
229
 
281
 
Cash flows payable by HSBC Holdings under financial liabilities by remaining contractual maturities .........
229
             
             
1. Appendix to Risk - risk policies and practices.
           
 

 
 

Liquidity risk is the risk that the Group does not have sufficient financial resources to meet its obligations as they fall due, or will have to do so at an excessive cost. The risk arises from mismatches in the timing of cash flows.
 
There were no material changes to our policies and practices for the management of liquidity and funding risks in 2013.
 
 
A summary of our current policies and practices regarding liquidity and funding is provided in the Appendix to Risk on page 276.
 

Our liquidity and funding risk management framework
 
The objective of our liquidity framework is to allow us to withstand very severe liquidity stresses. It is designed to be adaptable to changing business models, markets and regulations.
 
Our liquidity and funding risk management framework requires:
 
 
·     liquidity to be managed by operating entities on a stand-alone basis with no implicit reliance on the Group or central banks;
 
·     all operating entities to comply with their limits for the advances to core funding ratio; and
 
·     all operating entities to maintain a positive stressed cash flow position out to three months under prescribed Group stress scenarios.

 
Liquidity and funding in 2013
(Unaudited)
 
The liquidity position of the Group strengthened in 2013, and we continued to enjoy strong inflows of customer deposits and maintained good access to wholesale markets. During 2013, customer accounts grew by 11% (US$143bn) while loans and advances to customers increased by 8% (US$83bn), leading to a small decrease in our advances to deposits ratio to 73% (2012: 74%).
 
HSBC UK recorded a decrease in its advances to core funding ('ACF') ratio to 100% at 31 December 2013 (2012: 106%) mainly because core deposits increased more than advances.
 
The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation recorded a decrease in its ACF ratio to 72% at 31 December 2013 (2012: 73%) mainly because core deposits increased more than advances.
 
HSBC USA recorded an increase in its ACF ratio to 85% at 31 December 2013 (2012: 78%). This increase was mainly because surplus core deposits were deployed into loans and advances to customers.
 
HSBC UK, The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation and HSBC USA are defined in footnotes 41 to 43 on pages 264 and 265. The ACF ratio is discussed on page 215.
 

Customer deposit markets
 
Customer accounts increased by 11% in 2013. After excluding repo balances, the year-on-year increase was 4% (US$50bn).
 
Retail Banking and Wealth Management
 
RBWM customer account balances grew by 3% with significant growth in our home markets partly offset by reductions in deposit balances in certain markets either due to surplus funding requirements or disposal of our operations.
 
Commercial Banking
 
Customer accounts rose by 5% in 2013, mainly from increases in Payments and Cash Management accounts. The growth in these customer accounts and the strong growth in payment volumes was evidence of the correlation between this funding source and the operational services that HSBC provides to the CMB customer base.
 
Global Banking and Markets
 
Customer accounts increased by 36% in 2013. After excluding repo balances with customers, GB&M deposits rose by 8% year on year, with the majority resulting from increases in Payments and Cash Management accounts.
 
Global Private Banking
 
GPB customer account balances decreased by 9% as we continued to reposition our business from offshore to domestic banking and refocus our client base towards higher net worth relationships. Outflows from the adoption of stricter compliance and tax transparency standards also contributed to the overall decline.
 
Wholesale funding markets
 
Conditions in the bank wholesale debt markets were generally positive in 2013, supported by strong investor demand and improvements in the economic outlook in developed markets, although there was some volatility caused by interest rate uncertainty. Subordinated debt issuance volumes increased as investor confidence grew and further regulatory clarity emerged. While there was some regional variation, the overall volume of term debt issued by banks globally decreased from previous years, primarily due to reduced issuance in the UK and Europe.
 
In 2013, we issued the equivalent of US$15.6bn (2012: US$10.5bn) of term debt securities in the public capital markets in a range of currencies and maturities from a number of Group entities.
 
Liquidity regulation
(Unaudited)
 
The European adoption of the Basel Committee framework via CRD IV was published in June 2013. They require the reporting of the liquidity coverage ratio ('LCR') and the net stable funding ratio ('NSFR') from March 2014. The regulatory LCR outlined in the regulation document has been initially set at 60% from January 2015, increasing to 100% by January 2018, although individual member states are able to set a higher standard. We expect the PRA to set an 80% LCR requirement from January 2015. During 2013, additional guidance was given on the definition of the LCR, much of which takes the form of an impact assessment and recommendations that have been submitted to the European Commission by the EBA. We expect these recommendations to be materially adopted by the Commission into the final LCR delegated act on 30 June 2014. Regarding the finalisation of the NSFR metric, in January 2014 the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision issued a consultation document on a revised framework. This is intended to be implemented as a minimum standard at the beginning of January 2018.
 
Management of liquidity and funding risk
(Audited)
 
Our liquidity and funding risk management framework ('LFRF') employs two key measures to define, monitor and control the liquidity and funding risk of each of our operating entities. The advances to core funding ratio is used to monitor the structural long-term funding position, and the stressed coverage ratio, incorporating Group-defined stress scenarios, is used to monitor the resilience to severe liquidity stresses.
 
The three principal entities listed in the tables below represented 66% (2012: 62%) of the Group's customer accounts (excluding repos). Including the other principal entities, the percentage was 94% (2012: 94%).
 
Advances to core funding ratio
 
The table below shows the extent to which loans and advances to customers in our principal banking entities were financed by reliable and stable sources of funding.
 

ACF limits set for principal operating entities at 31 December 2013 ranged between 80% and 115%.
 
Advances to core funding ratios40
(Audited)
 
 
At 31 December
 
2013
 
2012
 
%
 
%
HSBC UK41
     
Year-end .............................
100
 
106
Maximum ............................
107
 
106
Minimum ............................
100
 
100
Average ...............................
104
 
103
       
The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation42
     
Year-end .............................
72
 
73
Maximum ............................
77
 
75
Minimum ............................
70
 
71
Average ...............................
74
 
73
       
HSBC USA43
     
Year-end .............................
85
 
78
Maximum ............................
85
 
86
Minimum ............................
78
 
68
Average ...............................
82
 
78
       
Total of HSBC's other
principal entities44
     
Year-end .............................
93
 
91
Maximum ............................
93
 
92
Minimum ............................
89
 
85
Average ...............................
91
 
88
 
 
For footnotes, see page 264.
 
Core funding represents the core component of customer deposits and any term professional funding with a residual contractual maturity beyond one year. Capital is excluded from our definition of core funding.
 
Stressed coverage ratios
 
The ratios tabulated below express stressed cash inflows as a percentage of stressed cash outflows over both one-month and three-month time horizons. Operating entities are required to maintain a ratio of 100% or greater out to three months.
 
Inflows included in the numerator of the stressed coverage ratio are generated from liquid assets net of assumed haircuts, and cash inflows related to assets contractually maturing within the time period.
 
In general, customer advances are assumed to be renewed and as a result do not generate a cash inflow
 

 
Stressed one-month and three-month coverage ratios40
(Audited)
 
 
Stressed one-month coverage
ratios at 31 December
 
Stressed three-month coverage
ratios at 31 December
 
2013
 
2012
 
2013
 
2012
 
%
 
%
 
%
 
%
HSBC UK41
             
Year-end ..............................................................
106
 
114
 
109
 
103
Maximum .............................................................
114
 
117
 
109
 
103
Minimum .............................................................
100
 
108
 
101
 
101
Average ................................................................
106
 
112
 
103
 
102
               
The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation42
             
Year-end ..............................................................
119
 
129
 
114
 
126
Maximum .............................................................
131
 
134
 
126
 
126
Minimum .............................................................
113
 
123
 
109
 
118
Average ................................................................
119
 
129
 
114
 
123
               
HSBC USA43
             
Year-end ..............................................................
114
 
126
 
110
 
119
Maximum .............................................................
126
 
137
 
119
 
130
Minimum .............................................................
110
 
115
 
109
 
113
Average ................................................................
115
 
127
 
112
 
123
               
Total of HSBC's other principal entities44
             
Year-end ..............................................................
121
 
127
 
114
 
117
Maximum .............................................................
128
 
127
 
119
 
117
Minimum .............................................................
113
 
117
 
109
 
108
Average ................................................................
120
 
121
 
113
 
111
 
 
For footnotes, see page 264.
 
 

 
The one-month stressed coverage ratio for HSBC UK decreased due to higher contractual repos on level 3 assets maturing beyond one month and higher cash outflows modelled for non-core deposits. The three-month stressed coverage ratio increased due to the reclassification of equities that qualify as level 3 liquid assets under LFRF.
 
The stressed coverage ratios for The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation decreased as a result of a methodology change with regards to intraday liquidity requirements.
 
The stressed coverage ratios for HSBC USA decreased as the surplus liquidity was deployed into loans and advances to customers.
 
The stressed coverage ratios for the total of HSBC's other principal entities remained broadly unchanged.
 
Liquid assets of HSBC's principal operating entities
 
The table below shows the estimated liquidity value (before assumed haircuts) of assets categorised as liquid used for the purposes of calculating the
 
three-month stressed coverage ratios, as defined under the LFRF.
 
Unencumbered assets held as a consequence of a reverse repo transaction with a residual contractual maturity within the stressed coverage ratio time period and unsecured interbank loans maturing within three months are not included in liquid assets, but are treated as contractual cash inflows.
 
Liquid assets are held and managed on a stand-alone operating entity basis. Most of the liquid assets shown are held directly by each operating entity's Balance Sheet Management function, primarily for the purpose of managing liquidity risk, in line with the LFRF.
 
Liquid assets also include any unencumbered liquid assets held outside Balance Sheet Management for any other purpose. The LFRF gives ultimate control of all unencumbered assets and sources of liquidity to Balance Sheet Management.
 
 
For a summary of our liquid asset policy and definitions of the classifications shown in the table below, see the Appendix to Risk on page 278.

 
Liquid assets of HSBC's principal entities
(Audited)
 
 
Estimated liquidity value45
 
31 December 2013
 
31 December 2012
 
US$m
 
US$m
HSBC UK41
     
Level 1 ................................................................................................................................
168,877
 
138,812
Level 2 ................................................................................................................................
1,076
 
374
Level 3 ................................................................................................................................
63,509
 
27,656
       
 
233,462
 
166,842
The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation42
     
Level 1 ................................................................................................................................
108,713
 
112,167
Level 2 ................................................................................................................................
5,191
 
5,740
Level 3 ................................................................................................................................
7,106
 
3,968
       
 
121,010
 
121,875
HSBC USA43
     
Level 1 ................................................................................................................................
43,446
 
60,981
Level 2 ................................................................................................................................
12,709
 
15,609
Level 3 ................................................................................................................................
5,044
 
5,350
Other ..................................................................................................................................
8,000
 
6,521
       
 
69,199
 
88,461
Total of HSBC's other principal entities44
     
Level 1 ................................................................................................................................
144,774
 
154,445
Level 2 ................................................................................................................................
12,419
 
18,048
Level 3 ................................................................................................................................
13,663
 
6,468
Other ..................................................................................................................................
-
 
2,447
       
 
170,856
 
181,408
 
 
For footnotes, see page 264.
 
 

 
All assets held within the liquid asset portfolio are unencumbered.
 
Liquid assets held by HSBC UK increased as a result of a rise in customer accounts, which led to an increase in the level of non-core deposits and, consequently, liquid assets. Liquid assets also increased due to the reclassification of equities qualifying as liquid assets under LFRF.
 
Liquid assets held by The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation remained broadly unchanged.
 
Liquid assets held by HSBC USA decreased as a result of the increase in loans and advances to customers.
 

Net contractual cash flows
 
The following table quantifies the contractual cash flows from interbank and intra-Group loans and deposits, and reverse repo, repo (including intra-Group transactions) and short positions for the principal entities shown. These contractual cash inflows and outflows are reflected gross in the numerator and denominator, respectively, of the one and three-month stressed coverage ratios and should be considered alongside the level of liquid assets.
 
Outflows included in the denominator of the stressed coverage ratios include the principal outflows associated with the contractual maturity of wholesale debt securities reported in the table headed 'Wholesale funding cash flows payable by HSBC under financial liabilities by remaining contractual maturities' on page 222.
 
 

 
 

 
Net cash inflows/(outflows) for interbank and intra-Group loans and deposits and reverse repo, repo and short positions
(Audited)
 
 
At 31 December 2013
 
At 31 December 2012
 
Cash flows
within
one month
 
Cash flows
from one to
three months
 
Cash flows
within
one month
 
Cash flows
from one to
three months
 
US$m
 
US$m
 
US$m
 
US$m
Interbank and intra-Group loans and deposits
             
HSBC UK41 ........................................................................
(19,033)
 
(5,272)
 
(16,464)
 
(1,429)
The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation42 .........
2,314
 
7,487
 
4,402
 
9,685
HSBC USA43 ......................................................................
(24,268)
 
729
 
(30,269)
 
(473)
Total of HSBC's other principal entities44 .........................
4,295
 
10,149
 
5,419
 
10,511
               
Reverse repo, repo, stock borrowing, stock lending and outright short positions (including intra-Group)
             
HSBC UK41 ........................................................................
(39,064)
 
149
 
(4,184)
 
(13,776)
The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation42 .........
12,662
 
4,297
 
13,672
 
2,501
HSBC USA43 ......................................................................
(11,001)
 
-
 
(4,003)
 
62
Total of HSBC's other principal entities44 .........................
(40,223)
 
9,551
 
(31,951)
 
(231)
 
For footnotes, see page 264.
 
 

 
Net cash flow arising from interbank and intragroup loans and deposits
 
Under the LFRF, a net cash inflow within three months arising from interbank and intragroup loans and deposits will give rise to a lower liquid asset requirement. Conversely, a net cash outflow within three months arising from interbank and intra-Group loans and deposits will give rise to a higher liquid assets requirement.
 
Net cash flow arising from reverse repo, repo, stock borrowing, stock lending and outright short positions (including intra-Group)
 
A net cash inflow represents liquid resources in addition to liquid assets because any unencumbered asset held as a consequence of a reverse repo transaction with a residual contractual maturity within the stressed coverage ratio time period is not reflected as a liquid asset.
 
The impact of net cash outflow depends on whether the underlying collateral encumbered as a result will qualify as a liquid asset when released at the maturity of the repo. The majority of the Group's repo transactions are collateralised by liquid assets and, as such, any net cash outflow shown is offset by the return of liquid assets, which are excluded from the liquid asset table above.
 

Contingent liquidity risk arising from
committed lending facilities
(Audited)
 
The Group's operating entities provide commitments to various counterparties. In terms of liquidity risk, the most significant risk relates to committed lending facilities which, whilst undrawn, give rise to contingent liquidity risk as they could be drawn during a period of liquidity stress. Commitments are given to customers and committed lending facilities are provided to consolidated multi-seller conduits established to enable clients to access flexible market-based sources of finance (see page 550), consolidated securities investment conduits and third-party sponsored conduits.
 
The consolidated securities investment conduits includes Solitaire and Mazarin Funding Limited ('Mazarin') (see page 551). They issue asset-backed commercial paper secured against the portfolio of securities held by them. At 31 December 2013, HSBC UK had undrawn committed lending facilities to these conduits of US$15bn (2012: US$18bn), of which Solitaire represented US$11bn (2012: US$13bn) and the remaining US$4bn (2012: US$5.1bn) pertained to Mazarin. Although HSBC UK provides a liquidity facility, Solitaire and Mazarin have no need to draw on it so long as HSBC purchases the CP issued, which it intends to do for the foreseeable future. At 31 December 2013, the commercial paper issued by Solitaire and Mazarin was entirely held by HSBC UK. Since HSBC controls the size of the portfolio of securities held by these conduits, no contingent liquidity risk exposure arises as a result of these undrawn committed lending facilitie
 

 
The table below shows the level of undrawn commitments to customers outstanding for the five largest single facilities and the largest market sector, and the extent to which they are undrawn.
 
 

 
The Group's contractual undrawn exposures at 31 December monitored under the contingent liquidity risk limit structure
(Audited)
 
 
HSBC UK41
 
HSBC USA43
 
HSBC Canada
 
The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation42
 
2013
 
2012
 
2013
 
2012
 
2013
 
2012
 
2013
 
2012
 
US$bn
 
US$bn
 
US$bn
 
US$bn
 
US$bn
 
US$bn
 
US$bn
 
US$bn
Commitments to conduits
                             
Consolidated multi-seller
conduits
                             
- total lines ......................
10.1
 
7.8
 
2.5
 
2.3
 
1.0
 
1.0
 
-
 
-
- largest individual lines ...
0.7
 
0.7
 
0.5
 
0.5
 
0.7
 
0.8
 
-
 
-
Consolidated securities investment conduits
- total lines .......................
14.8
 
18.1
 
-
 
-
 
-
 
-
 
-
 
-
Third party conduits
- total lines .......................
-
 
-
 
0.7
 
0.8
 
-
 
-
 
-
 
-
                               
Commitments to customers
                             
- five largest46 .................
4.4
 
6.0
 
6.3
 
6.0
 
1.5
 
1.7
 
2.4
 
2.1
- largest market sector47 ..
9.5
 
11.0
 
8.2
 
7.5
 
3.4
 
4.5
 
2.7
 
2.4
 
 
For footnotes, see page 264.
 
 

 
Sources of funding
(Audited)
 
Our primary sources of funding are customer current accounts and customer savings deposits payable on demand or at short notice. We issue wholesale securities (secured and unsecured) to supplement our customer deposits and change the currency mix, maturity profile or location of our liabilities.
 
The 'Funding sources and uses' table below, which provides a consolidated view of how our balance sheet is funded, should be read in the light of the LFRF, which requires operating entities to manage liquidity and funding risk on a stand-alone basis.
 
The table analyses our consolidated balance sheet according to the assets that primarily arise from operating activities and the sources of funding primarily supporting these activities. The assets and liabilities that do not arise from operating activities are presented as a net balancing source or deployment of funds.
 
The level of customer accounts continued to exceed the level of loans and advances to customers. Excluding the effect of repos from customer accounts and reverse repos from loans and advances to customers, the advances to deposits ratio at 31 December 2013 was 73% (2012: 73%). The positive funding gap was predominantly deployed in liquid assets; cash and balances with central banks and financial investments, as required by the LFRF.
 

Loans and other receivables due from banks continued to exceed deposits taken from banks. The Group remained a net unsecured lender to the banking sector.
 
Repos and stock lending
 
GB&M provides collateralised security financing services to its clients, providing them with cash financing or specific securities. When cash is provided to clients against collateral in the form of securities, the cash provided is recognised on the balance sheet as a reverse repo. When securities are provided to clients against cash collateral the cash received is recognised on the balance sheet as a repo or, if the securities are equity securities, as stock lending.
 
Each operating entity manages its collateral through a central collateral pool, in line with the LFRF. When specific securities need to be delivered and the entity does not have them currently available within the central collateral pool, the securities are borrowed on a collateralised basis. When securities are borrowed against cash collateral the cash provided is recognised on the balance sheet as a reverse repo or, if the securities are equity securities, as stock borrowing.
 
Operating entities may also borrow cash against collateral in the form of securities, using the securities available in the central collateral pool. Repos and stock lending can be used in this way to fund the cash requirement arising from securities owned outright by Markets to facilitate client business, and the net cash requirement arising from financing client securities activity.
 
Reverse repos, stock borrowing, repos and stock lending are reported net when the IFRSs offsetting criteria are met. In some cases transactions to borrow or lend securities are collateralised using securities. These transactions are off-balance sheet.
 
Securities reflected on the balance sheet that are pledged as collateral against an existing liability or lent are reflected as encumbered for the duration of the transaction. When securities are received as collateral or borrowed, and when we have the right to sell or re-pledge these securities, they are reflected as available and unencumbered for the duration of the transaction, unless re-pledged or sold. Further analysis regarding the encumbrance of securities resulting from repos and stock lending and available unencumbered assets arising from reverse repos and stock borrowing is provided under the heading 'Encumbered and unencumbered assets' starting on page 223.
 
In the normal course of business we do not seek to utilise repo financing as a source of funding to finance customer assets, beyond the collateralised security financing activities within Global Markets described above.
 
The original contractual maturity of reverse repo, stock borrowing, repo and stock lending is short term with the vast majority of transactions being for less than 90 days.
 
The residual contractual maturity profile of the balance sheet is set out on in Note 33 on the Financial Statements.
 

Any security accepted as collateral for a reverse repo or stock borrowing transaction must be of very high quality and its value subject to an appropriate haircut. Securities borrowed under reverse repo or stock borrowing transactions can only be recognised as part of the liquidity asset buffer for the duration of the transactions and only if the security received is eligible under the liquid asset policy within the LFRF.
 
Credit controls are in place to ensure that the fair value of any collateral received remains appropriate to collateralise the cash or fair value of securities given.
 
In 2013, GB&M changed the way it manages repo and reverse repo activities in the Credit and Rates businesses, which were previously being managed in a trading environment. During the year, the repo and reverse repo business activities were organised into trading and non-trading portfolios, with separate risk management procedures. As demonstrated in the 'Funding sources and uses' table below, this resulted in an increase in the amount of reverse repos classified as 'Loans and advances to customers' and 'Loans and advances to banks', and a decline in the amount classified as 'Trading assets' at 31 December 2013, compared with previous year-ends. Similarly, at 31 December 2013 there was an increase in the amount of repos classified as 'Customer accounts' and 'Deposits by banks' with a decline in the amount classified as 'Trading liabilities', compared with previous year-ends.
 

 
Funding sources and uses
(Audited)
 
 
2013
 
2012
   
2013
 
2012
 
US$m
 
US$m
   
US$m
 
US$m
Sources
       
Uses
     
Customer accounts ..................
1,482,812
 
1,340,014
 
Loans and advances to customers .............................................
1,080,304
 
997,623
- repos ....................................
121,515
 
28,618
 
- reverse repos ........................
88,215
 
34,651
- cash deposits ........................
1,361,297
 
1,311,396
 
- stock borrowing ...................
65
 
13
         
- loans and other receivables ...
992,024
 
962,959
                 
Deposits by banks ...................
129,212
 
107,429
 
Loans and advances to banks ...
211,521
 
152,546
- repos ....................................
42,705
 
11,949
 
- reverse repos ........................
91,475
 
35,461
- cash deposits ........................
86,507
 
95,480
 
- loans and other receivables ...
120,046
 
117,085
                 
Debt securities issued ...............
104,080
 
119,461
 
Assets held for sale ..................
4,050
 
19,269
                 
Liabilities of disposal groups
       
Trading assets .........................
303,192
 
408,811
held for sale ..........................
2,804
 
5,018
 
- reverse repos ........................
10,120
 
118,681
Subordinated liabilities .............
28,976
 
29,479
 
- stock borrowing ...................
10,318
 
16,071
Financial liabilities designated
       
- settlement accounts .............
19,435
 
14,510
at fair value .........................
89,084
 
87,720
 
- other trading assets ..............
263,319
 
259,549
                 
Liabilities under insurance
       
Financial investments .............
425,925
 
421,101
contracts ..............................
74,181
 
68,195
         
         
Cash and balances with
     
Trading liabilities ....................
207,025
 
304,563
 
central banks ........................
166,599
 
141,532
- repos ....................................
17,421
 
130,223
 
Net deployment in other
     
- stock lending ........................
12,218
 
6,818
 
balance sheet assets and
     
- settlement accounts .............
17,428
 
17,108
 
liabilities ...............................
117,042
 
104,126
- other trading liabilities .........
159,958
 
150,414
         
           
2,308,633
 
2,245,008
Total equity ............................
190,459
 
183,129
         
 
2,308,633
 
2,245,008
         
 

 
Cross-border, intra-Group and cross-currency liquidity and funding risk
(Unaudited)
 
The stand-alone operating entity approach to liquidity and funding mandated by the LFRF restricts the exposure of our operating entities to the risks that can arise from extensive reliance on cross-border funding. Operating entities manage their funding sources locally, focusing predominantly on the local customer deposit base. The RBWM, CMB and GPB customer relationships that give rise to core deposits within an operating entity generally reflect a local customer relationship with that operating entity. Access to public debt markets is co-ordinated globally by the Global Head of Balance Sheet Management and the Group Treasurer with Group ALCO monitoring all planned public debt issuance on a monthly basis. As a general principle, operating entities are only permitted to issue in their local currency and are encouraged to focus on local private placements. The public issuance of debt instruments in foreign currency is tightly controlled and generally restricted to HSBC Holdings and HSBC Bank.
 
A central principle of our stand-alone approach to LFRM is that operating entities place no future reliance on other Group entities. However, operating entities may, at their discretion, utilise their respective committed facilities from other Group entities if necessary. In addition, intra-Group large exposure limits are applied by national regulators to individual legal entities locally, which restricts the unsecured exposures of legal entities to the rest of the Group to a percentage of the lender's regulatory capital.
 
Our LFRF also considers the ability of each entity to continue to access foreign exchange markets under stress when a surplus in one currency is used to meet a deficit in another currency, for example, by using the foreign currency swap markets. Where appropriate, operating entities are required to monitor stressed coverage ratios and ACF ratios for non-local currencies and set limits for them. Foreign currency swap markets in currency pairs settled through the Continuous Link Settlement Bank are considered to be extremely deep and liquid and it is assumed that capacity to access these markets is not exposed to idiosyncratic risks.
 
For the majority of operating entities within the Group, the only material non-local currency (exceeding 10% of balance sheet liabilities) is the US dollar. The euro is in an additional material non-local currency for HSBC UK and offshore renminbi is material for The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation. Singapore dollars and Indian rupees are also material currencies for The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation, but these currencies are managed onshore within the local country branch operations on a stand-alone branch basis
 

 
Wholesale funding cash flows payable by HSBC under financial liabilities by remaining contractual maturities
(Unaudited)
 
 
Due not
more than
1 month
 
Due over 1 month but not more than 3 months
 
Due over 3 months but not more than 6 months
 
Due over 6 months but not more than 9 months
 
Due over 9 months but not more than 1 year
 
Due over 1 year but not more than 2 years
 
Due over 2 years but not more than 5 years
 
Due over
5 years
 
Total
 
US$m
 
US$m
 
US$m
 
US$m
 
US$m
 
US$m
 
US$m
 
US$m
 
US$m
At 31 December 2013
                                 
Debt securities issued ..........................
25,426
 
9,752
 
17,942
 
11,659
 
10,587
 
31,839
 
46,934
 
31,066
 
185,205
- unsecured CDs and CP .................
7,589
 
7,206
 
9,867
 
3,239
 
5,043
 
4,449
 
2,749
 
 
40,142
- unsecured senior MTNs ...............
6,284
 
71
 
5,448
 
4,221
 
3,062
 
21,428
 
33,091
 
21,433
 
95,038
- unsecured senior structured notes
987
 
1,423
 
1,952
 
1,689
 
1,718
 
3,712
 
6,036
 
5,021
 
22,538
- secured covered bonds .................
 
 
 
1,250
 
 
225
 
2,747
 
3,317
 
7,539
- secured ABCP .............................
10,383
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
10,383
- secured ABS ................................
74
 
1,052
 
675
 
1,260
 
764
 
1,861
 
2,311
 
 
7,997
- others .........................................
109
 
 
 
 
 
164
 
 
1,295
 
1,568
                                   
Subordinated liabilities ........................
 
28
 
1,171
 
144
 
6
 
1,460
 
3,374
 
41,801
 
47,984
- subordinated debt securities..........
 
28
 
1,171
 
144
 
6
 
460
 
3,374
 
34,899
 
40,082
- preferred securities ......................
 
 
 
 
 
1,000
 
 
6,902
 
7,902
                                   
                                   
 
25,426
 
9,780
 
19,113
 
11,803
 
10,593
 
33,299
 
50,308
 
72,867
 
233,189
                                   
At 31 December 2012
                                 
Debt securities issued ..........................
19,280
 
20,724
 
22,479
 
10,269
 
14,934
 
27,716
 
56,543
 
25,970
 
197,915
- unsecured CDs and CP .................
3,736
 
12,176
 
6,707
 
1,632
 
1,709
 
3,502
 
763
 
-
 
30,225
- unsecured senior MTNs ...............
201
 
5,360
 
12,655
 
6,772
 
10,411
 
15,318
 
41,381
 
17,299
 
109,397
- unsecured senior structured notes
487
 
1,112
 
1,694
 
1,075
 
897
 
2,584
 
5,779
 
6,208
 
19,836
- secured covered bonds .................
-
 
-
 
1,133
 
422
 
758
 
3,578
 
4,557
 
826
 
11,274
- secured ABCP .............................
14,583
 
1,891
 
-
 
-
 
-
 
-
 
-
 
-
 
16,474
- secured ABS ................................
104
 
175
 
211
 
339
 
633
 
1,677
 
2,072
 
525
 
5,736
- others .........................................
169
 
10
 
79
 
29
 
526
 
1,057
 
1,991
 
1,112
 
4,973
                                   
Subordinated liabilities ........................
7
 
44
 
-
 
-
 
10
 
1,296
 
2,550
 
43,949
 
47,856
- subordinated debt securities .........
7
 
44
 
-
 
-
 
10
 
1,296
 
1,550
 
36,005
 
38,912
- preferred securities ......................
-
 
-
 
-
 
-
 
-
 
-
 
1,000
 
7,944
 
8,944
                                   
                                   
 
19,287
 
20,768
 
22,479
 
10,269
 
14,944
 
29,012
 
59,093
 
69,919
 
245,771

 

 
Measured in terms of consolidated total liabilities excluding capital, only four currencies (US dollar, sterling, euro and Hong Kong dollar) represent more than 5% of total liabilities.
 
Wholesale term debt maturity profile
(Unaudited)
 
The maturity profile of our wholesale term debt obligations is set out above in the table headed 'Wholesale funding principal cash flows payable by HSBC under financial liabilities by remaining contractual maturities'.
 
The balances in the table do not agree directly with those in the consolidated balance sheet as the table presents gross cash flows relating to principal payments and not the balance sheet carrying value, which includes debt securities and subordinated liabilities measured at fair value.
 
The basis of preparation of this table has changed from that presented in the Annual Report and Accounts 2012, which included future coupon payments in addition to the principal amounts. The disclosure of principal amounts only is consistent with how we manage the associated liquidity and funding risk.
 
Encumbered and unencumbered assets
(Unaudited)
 
The table on page 225, 'Analysis of on-balance sheet encumbered and unencumbered assets', summarises the total on and off-balance sheet assets that are capable of supporting future funding and
 
collateral needs and shows the extent to which these assets are currently pledged for this purpose. The objective of this disclosure is to facilitate an understanding of available and unrestricted assets that are valued on a liquidity and funding risk basis and could be used to support potential future funding and collateral needs.
 
The disclosure is not designed to identify assets which would be available to meet the claims of creditors or to predict assets that would be available to creditors in the event of a resolution or bankruptcy.
 
An asset is defined as encumbered if it has been pledged as collateral against an existing liability, and as a result is no longer available to the Group to secure funding, satisfy collateral needs or be sold to reduce the funding requirement. An asset is therefore categorised as unencumbered if it has not been pledged against an existing liability. Unencumbered assets are further analysed into four separate sub-categories; 'readily realisable assets', 'other realisable assets', 'reverse repo/stock borrowing receivables and derivative assets' and 'cannot be pledged as collateral'.
 
At 31 December 2013, the Group held US$1,824bn of unencumbered assets that could be used to support potential future funding and collateral needs, representing 83% of the total assets that can support funding and collateral needs (on and off-balance sheet). Of this amount, US$754bn (US$723bn on-balance sheet) were assessed to be readily realisable.
 
 

 
Summary of assets available to support potential future funding and collateral needs (on and off-balance sheet)
(Unaudited)
 
 
2013
 
2012
 
US$bn
 
US$bn
       
Total on-balance sheet assets .................................................................................................
2,671
 
2,693
Less:
     
Reverse repo/stock borrowing receivables and derivative assets ..........................................
(481)
 
(562)
Other assets that cannot be pledged as collateral ................................................................
(257)
 
(247)
       
Total on-balance sheet assets that can support funding and collateral needs ...........................
1,933
 
1,884
Add off-balance sheet assets:
     
Fair value of collateral received from reverse repo/stock borrowing that is available to sell or repledge .........................................................................................................................
260
 
296
Fair value of collateral received from derivatives that is available to sell or repledge ..........
5
 
6
       
Total assets that can support funding and collateral needs (on and off-balance sheet) ............
2,198
 
2,186
Less:
     
On-balance sheet assets pledged ..........................................................................................
(187)
 
(233)
Off-balance sheet collateral received from reverse repo/stock borrowing which has been
repledged or sold ............................................................................................................
(186)
 
(203)
Off-balance sheet collateral received from derivative transactions which has been
repledged or sold ............................................................................................................
(1)
 
(1)
       
Assets available to support future funding and collateral needs ...............................................
1,824
 
1,749


 

 
The effect of active collateral management
 
Collateral is managed on an operating entity basis, consistent with the approach adopted in managing liquidity and funding. Available collateral held by each operating entity is managed as a single collateral pool. In deciding which collateral to pledge, each operating entity seeks to optimise the use of the available collateral pool within the confines of the LFRF, irrespective of whether the collateral pledged is recognised on-balance sheet or was received in respect of reverse repo, stock borrowing or derivative transactions.
 
Managing collateral in this manner affects the presentation of asset encumbrance in that we may encumber on-balance sheet holdings while maintaining available unencumbered off-balance sheet holdings, even though we are not seeking to directly finance the on-balance sheet holdings pledged.
 
In quantifying the level of encumbrance of negotiable securities, the encumbrance is analysed by individual security. When a particular security is encumbered and we hold the security both on-balance sheet and off-balance sheet with the right to repledge, we assume for the purpose of this disclosure that the off-balance sheet holding is encumbered ahead of the on-balance sheet holding.
 
An on-balance sheet encumbered and off-balance sheet unencumbered asset will occur, for example, if we receive a specific security as a result of a reverse repo/stock borrowing transaction, but finance the cash lent by pledging a generic collateral basket, even if the security received is eligible for the collateral basket pledged. It will also occur if we receive a generic collateral basket as a result of a reverse repo transaction but finance the cash lent by pledging specific securities, even if the securities pledged are eligible for the collateral basket.
 
Off-balance sheet collateral received and pledged for reverse repo and stock borrowing transactions
 
The fair value of assets accepted as collateral that we are permitted to sell or repledge in the absence
 
of default was US$260bn at 31 December 2013 (2012: US$296bn). The fair value of any such collateral sold or repledged was US$186bn (2012: US$203bn). We are obliged to return equivalent securities. These transactions are conducted under terms that are usual and customary to standard reverse repo and stock borrowing transactions.
 
The fair value of collateral received and repledged in relation to reverse repos and stock borrowing is reported on a gross basis. The related balance sheet receivables and payables are reported on a net basis where required under IFRSs netting criteria.
 
As a consequence of reverse repo and stock borrowing transactions where the collateral received could be but had not been sold or re-pledged, we held US$74bn (2012: US$93bn) of unencumbered collateral available to support potential future funding and collateral needs at 31 December 2013.
 
Off-balance sheet non-cash collateral received and pledged for derivative transactions
 
The fair value of assets accepted as collateral related to derivative transactions that we are permitted to sell or repledge in the absence of default was US$5bn (2012: US$6bn). The fair value of any such collateral sold or repledged was US$1bn (2012: US$1bn). We are obliged to return equivalent securities. These transactions are conducted under terms that are usual and customary to derivative transactions.
 
Analysis of on-balance sheet encumbered and unencumbered assets
 
The table below presents an analysis of on-balance sheet holdings only, and shows the amounts of balance sheet assets on a liquidity and funding basis that are encumbered. The table therefore excludes any available off-balance sheet holdings received in respect of reverse repos, stock borrowing or derivatives.
 

 

 
Analysis of on-balance sheet encumbered and unencumbered assets
(Unaudited)
 
 
Encumbered
 
Unencumbered
   
 
Assets pledged as collateral
 
Readily realisable assets
 
Other realisable assets
 
Reverse repos/stock borrowing receivables & derivative assets
 
Cannot
be pledged
as collateral
 
Total
 
US$m
 
US$m
 
US$m
 
US$m
 
US$m
 
US$m
At 31 December 2013
                     
Cash and balances at central banks .......
-
 
161,240
 
269
 
-
 
5,090
 
166,599
Items in the course of collection from
other banks ......................................
-
 
-
 
-
 
-
 
6,021
 
6,021
Hong Kong Government certificates of indebtedness .....................................
-
 
-
 
-
 
-
 
25,220
 
25,220
Trading assets ......................................
99,326
 
142,211
 
14,654
 
20,438
 
26,563
 
303,192
- Treasury and other eligible bills ....
3,402
 
17,976
 
206
 
-
 
-
 
21,584
- debt securities ...............................
83,563
 
57,850
 
-
 
-
 
231
 
141,644
- equity securities ............................
8,373
 
55,156
 
363
 
-
 
-
 
63,892
- loans and advances to banks .........
1,796
 
2,813
 
6,151
 
5,263
 
11,861
 
27,884
- loans and advances to customers ..
2,192
 
8,416
 
7,934
 
15,175
 
14,471
 
48,188
                       
Financial assets designated at fair value
19
 
2,706
 
1,883
 
-
 
33,822
 
38,430
- Treasury and other eligible bills ....
-
 
-
 
-
 
-
 
50
 
50
- debt securities ...............................
19
 
826
 
776
 
-
 
10,968
 
12,589
- equity securities ............................
-
 
1,874
 
1,103
 
-
 
22,734
 
25,711
- loans and advances to banks .........
-
 
6
 
4
 
-
 
66
 
76
- loans and advances to customers ..
-
 
-
 
-
 
-
 
4
 
4
                       
Derivatives ..........................................
-
 
-
 
-
 
282,265
 
-
 
282,265
Loans and advances to banks ...............
162
 
8,342
 
80,231
 
91,475
 
31,311
 
211,521
Loans and advances to customers .........
32,218
 
102,203
 
854,724
 
86,346
 
4,813
 
1,080,304
Financial investments ..........................
54,473
 
289,093
 
31,096
 
-
 
51,263
 
425,925
- Treasury and other eligible bills ....
2,985
 
72,849
 
2,052
 
-
 
226
 
78,112
- debt securities ...............................
51,488
 
210,516
 
25,720
 
-
 
50,949
 
338,673
- equity securities ............................
-
 
5,728
 
3,324
 
-
 
88
 
9,140
                       
Assets held for sale ..............................
-
 
-
 
4,050
 
-
 
-
 
4,050
Other assets .........................................
990
 
16,134
 
14,216
 
-
 
19,599
 
50,939
Current tax assets ................................
-
 
-
 
-
 
-
 
985
 
985
Prepayments and accrued income ........
-
 
-
 
-
 
-
 
11,006
 
11,006
Interest in associates and joint ventures .
-
 
12
 
16,356
 
-
 
272
 
16,640
Goodwill and intangible assets ..............
-
 
-
 
-
 
-
 
29,918
 
29,918
Property, plant and equipment ............
38
 
654
 
6,353
 
-
 
3,802
 
10,847
Deferred tax ........................................
-
 
-
 
-
 
-
 
7,456
 
7,456
                       
 
187,226
 
722,595
 
1,023,832
 
480,524
 
257,141
 
2,671,318

 

 
Analysis of on-balance sheet encumbered and unencumbered assets (continued)
 
 
Encumbered
 
Unencumbered
   
 
Assets pledged as collateral
 
Readily realisable assets
 
Other realisable assets
 
Reverse repos/stock borrowing receivables & derivative assets
 
Cannot
be pledged
as collateral
 
Total
 
US$m
 
US$m
 
US$m
 
US$m
 
US$m
 
US$m
At 31 December 2012
                     
Cash and balances at central banks .......
-
 
139,963
 
220
 
-
 
1,349
 
141,532
Items in the course of collection from
other banks ......................................
-
 
-
 
-
 
-
 
7,303
 
7,303
Hong Kong Government certificates of indebtedness .....................................
-
 
-
 
-
 
-
 
22,743
 
22,743
Trading assets ......................................
143,019
 
116,395
 
10,330
 
134,752
 
4,315
 
408,811
- Treasury and other eligible bills ....
2,309
 
23,973
 
-
 
-
 
-
 
26,282
- debt securities ...............................
97,157
 
47,311
 
205
 
-
 
4
 
144,677
- equity securities ............................
5,592
 
35,420
 
622
 
-
 
-
 
41,634
- loans and advances to banks .........
20,588
 
1,909
 
2,582
 
50,376
 
2,816
 
78,271
- loans and advances to customers ..
17,373
 
7,782
 
6,921
 
84,376
 
1,495
 
117,947
                       
Financial assets designated at fair value
-
 
447
 
610
 
-
 
32,525
 
33,582
- Treasury and other eligible bills ....
-
 
14
 
-
 
-
 
40
 
54
- debt securities ...............................
-
 
431
 
128
 
-
 
11,992
 
12,551
- equity securities ............................
-
 
2
 
482
 
-
 
20,384
 
20,868
- loans and advances to banks .........
-
 
-
 
-
 
-
 
55
 
55
- loans and advances to customers ..
-
 
-
 
-
 
-
 
54
 
54
                       
Derivatives ..........................................
-
 
-
 
-
 
357,450
 
-
 
357,450
Loans and advances to banks ...............
1,191
 
4,722
 
81,802
 
35,461
 
29,370
 
152,546
Loans and advances to customers .........
40,792
 
85,626
 
827,903
 
34,664
 
8,638
 
997,623
Financial investments ..........................
46,678
 
300,255
 
7,990
 
-
 
66,178
 
421,101
- Treasury and other eligible bills ....
2,024
 
84,991
 
156
 
-
 
379
 
87,550
- debt securities ...............................
44,654
 
214,545
 
4,112
 
-
 
64,451
 
327,762
- equity securities ............................
-
 
719
 
3,722
 
-
 
1,348
 
5,789
                       
Assets held for sale ..............................
-
 
-
 
19,269
 
-
 
-
 
19,269
Other assets .........................................
1,600
 
18,601
 
11,621
 
-
 
22,894
 
54,716
Current tax assets ................................
-
 
-
 
-
 
-
 
515
 
515
Prepayments and accrued income ........
-
 
-
 
-
 
-
 
9,502
 
9,502
Interest in associates and joint ventures .
-
 
-
 
17,480
 
-
 
354
 
17,834
Goodwill and intangible assets ..............
-
 
-
 
-
 
-
 
29,853
 
29,853
Property, plant and equipment ............
-
 
-
 
6,772
 
-
 
3,816
 
10,588
Deferred tax ........................................
-
 
-
 
-
 
-
 
7,570
 
7,570
                       
 
233,280
 
666,009
 
983,997
 
562,327
 
246,925
 
2,692,538
 

 
The US$32bn (2012: US$41bn) of loans and advances to customers reported in the table above as encumbered have been pledged predominantly to support the issuance of secured debt instruments such as covered bonds and ABSs, including asset-backed commercial paper issued by consolidated multi-seller conduits. It also includes those pledged in relation to any other form of secured borrowing.
 
In total, the Group pledged US$150bn (2012: US$152bn) of negotiable securities, predominantly as a result of market-making in securities financing to our clients.
 

Additional contractual obligations
 
Under the terms of our current collateral obligations under derivative contracts (which are ISDA compliant CSA contracts and contracts entered for pension obligations, and exclude the contracts entered for SPVs and ATEs) and based on the positions at 31 December 2013, we estimate that we could be required to post additional collateral of up to US$0.7bn (2012: US$1.5bn) in the event of a one-notch downgrade in credit ratings, which would increase to US$1.2bn (2012: US$2.5bn) in the event of a two-notch downgrade.
 

 

Definitions of the categories included in the table 'Analysis of on-balance sheet encumbered and unencumbered assets':
 
 
· Encumbered assets are assets on our balance sheet which have been pledged as collateral against an existing liability, and as a result are assets which are unavailable to the bank to secure funding, satisfy collateral needs or be sold to reduce potential future funding requirements.
 
 
· Unencumbered - readily realisable assets are assets regarded by the bank to be readily realisable in the normal course of business to secure funding, meet collateral needs, or be sold to reduce potential future funding requirements, and are not subject to any restrictions on their use for these purposes.
 
 
· Unencumbered - other realisable assets are assets where there are no restrictions on their use to secure funding, meet collateral needs, or be sold to reduce potential future funding requirements, but they are not readily realisable in the normal course of business in their current form.
 
 
· Unencumbered - reverse repo/stock borrow receivables and derivative assets are assets related specifically to reverse repo, stock borrowing and derivative transactions. They are shown separately as these on-balance sheet assets cannot be pledged but often give rise to the receipt of non-cash assets which are not recognised on the balance sheet, and can additionally be used to raise secured funding, meet additional collateral requirements or be sold.
 
 
· Unencumbered - cannot be pledged as collateral are assets that have not been pledged and which we have assessed could not be pledged and therefore could not be used to secure funding, meet collateral needs, or be sold to reduce potential future funding requirements. An example is assets held by the Group's insurance subsidiaries that back liabilities to policyholders and support the solvency of these entities.
 
Historically, the Group has not recognised any contingent liquidity value for assets other than those assets defined under the LFRF as being liquid assets, and any other negotiable instruments that under stress are assumed to be realisable after three months, even though they may currently be realisable. This approach has generally been driven by our risk appetite not to place any reliance on central banks. In a few cases, we have recognised the contingent value of discrete pools of assets, but the amounts involved are insignificant. As a result, we have reported the majority of our loans and advances to customers and banks in the category 'Other realisable assets' as management would need to perform additional actions in order to make the assets transferable and readily realisable.
 

 
Additional information
 
The amount of assets pledged to secure liabilities reported in Note 36 on the Financial Statements may be greater than the book value of assets reported as being encumbered in the table on page 225. Examples of where such differences occur are:
 
 
· ABSs and covered bonds, where the amount of liabilities issued plus the required mandatory over-collateralisation is lower than the book value of assets pledged to the pool. Any difference is categorised in the table above as 'Unencumbered - readily realisable assets';
 
 
· negotiable securities held by custodians or settlement agents, where a floating charge has been given over the entire holding to secure intra-day settlement liabilities, are only reported as encumbered to the extent that we have a liability to the custodian or settlement agent at the reporting date, with the balance reported as 'Unencumbered - readily realisable assets'; and
 
 
· assets pre-positioned with central banks or government agencies are only reported as encumbered to the extent that we have secured funding with the collateral. The unutilised pre-positioned collateral is reported as 'Unencumbered - readily realisable assets'.
 
Contractual maturity of financial liabilities
(Audited)
 
The balances in the table below do not agree directly with those in our consolidated balance sheet as the table incorporates, on an undiscounted basis, all cash flows relating to principal and future coupon payments (except for trading liabilities and derivatives not treated as hedging derivatives). Undiscounted cash flows payable in relation to hedging derivative liabilities are classified according to their contractual maturities. Trading liabilities and derivatives not treated as hedging derivatives are included in the 'On demand' time bucket and not by contractual maturity.
 
A maturity analysis of repos and debt securities in issue included in trading liabilities is presented in Note 33 on the Financial Statements.
 
In addition, loan and other credit-related commitments and financial guarantees and similar contracts are generally not recognised on our balance sheet. The undiscounted cash flows potentially payable under financial guarantees and similar contracts are classified on the basis of the earliest date they can be called.
 

 
 

 
Cash flows payable by HSBC under financial liabilities by remaining contractual maturities
(Audited)
 
 
On
demand
US$m
 
Due within 3 months US$m
 
Due between 3 and 12 months
US$m
 
Due between
1 and 5 years
US$m
 
Due after 5 years
US$m
At 31 December 2013
                 
Deposits by banks ..............................................
65,839
 
54,175
 
5,612
 
2,819
 
686
Customer accounts .............................................
1,124,635
 
277,459
 
69,542
 
15,520
 
726
Trading liabilities ...............................................
207,025
 
-
 
-
 
-
 
-
Financial liabilities designated at fair value .........
18,689
 
1,967
 
3,223
 
39,554
 
64,144
Derivatives ........................................................
269,554
 
456
 
1,684
 
6,099
 
1,638
Debt securities in issue .......................................
2,528
 
35,401
 
33,695
 
46,141
 
6,526
Subordinated liabilities ........................................
55
 
391
 
2,687
 
11,871
 
44,969
Liabilities of disposal groups held for sale ...........
1,011
 
241
 
229
 
66
 
5
Other financial liabilities ....................................
30,985
 
30,465
 
6,335
 
2,310
 
1,295
                   
 
1,720,321
 
400,555
 
123,007
 
124,380
 
119,989
Loan and other credit-related commitments ......
377,352
 
79,599
 
55,124
 
59,747
 
16,872
Financial guarantees and similar contracts ..........
18,039
 
4,796
 
12,040
 
7,479
 
3,988
                   
 
2,115,712
 
484,950
 
190,171
 
191,606
 
140,849
At 31 December 2012
                 
Deposits by banks ..............................................
45,290
 
51,321
 
4,495
 
11,718
 
789
Customer accounts .............................................
1,035,636
 
229,642
 
62,650
 
17,508
 
720
Trading liabilities ...............................................
304,564
 
-
 
-
 
-
 
-
Financial liabilities designated at fair value .........
7,778
 
1,211
 
7,825
 
42,683
 
62,279
Derivatives ........................................................
351,367
 
355
 
995
 
4,785
 
1,855
Debt securities in issue .......................................
64
 
37,938
 
37,167
 
45,433
 
6,034
Subordinated liabilities ........................................
7
 
386
 
1,149
 
9,058
 
46,322
Liabilities of disposal groups held for sale ...........
1,416
 
993
 
707
 
201
 
24
Other financial liabilities ....................................
26,963
 
31,557
 
5,381
 
3,467
 
829
                   
 
1,773,085
 
353,403
 
120,369
 
134,853
 
118,852
Loan and other credit-related commitments ......
375,818
 
76,394
 
51,330
 
57,506
 
18,421
Financial guarantees and similar contracts ..........
14,321
 
5,506
 
12,104
 
9,266
 
3,796
                   
 
2,163,224
 
435,303
 
183,803
 
201,625
 
141,069
 

 
 

 
HSBC Holdings
(Audited)
 
Liquidity Risk in HSBC Holdings is overseen by the HSBC Holdings Asset and Liability Committee ('HALCO'). Liquidity Risk arises because of HSBC Holdings' obligation to make payments to debt holders as they fall due. The liquidity risk related to these cashflows is managed by matching debt obligations with internal loan cashflows and by maintaining an appropriate liquidity buffer that is monitored by HALCO. During 2013, HSBC Holdings issued US$2bn (2012: nil) of debt securities that qualify as capital in the UK but did not issue any senior debt (2012: US$2bn).
 
The balances in the table below do not agree directly with those on the balance sheet of HSBC Holdings as the table incorporates, on an undiscounted basis, all cash flows relating to principal and future coupon payments (except for derivatives not treated as hedging derivatives). Undiscounted cash flows payable in relation to hedging derivative liabilities are classified according to their contractual maturities. Derivatives not treated as hedging derivatives are included in the 'On demand' time bucket.
 
In addition, loan commitments and financial guarantees and similar contracts are generally not recognised on our balance sheet. The undiscounted cash flows potentially payable under financial guarantees and similar contracts are classified on the basis of the earliest date on which they can be called.
 
 

 
 

 
Cash flows payable by HSBC Holdings under financial liabilities by remaining contractual maturities
(Audited)
 
 
On
demand
 
Due within
3 months
 
Due between
3 and 12 months
 
Due between
1 and 5 years
 
Due after 5 years
 
US$m
 
US$m
 
US$m
 
US$m
 
US$m
At 31 December 2013
                 
Amounts owed to HSBC undertakings ..............
2,053
 
1,759
 
2,315
 
857
 
5,654
Financial liabilities designated at fair value ......
-
 
299
 
671
 
4,921
 
26,518
Derivatives .....................................................
704
 
-
 
-
 
-
 
-
Debt securities in issue .....................................
-
 
37
 
1,780
 
279
 
1,451
Subordinated liabilities .....................................
-
 
225
 
676
 
5,699
 
24,812
Other financial liabilities .................................
-
 
885
 
284
 
-
 
-
                   
 
2,757
 
3,205
 
5,726
 
11,756
 
58,435
                   
Loan commitments .........................................
1,245
 
-
 
-
 
-
 
-
Financial guarantees and similar contracts .......
52,836
 
-
 
-
 
-
 
-
                   
 
56,838
 
3,205
 
5,726
 
11,756
 
58,435
                   
At 31 December 2012
                 
Amounts owed to HSBC undertakings ..............
3,032
 
604
 
1,096
 
1,918
 
7,570
Financial liabilities designated at fair value ......
-
 
269
 
807
 
5,345
 
31,970
Derivatives .....................................................
760
 
-
 
-
 
-
 
-
Debt securities in issue .....................................
-
 
36
 
107
 
1,946
 
1,487
Subordinated liabilities .....................................
-
 
205
 
614
 
3,273
 
25,049
Other financial liabilities .................................
-
 
394
 
211
 
-
 
-
                   
 
3,792
 
1,508
 
2,835
 
12,482
 
66,076
                   
Loan commitments .........................................
1,200
 
-
 
-
 
-
 
-
Financial guarantees and similar contracts .......
49,402
 
-
 
-
 
-
 
-
                   
 
54,394
 
1,508
 
2,835
 
12,482
 
66,076
 

 

 
 
 
 
SIGNATURE
 
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
 
 HSBC Holdings plc
 
 
 
 
 
                                                       By:
 
                                                                                       Name: Ben J S Mathews
 
                                                                                                 Title: Group Company Secretary
                     
                                                                                 Date: 25 March 2014