Edgar Filing: GeoVax Labs, Inc.

govx20160310_posam.htm

Filed pursuant to Rule 424(b)(1)

Registration No. 333-180535

PROSPECTUS

GEOVAX LABS, INC.

Up to 2,690,666 Shares of Common Stock

This prospectus relates to up to 2,690,666 shares of common stock, $0.001 par value, of GeoVax Labs, Inc. that may be sold from time to time by the selling stockholders named in this prospectus, which reflects up to 2,690,666 shares of common stock issuable to the selling stockholders upon the exercise of Series A and C Warrants.

The prices at which the selling stockholders may sell the shares will be determined by the prevailing market price for the shares or in negotiated transactions. The shares included in this prospectus may be reoffered and sold directly by the selling stockholders in accordance with one or more of the methods described in the plan of distribution, which begins on page 54 of this prospectus.

We will not receive any proceeds from the sales of outstanding shares of common stock by the selling stockholders, but we will receive funds from the exercise of Series A or C Warrants held by the selling stockholders, to the extent they are exercised for cash.

Our common stock is registered under Section 12(g) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and quoted on the over-the-counter market under the symbol “GOVX.” On March 9, 2016, the last reported sale price for our common stock as reported on the over-the-counter market was $0.07 per share.

This prospectus may only be used where it is legal to offer and sell the shares covered by this prospectus. We have not taken any action to register or obtain permission for this offering or the distribution of this prospectus in any country other than the United States.

Investing in the common stock involves a high degree of risk. See “Risk Factors” beginning on page 3 for a discussion of these risks.

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

The date of this Prospectus is March 31, 2016

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PROSPECTUS SUMMARY	1

COMPANY OVERVIEW	1

RISK FACTORS	3

SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS	11

USE OF PROCEEDS	12

MARKET FOR OUR COMMON STOCK AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS	12

BUSINESS	13

AVAILABLE INFORMATION	27

SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA	28

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS	28

SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF PRINCIPAL STOCKHOLDERS, DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS	36

DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS	37

EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION	39

DIRECTOR COMPENSATION	43

CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS	44

SELLING STOCKHOLDERS	46

DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES	48

DISCLOSURE OF COMMISSION POSITION ON INDEMNIFICATION FOR SECURITIES ACT LIABILITIES	53

PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION	54

LEGAL MATTERS	55

EXPERTS	55

WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION	55

INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS	F-1

You should rely only on the information contained in this prospectus and any free-writing prospectus prepared by or on behalf of us or to which we have referred you. We have not authorized anyone to provide you with additional or different information. The information contained in this prospectus is accurate only as of the date of this prospectus, regardless of the time of delivery of this prospectus or of any sale of our securities. Unless the context otherwise requires, references to “we,” “our,” “us,” or the “Company” mean GeoVax Labs, Inc.

We obtained industry and market data used throughout this prospectus through our research, surveys and studies conducted by third parties and industry and general publications. We have not independently verified market and industry data from third-party sources.

PROSPECTUS SUMMARY

The following is only a summary. We urge you to read the entire prospectus, including the more detailed consolidated financial statements, notes to the consolidated financial statements and other information included. Investing in our securities involves risks. Therefore, please carefully consider the information provided under the heading “Risk Factors” starting on page 3. You should not invest unless you can afford to lose your entire investment.

COMPANY OVERVIEW

GeoVax Labs, Inc. (“GeoVax” or the “Company”) is a clinical-stage biotechnology company developing human vaccines against infectious diseases using our MVA-VLP vaccine platform. Our platform supports in vivo expression of non-infectious virus-like particles (VLPs) from the cells of the person receiving the vaccine. VLPs work by displaying the virus’ surface glycoproteins which in turn train the person’s immune system to recognize and destroy the actual virus and virus-infected cells to block infection. The production of VLPs in the person being vaccinated mimics a natural infection, stimulating both the humoral and cellular arms of the immune system to recognize, prevent and control the target infection should it appear.

Our current development programs are focused on vaccines against Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Zika virus, and hemorrhagic fever viruses (Ebola, Marburg, Lassa Fever), as well as for use in cancer immunotherapy. We believe our technology and vaccine development expertise are well-suited for a variety of human infectious diseases and we intend to pursue expansion of our product pipeline.

Our most advanced HIV vaccine program is focused on the clade B subtype of HIV prevalent in the Americas and Western Europe. Our preventive clade B HIV vaccine has successfully completed Phase 2a human clinical testing and we expect to enter a follow-on clinical trial in mid-2016 with support from the National Institutes of Health (NIH). We are considered the leading vaccine candidate for protection against the clade B subtype; accordingly, planning has begun for a phase 2b efficacy trial. Our vaccine has shown outstanding safety and excellent and highly reproducible immunogenicity (Journal of Infectious Diseases volume 203, pg 610 and volume 210 pg 99). We have also extended our HIV vaccine effort to the most common virus subtype affecting sub-Saharan Africa (clade C) and are conducting preclinical studies pursuant to a grant from the NIH. Our HIV vaccine technology was developed in collaboration with researchers at Emory University, the NIH, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The technology developed by the collaboration is exclusively licensed to us from Emory University. We also have nonexclusive licenses to certain patents owned by the NIH.

Our hemorrhagic fever vaccine program was initiated during 2014 with the objective of developing a tetravalent vaccine designed to protect against all major hemorrhagic fever viruses (Ebola, Marburg, Lassa) endemic in African countries. Studies of our first Ebola vaccine candidate have demonstrated 100 percent protection in rodent models. We plan to conduct additional challenge studies in non-human primates in collaboration with the NIH during 2016, with the goal of beginning human clinical trials during 2017. In February 2016 we entered into a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement for material transfer with the United States Army Research Institute of Infectious Disease (USAMRIID). This agreement provides us with access to Ebola, Marburg and Lassa fever monoclonal antibodies for in vitro vaccine characterization, with USAMRIID performing in vitro and in vivo assessment of our vaccine candidates.

In December 2015, we entered into a Collaborative Research Agreement with the University of Pittsburgh to evaluate our MVA-VLP vaccine platform for use in cancer immunotherapy, including the selection and testing of vaccine candidates. We are currently constructing our vaccine candidates and intend to conduct proof-of-concept animal studies during 2016. Cancer immunotherapy (or immuno-oncology), is a technique whereby the patient’s immune system is trained to fight solid tumors and is considered to be a very promising area of biotechnology.

In February 2016, we began a program to develop a vaccine for the prevention of Zika virus infections using our MVA-VLP vaccine platform, and we entered into a Collaborative Research Agreement with the University of Georgia (UGA) to speed development of the vaccine. Pursuant to this collaboration, we will develop vaccine antigens that elicit broadly reactive immunity against Zika viruses and UGA will test those vaccines in preclinical models. We are also collaborating with the CDC for reagents and testing of vaccines. We intend to conduct the initial proof-of-concept animal studies during the first half of 2016.

Our HIV vaccine development activities have been, and continue to be, financially supported by the U.S. government. This support has been both in the form of research grants awarded directly to us, as well as indirect support for the conduct of our human clinical trials. Government support is also being sought for our newer vaccine targets. This is discussed further under “Support from the United States Government” below.

We are incorporated under the laws of the State of Delaware. Our principal corporate offices are located at 1900 Lake Park Drive, Suite 380, Smyrna, Georgia 30080 (metropolitan Atlanta). Our telephone number is (678) 384-7220. The address of our web site is www.geovax.com. Our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and all amendments to those reports, are available to you free of charge through the “Investors” section of our web site as soon as reasonably practicable after such materials have been electronically filed with, or furnished to, the Securities and Exchange Commission. Information contained on our web site does not form a part of this prospectus.

The Offering

Common stock offered by selling stockholders

Up to 2,690,666 shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of Series A or C Warrants held by the selling stockholders. This number represents approximately 6.8% of our current outstanding common stock, on a fully diluted basis. (1)

Common stock outstanding before the offering.

37,015,401 shares (1)

Common stock outstanding after the offering, assuming all the Series A and C Warrants are exercised for cash.

39,706,067 shares (1)

Proceeds to us

We will not receive any proceeds from the sale of common stock covered by this prospectus. We will, however, receive approximately $210,000 from the exercise of the Series A and C Warrants held by the selling stockholders, if they are exercised in full for cash.

Trading Symbol

GOVX

Risk Factors

There are significant risks involved in investing in our Company. For a discussion of risk factors you should consider before buying our common stock. See “Risk Factors” beginning on page 3.

(1)	The number of shares of our common stock that will be outstanding immediately after this offering is based on 37,015,401 shares outstanding as of March 4, 2016, and includes 2,690,666 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of Series A and C Warrants, but excludes the following:

●

1,722,529 shares of common stock reserved for future issuance under our equity incentive plans. As of March 4, 2016, there were options to purchase 1,705,500 shares of our common stock outstanding under our equity incentive plans with a weighted average exercise price of $2.41 per share. We plan to seek stockholder approval in 2016 for a new equity incentive plan covering the issuance of up to 3,000,000 shares.

●

50,086,903 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of currently outstanding warrants including our Series D, E and F Warrants, as described at “Description of Securities”, and the Maxim Warrant (but not including the Series A and C Warrants) as of March 4, 2016, with a weighted average exercise price of $0.14 per share.

●

285,714 shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of outstanding SeriesB Preferred Stock.

●

30,460,662 shares of our Common Stock issuable upon conversion of our Series C Preferred Stock.

RISK FACTORS

Investing in our securities involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully review and consider the risks, uncertainties and other factors described below before you decide whether to purchase our securities. Any of these factors could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, operating results and prospects and could negatively impact the market price of our common stock, and you may lose some or all of your investment. The risks and uncertainties described below are not the only ones facing our Company. Additional risks and uncertainties that we are unaware of, or that we currently deem immaterial, may also impair our business operations. You should also refer to the information contained in this prospectus, including our financial statements and the related notes.

Risks Related to Our Business

We have a history of operating losses, and we expect losses to continue for the foreseeable future.

We have had no product revenue to date and there can be no assurance that we will ever generate any product revenue. We have experienced operating losses since we began operations in 2001. As of December 31, 2015, we had an accumulated deficit of approximately $32.5 million. We expect to incur additional operating losses and expect cumulative losses to increase as our research and development, pre-clinical, clinical, manufacturing and marketing efforts expand. Our ability to generate revenue and achieve profitability depends on our ability to successfully complete the development of our product candidates, conduct pre-clinical tests and clinical trials, obtain the necessary regulatory approvals, and manufacture and market the resulting products. Unless we are able to successfully meet these challenges, we will not be profitable and may not remain in business.

Our business will require continued funding. If we do not receive adequate funding, we will not be able to continue our operations.

To date, we have financed our operations principally through the private placement of our equity securities and through NIH grants. We will require substantial additional financing at various intervals for our operations, including clinical trials, operating expenses, intellectual property protection and enforcement, for pursuit of regulatory approvals, and for establishing or contracting out manufacturing, marketing and sales functions. There is no assurance that such additional funding will be available on terms acceptable to us or at all. If we are not able to secure the significant funding that is required to maintain and continue our operations at current levels, or at levels that may be required in the future, we may be required to delay clinical studies or clinical trials, curtail operations, or obtain funds through collaborative arrangements that may require us to relinquish rights to some of our products or potential markets.

The costs of conducting all of our human clinical trials to date for our preventive HIV vaccine have been borne by the HIV Vaccine Trials Network (HVTN), with funding by the NIH, and we expect NIH support for additional clinical trials. GeoVax incurs costs associated with manufacturing the clinical vaccine supplies and other study support. We cannot predict the level of support we will receive from the HVTN or the NIH for any additional clinical trials of our HIV vaccines.

Our operations are also partially supported by the NIH grants awarded to us to support our HIV/AIDS vaccine program. As of December 31, 2015, there was approximately $100,500 of unused grant funds remaining and available for use during the first half of 2016. We are pursuing additional grants from the federal government for our HIV, hemorrhagic fever, and Zika virus vaccine programs. However, as we progress to the later stages of our vaccine development activities, government financial support may be more difficult to obtain, or may not be available at all. Furthermore, there is some risk that actual funding for grants could be delayed, cut back, or eliminated due to government budget constraints. Therefore, it will be necessary for us to look to other sources of funding in order to finance our development activities.

We expect that our current working capital, combined with proceeds from the grants awarded to us from the NIH will be sufficient to support our planned level of operations into the third quarter of 2016. We will need to raise additional funds to significantly advance our vaccine development programs and to continue our operations. In order to meet our operating cash flow requirements we plan to seek sources of non-dilutive capital through government grant programs and clinical trial support. We may also plan additional offerings of our equity securities, debt, or convertible debt instruments. Should the financing we require to sustain our working capital needs be unavailable or prohibitively expensive when we require it, the consequences could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, financial condition and prospects.

Risks Related to Development and Commercialization of Product Candidates and Dependence on Third Parties

Our products are still being developed and are unproven. These products may not be successful

To become profitable, we must generate revenue through sales of our products. However, our products are in varying stages of development and testing. Our products have not been proven in human clinical trials and have not been approved by any government agency for sale. If we cannot successfully develop and prove our products and processes, or if we do not develop other sources of revenue, we will not become profitable and at some point we would discontinue operations.

Whether we are successful will be dependent, in part, upon the leadership provided by our management. If we were to lose the services of any of these individuals, our business and operations may be adversely affected. Further, we may not carry key man life insurance on certain of our executive officers or directors.

Whether our business will be successful will be dependent, in part, upon the leadership provided by our officers, particularly our President and Chief Executive Officer, our Chief Scientific Officer, and our Senior Vice President, Research and Development. The loss of the services of these individuals may have an adverse effect on our operations. Although we carry some key man life insurance on Dr. Harriet L. Robinson, the amount of such coverage may not be sufficient to offset any adverse economic effects on our operations and we do not carry key man insurance on any of our other executive officers or directors. Further, our employees, including our executive officers and directors, are not subject to any covenants not to compete against the Company, and our business could be adversely affected if any of our employees or directors engaged in an enterprise competitive with the Company.

Regulatory and legal uncertainties could result in significant costs or otherwise harm our business.

To manufacture and sell our products, we must comply with extensive domestic and international regulation. In order to sell our products in the United States, approval from the FDA is required. Satisfaction of regulatory requirements, including FDA requirements, typically takes many years, and if approval is obtained at all, it is dependent upon the type, complexity and novelty of the product, and requires the expenditure of substantial resources. We cannot predict whether our products will be approved by the FDA. Even if they are approved, we cannot predict the time frame for approval. Foreign regulatory requirements differ from jurisdiction to jurisdiction and may, in some cases, be more stringent or difficult to meet than FDA requirements. As with the FDA, we cannot predict if or when we may obtain these regulatory approvals. If we cannot demonstrate that our products can be used safely and successfully in a broad segment of the patient population on a long-term basis, our products would likely be denied approval by the FDA and the regulatory agencies of foreign governments.

We face intense competition and rapid technological change that could result in products that are superior to the products we will be commercializing or developing.

The market for vaccines that protect against or treat human infectious diseases is intensely competitive and is subject to rapid and significant technological change. We have numerous competitors in the United States and abroad, including, among others, large companies with substantially greater resources than us. These competitors may develop technologies and products that are more effective or less costly than any of our future technology or products or that could render our technology or products obsolete or noncompetitive. If our technology or products are not competitive, we may not be able to remain in business.

Our product candidates are based on new medical technology and, consequently, are inherently risky. Concerns about the safety and efficacy of our products could limit our future success.

We are subject to the risks of failure inherent in the development of product candidates based on new medical technologies. These risks include the possibility that the products we create will not be effective, that our product candidates will be unsafe or otherwise fail to receive the necessary regulatory approvals, and that our product candidates will be hard to manufacture on a large scale or will be uneconomical to market.

Many pharmaceutical products cause multiple potential complications and side effects, not all of which can be predicted with accuracy and many of which may vary from patient to patient. Long term follow-up data may reveal additional complications associated with our products. The responses of potential physicians and others to information about complications could materially affect the market acceptance of our products, which in turn would materially harm our business.

We may experience delays in our clinical trials that could adversely affect our financial results and our commercial prospects.

We do not know whether planned clinical trials will begin on time or whether we will complete any of our clinical trials on schedule, if at all. Product development costs will increase if we have delays in testing or approvals or if we need to perform more or larger clinical trials than planned. Significant delays may adversely affect our financial results and the commercial prospects for our products, and delay our ability to become profitable.

We rely heavily on the HVTN, independent clinical investigators, and other third party service providers for successful execution of our clinical trials, but do not control many aspects of their activities. We are responsible for ensuring that each of our clinical trials is conducted in accordance with the general investigational plan and protocols for the trial. Moreover, the FDA requires us to comply with standards, commonly referred to as Good Clinical Practices, for conducting, recording, and reporting the results of clinical trials to assure that data and reported results are credible and accurate and that the rights, integrity and confidentiality of trial participants are protected. Our reliance on third parties that we do not control does not relieve us of these responsibilities and requirements. Third parties may not complete activities on schedule, or may not conduct our clinical trials in accordance with regulatory requirements or our stated protocols. The failure of these third parties to carry out their obligations could delay or prevent the development, approval and commercialization of our product candidates. There is also a risk of changes in clinical trial strategy and timelines due to the HVTN and the NIH altering their trial strategy.

Failure to obtain timely regulatory approvals required to exploit the commercial potential of our products could increase our future development costs or impair our future sales.

None of our vaccines are approved by the FDA for sale in the United States or by other regulatory authorities for sale in foreign countries. To exploit the commercial potential of our technologies, we are conducting and planning to conduct additional pre-clinical studies and clinical trials. This process is expensive and can require a significant amount of time. Failure can occur at any stage of testing, even if the results are favorable. Failure to adequately demonstrate safety and efficacy in clinical trials could delay or preclude regulatory approval and restrict our ability to commercialize our technology or products. Any such failure may severely harm our business. In addition, any approvals we obtain may not cover all of the clinical indications for which approval is sought, or may contain significant limitations in the form of narrow indications, warnings, precautions or contraindications with respect to conditions of use, or in the form of onerous risk management plans, restrictions on distribution, or post-approval study requirements.

State pharmaceutical marketing compliance and reporting requirements may expose us to regulatory and legal action by state governments or other government authorities.

Several states have enacted legislation requiring pharmaceutical companies to establish marketing compliance programs and file periodic reports on sales, marketing, pricing and other activities. Similar legislation is being considered in other states. Many of these requirements are new and uncertain, and available guidance is limited. Unless we are in full compliance with these laws, we could face enforcement action, fines, and other penalties and could receive adverse publicity, all of which could harm our business.

We may be subject to new federal and state legislation to submit information on our open and completed clinical trials to public registries and databases.

In 1997, a public registry of open clinical trials involving drugs intended to treat serious or life-threatening diseases or conditions was established under the FDA Modernization Act (FDMA), to promote public awareness of and access to these clinical trials. Under the FDMA, pharmaceutical manufacturers and other trial sponsors are required to post the general purpose of these trials, as well as the eligibility criteria, location and contact information of the trials. Since the establishment of this registry, there has been significant public debate focused on broadening the types of trials included in this or other registries, as well as providing for public access to clinical trial results. A voluntary coalition of medical journal editors has adopted a resolution to publish results only from those trials that have been registered with a no-cost, publicly accessible database, such as www.clinicaltrials.gov. Federal legislation was introduced in the fall of 2004 to expand www.clinicaltrials.gov and to require the inclusion of trial results in this registry. The Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America also issued voluntary principles for its members to make results from certain clinical trials publicly available and established a website for this purpose. Other groups have adopted or are considering similar proposals for clinical trial registration and the posting of clinical trial results. Failure to comply with any clinical trial posting requirements could expose us to negative publicity, fines and other penalties, all of which could materially harm our business.

Recently enacted and future legislation may increase the difficulty and cost for us to obtain marketing approval of and commercialize our drug candidates and affect the prices we may obtain.

In the United States and some foreign jurisdictions, there have been a number of legislative and regulatory changes and proposed changes regarding the healthcare system that could prevent or delay marketing approval of our drug candidates, restrict or regulate post-approval activities and affect our ability to profitably sell any drug candidates for which we obtain marketing approval.

Among policy makers and payors in the United States and elsewhere, there is significant interest in promoting changes in healthcare systems with the stated goals of containing healthcare costs, improving quality and expanding access. In the United States, the pharmaceutical industry has been a particular focus of these efforts and has been significantly affected by major legislative initiatives. In March 2010, President Obama signed into law the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, as amended by the Health Care and Education Affordability Reconciliation Act, or collectively the PPACA, a sweeping law intended to broaden access to health insurance, reduce or constrain the growth of healthcare spending, enhance remedies against fraud and abuse, add new transparency requirements for the healthcare and health insurance industries, impose new taxes and fees on the health industry and impose additional health policy reforms.

Among the provisions of the PPACA of importance to our potential drug candidates are:

●	an annual, nondeductible fee on any entity that manufactures or imports specified branded prescription drugs and biologic agents, apportioned among these entities according to their market share in certain government healthcare programs;

●	an increase in the statutory minimum rebates a manufacturer must pay under the Medicaid Drug Rebate Program to 23.1% and 13.0% of the average manufacturer price for branded and generic drugs, respectively;

●	expansion of healthcare fraud and abuse laws, including the False Claims Act and the Anti-Kickback Statute, new government investigative powers and enhanced penalties for non-compliance;

●

a new Medicare Part D coverage gap discount program, in which manufacturers must agree to offer 50% point-of-sale discounts off negotiated prices of applicable brand drugs to eligible beneficiaries during their coverage gap period, as a condition for a manufacturer’s outpatient drugs to be covered under Medicare Part D;

●	extension of a manufacturer’s Medicaid rebate liability to covered drugs dispensed to individuals who are enrolled in Medicaid managed care organizations;

●

expansion of eligibility criteria for Medicaid programs by, among other things, allowing states to offer Medicaid coverage to additional individuals and by adding new mandatory eligibility categories for certain individuals with income at or below 133% of the federal poverty level beginning in 2014, thereby potentially increasing a manufacturer’s Medicaid rebate liability;

●	expansion of the entities eligible for discounts under the Public Health Service pharmaceutical pricing program;

●	the new requirements under the federal Open Payments program and its implementing regulations;

●	a new requirement to annually report drug samples that manufacturers and distributors provide to physicians; and

●	a new Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute to oversee, identify priorities in, and conduct comparative clinical effectiveness research, along with funding for such research.

In addition, other legislative changes have been proposed and adopted since the PPACA was enacted. These changes include aggregate reductions to Medicare payments to providers of up to 2% per fiscal year, starting in 2013. On March 1, 2013, the President signed an executive order implementing the 2% Medicare payment reductions, and on April 1, 2013, these reductions went into effect. In January 2013, President Obama signed into law the American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012, which, among other things, reduced Medicare payments to several providers and increased the statute of limitations period for the government to recover overpayments to providers from three to five years. These new laws may result in additional reductions in Medicare and other healthcare funding, which could have a material adverse effect on customers for our drugs, if approved, and, accordingly, our financial operations.

We expect that the PPACA, as well as other healthcare reform measures that may be adopted in the future, may result in more rigorous coverage criteria and in additional downward pressure on the price that we receive for any approved drug. Any reduction in reimbursement from Medicare or other government-funded programs may result in a similar reduction in payments from private payers. The implementation of cost containment measures or other healthcare reforms may prevent us from being able to generate revenue, attain profitability or commercialize our drugs.

Legislative and regulatory proposals have been made to expand post-approval requirements and restrict sales and promotional activities for drugs. We cannot be sure whether additional legislative changes will be enacted, or whether the FDA regulations, guidance or interpretations will be changed, or what the impact of such changes on the marketing approvals of our drug candidates, if any, may be. In addition, increased scrutiny by the U.S. Congress of the FDA’s approval process may significantly delay or prevent marketing approval, as well as subject us to more stringent product labeling and post-marketing testing and other requirements.

We may not be successful in establishing collaborations for product candidates we may seek to commercialize, which could adversely affect our ability to discover, develop, and commercialize products.

We expect to seek collaborations for the development and commercialization of product candidates in the future. The timing and terms of any collaboration will depend on the evaluation by prospective collaborators of the clinical trial results and other aspects of our vaccine’s safety and efficacy profile. If we are unable to reach agreements with suitable collaborators for any product candidate, we will be forced to fund the entire development and commercialization of such product candidates, ourselves, and we may not have the resources to do so. If resource constraints require us to enter into a collaboration agreement early in the development of a product candidate, we may be forced to accept a more limited share of any revenues this product may eventually generate. We face significant competition in seeking appropriate collaborators. Moreover, these collaboration arrangements are complex and time-consuming to negotiate and document. We may not be successful in our efforts to establish collaborations or other alternative arrangements for any product candidate. Even if we are successful in establishing collaborations, we may not be able to ensure fulfillment by collaborators of their obligations or our expectations.

We do not have manufacturing, sales or marketing experience.

We do not have experience in manufacturing, selling, or marketing vaccines. To obtain the expertise necessary to successfully manufacture, market, and sell our vaccines, we will require the development of our own commercial infrastructure and/or collaborative commercial arrangements and partnerships. Our ability to execute our current operating plan is dependent on numerous factors, including, the performance of third party collaborators with whom we may contract.

Our vaccines under development may not gain market acceptance.

Our vaccines may not gain market acceptance among physicians, patients, healthcare payers and the medical community. Significant factors in determining whether we will be able to compete successfully include:

●	the efficacy and safety of our vaccines;

●	the time and scope of regulatory approval;

●	reimbursement coverage from insurance companies and others;

●	the price and cost-effectiveness of our products; and

●	the ability to maintain patent protection.

We may be required to defend lawsuits or pay damages for product liability claims.

Product liability is a major risk in testing and marketing biotechnology and pharmaceutical products. We may face substantial product liability exposure in human clinical trials and for products that we sell after regulatory approval. We carry product liability insurance and we expect to continue such policies. However, product liability claims, regardless of their merits, could exceed policy limits, divert management’s attention, and adversely affect our reputation and the demand for our products.

Risks Related to Our Intellectual Property

We could lose our license rights to our important intellectual property if we do not fulfill our contractual obligations to our licensors.

Our rights to significant parts of the technology we use in our vaccines are licensed from third parties and are subject to termination if we do not fulfill our contractual obligations to our licensors. Termination of intellectual property rights under any of our license agreements could adversely impact our ability to produce or protect our vaccines. Our obligations under our license agreements include requirements that we make milestone payments to our licensors upon the achievement of clinical development and regulatory approval milestones, royalties as we sell commercial products, and reimbursement of patent filing and maintenance expenses. Should we become bankrupt or otherwise unable to fulfill our contractual obligations, our licensors could terminate our rights to critical technology that we rely upon.

Other parties may claim that we infringe their intellectual property or proprietary rights, which could cause us to incur significant expenses or prevent us from selling products.

Our success will depend in part on our ability to operate without infringing the patents and proprietary rights of third parties. The manufacture, use and sale of new products have been subject to substantial patent rights litigation in the pharmaceutical industry. These lawsuits generally relate to the validity and infringement of patents or proprietary rights of third parties. Infringement litigation is prevalent with respect to generic versions of products for which the patent covering the brand name product is expiring, particularly since many companies that market generic products focus their development efforts on products with expiring patents. Pharmaceutical companies, biotechnology companies, universities, research institutions or other third parties may have filed patent applications or may have been granted patents that cover aspects of our products or our licensors’ products, product candidates or other technologies.

Future or existing patents issued to third parties may contain patent claims that conflict with our products. We expect to be subject to infringement claims from time to time in the ordinary course of business, and third parties could assert infringement claims against us in the future with respect to our current products or with respect to products that we may develop or license. Litigation or interference proceedings could force us to:

●	stop or delay selling, manufacturing or using products that incorporate, or are made using the challenged intellectual property;

●	pay damages; or

●	enter into licensing or royalty agreements that may not be available on acceptable terms, if at all.

Any litigation or interference proceedings, regardless of their outcome, would likely delay the regulatory approval process, be costly and require significant time and attention of our key management and technical personnel.

Any inability to protect intellectual property rights in the United States and foreign countries could limit our ability to manufacture or sell products.

We will rely on trade secrets, unpatented proprietary know-how, continuing technological innovation and, in some cases, patent protection to preserve our competitive position. Our patents and licensed patent rights may be challenged, invalidated, infringed or circumvented, and the rights granted in those patents may not provide proprietary protection or competitive advantages to us. We and our licensors may not be able to develop patentable products. Even if patent claims are allowed, the claims may not issue, or in the event of issuance, may not be sufficient to protect the technology owned by or licensed to us. If patents containing competitive or conflicting claims are issued to third parties, we may be prevented from commercializing the products covered by such patents, or may be required to obtain or develop alternate technology. In addition, other parties may duplicate, design around or independently develop similar or alternative technologies.

We may not be able to prevent third parties from infringing or using our intellectual property, and the parties from whom we may license intellectual property may not be able to prevent third parties from infringing or using the licensed intellectual property. We generally will attempt to control and limit access to, and the distribution of, our product documentation and other proprietary information. Despite efforts to protect this proprietary information, unauthorized parties may obtain and use information that we may regard as proprietary. Other parties may independently develop similar know-how or may even obtain access to these technologies.

The laws of some foreign countries do not protect proprietary information to the same extent as the laws of the United States, and many companies have encountered significant problems and costs in protecting their proprietary information in these foreign countries.

Neither the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office nor the courts have established a consistent policy regarding the breadth of claims allowed in pharmaceutical patents. The allowance of broader claims may increase the incidence and cost of patent interference proceedings and the risk of infringement litigation. On the other hand, the allowance of narrower claims may limit the value of our proprietary rights.

Risks Related To This Offering and Our Securities

The market price of our common stock is highly volatile.

The market price of our common stock has been, and is expected to continue to be, highly volatile. Certain factors, including announcements of new developments by us or other companies, regulatory matters, new or existing medicines or procedures, concerns about our financial position, operating results, litigation, government regulation, developments or disputes relating to agreements, patents or proprietary rights, may have a significant impact on the market price of our stock. In addition, potential dilutive effects of future sales of shares of common stock by us, and subsequent sales of common stock by the holders of warrants and options could have an adverse effect on the market price of our shares.

Our common stock does not have a vigorous trading market and investors may not be able to sell their securities when desired.

We have a limited active public market for our common shares. A more active public market, allowing investors to buy and sell large quantities of our common stock, may never develop. Consequently, investors may not be able to liquidate their investments in the event of an emergency or for any other reason.

We have never paid dividends and have no plans to do so.

Holders of shares of our common stock are entitled to receive such dividends as may be declared by our Board of Directors. To date, we have paid no cash dividends on our shares of common stock and we do not expect to pay cash dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future. We intend to retain future earnings, if any, to provide funds for operations of our business. Therefore, any potential return investors may have in our common stock will be in the form of appreciation, if any, in the market value of their shares of common stock.

If we fail to maintain an effective system of internal controls, we may not be able to accurately report our financial results or prevent fraud.

We are subject to reporting obligations under the United States securities laws. The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) as required by the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, adopted rules requiring every public company to include a management report on such company’s internal controls over financial reporting in its annual report. Effective internal controls are necessary for us to produce reliable financial reports and are important to help prevent fraud. As a result, our failure to achieve and maintain effective internal controls over financial reporting could result in the loss of investor confidence in the reliability of our financial statements, which in turn could negatively impact the trading price of our stock.

If we fail to remain current in our reporting requirements, our securities could be removed from the OTC Market, which would limit the ability of broker-dealers to sell our securities and the ability of stockholders to sell their securities in the secondary market.

United States companies trading on the OTC Market must be reporting issuers under Section 12 of the Exchange Act, and must be current in their reports under Section 13. If we fail to remain current on our reporting requirements, we could be removed from the OTC Market. As a result, the market liquidity for our securities could be severely adversely affected by limiting the ability of broker-dealers to sell our securities and the ability of stockholders to sell their securities in the secondary market.

We expect to need additional capital, and the sale of additional shares or other equity securities could result in additional dilution to our stockholders.

We believe that our current cash and cash equivalents, combined with anticipated cash flow from our NIH grants will be sufficient to meet our anticipated cash needs into the third quarter of 2016. In order to meet our operating cash flow requirements we plan additional offerings of our equity securities, debt, or convertible debt instruments. The sale of additional equity securities could result in additional dilution to our stockholders. Certain equity securities, such as convertible preferred stock or warrants, may contain anti-dilution provisions which could result in the issuance of additional shares at lower prices if we sell other shares below specified prices. The incurrence of indebtedness would result in debt service obligations and could result in operating and financing covenants that would restrict our operations. We cannot assure investors that financing will be available in amounts or on terms acceptable to us, if at all.

Our directors and executive officers beneficially own a significant amount of our common stock and will be able to exercise significant influence on matters requiring stockholder approval.

As of March 4, 2016, our directors and executive officers collectively beneficially own approximately 7.6% of our common stock and Emory University beneficially owns 12.5%. If our directors and executive officers move to act in concert with Emory University, they may be able to exert significant influence over the election of directors and the outcome of most corporate actions requiring stockholder approval and our business, which may have the effect of delaying or precluding a third party from acquiring control of us.

The exercise of options or warrants or conversion of our Series B or Series C Preferred Stock may depress our stock price and may result in significant dilution to our common stockholders.

There are a significant number of outstanding warrants and options to purchase our stock and we have issued Series B and Series C Convertible Preferred Stock that is convertible into our Common Stock. If the market price of our Common Stock exceeds the exercise price of outstanding warrants and options or the conversion prices of the Series B or Series C Convertible Preferred Stock, holders of those securities may be likely to exercise their warrants and options or convert their preferred shares and sell the Common Stock acquired upon exercise or conversion of such securities, as applicable, in the open market. Sales of a substantial number of shares of our Common Stock in the public market by holders of warrants, options, or preferred shares may depress the prevailing market price for our Common Stock and could impair our ability to raise capital through the future sale of our equity securities. Additionally, if the holders of outstanding options, warrants, or preferred shares exercise those options or warrants or convert those preferred shares, as applicable, our common stockholders will incur dilution in their relative percentage ownership. The prospect of this possible dilution may also impact the price of our Common Stock.

Our outstanding options and warrants include warrants to purchase up to 33,333,332 shares with an exercise price of $0.11299 per share, warrants to purchase up to 1,207,332 shares with an exercise price of $0.09416 per share, and warrants to purchase up to 15,818,745 shares with an effective exercise price of $0.065 per share. These warrants contain anti-dilution provisions, which may, under certain circumstances, reduce the exercise price (but have no effect on the number of shares subject to the warrants) to match if we sell or grant options to purchase, including rights to reprice, our common stock or common stock equivalents at a price lower than the exercise price of the warrants, or if we announce plans to do so. This potential reduction in exercise price could reduce the funds the Company receives upon exercise of the warrants, and increase the likelihood that a dilutive issuance will occur.

Our common stock is and likely will remain subject to the SEC’s “penny stock” rules, which make it more difficult to sell.

Our common stock is currently and may remain classified as a “penny stock.” The SEC rules regarding penny stocks may have the effect of reducing trading activity in our shares, making it more difficult for investors to sell. Under these rules, broker-dealers who recommend such securities to persons other than institutional accredited investors must:

•	make a special written suitability determination for the purchaser;

•	receive the purchaser’s written agreement to a transaction prior to sale;

•	provide the purchaser with risk disclosure documents which identify certain risks associated with investing in “penny stocks” and which describe the market for these “penny stocks” as well as a purchaser’s legal remedies;

•	obtain a signed and dated acknowledgment from the purchaser demonstrating that the purchaser has received the required risk disclosure document before a transaction in a “penny stock” can be completed; and

•	give bid and offer quotations and broker and salesperson compensation information to the customer orally or in writing before or with the confirmation.

These rules make it more difficult for broker-dealers to effectuate customer transactions and trading activity in our securities and may result in a lower trading volume of our common stock and lower trading prices.

Certain provisions of our certificate of incorporation which authorize the issuance of additional shares of preferred stock may make it more difficult for a third party to effect a change in control.

Our certificate of incorporation authorizes our Board of Directors to issue up to 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock. We have issued 100 shares of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock and 2,868 shares of our Series C Convertible Preferred Stock. We believe the terms of these preferred shares would not have a substantial impact on the ability of a third party to effect a change in control. The remaining shares of preferred stock may be issued in one or more series, the terms of which may be determined at the time of issuance by our Board of Directors without further action by the stockholders. These terms may include voting rights including the right to vote as a series on particular matters, preferences as to dividends and liquidation, conversion rights, redemption rights and sinking fund provisions. The issuance of any preferred stock could diminish the rights of holders of our common stock, and therefore could reduce the value of our common stock. In addition, specific rights granted to future holders of preferred stock could be used to restrict our ability to merge with, or sell assets to, a third party. The ability of our Board of Directors to issue preferred stock could make it more difficult, delay, discourage, prevent or make it more costly to acquire or effect a change-in-control, which in turn could prevent the stockholders from recognizing a gain in the event that a favorable offer is extended and could materially and negatively affect the market price of our common stock.

Provisions contained in certain of our outstanding warrants may make it more difficult for a third party to effect a change in control.

Our outstanding warrants include warrants to purchase up to 50,359,409 shares which contain provisions permitting the holders to require the payment to them of an amount of cash equal to the value (based on a Black-Scholes computation) of the remaining unexercised portion of the warrants on the date of the consummation of a fundamental transaction (as defined, but generally a change in control of the Company) that is (i) an all cash transaction, (ii) a “going private” transaction, or (ii) a transaction involving a person or entity not traded on a national securities exchange. The prospect of making such payments may discourage a potential third party acquirer.

SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This prospectus contains forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements relate to future events or our future financial performance. We generally identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “expects,” “plans,” “anticipates,” “could,” “intends,” “target,” “projects,” “contemplates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “predicts,” “potential” or “continue” or the negative of these terms or other similar words, although not all forward-looking statements contain these words. Forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements regarding our or our management’s expectations, hopes, beliefs, intentions or strategies regarding the future, such as our estimates regarding anticipated operating losses, future performance, future revenues and projected expenses; our liquidity and our expectations regarding our needs for and ability to raise additional capital; our ability to manage our expenses effectively and raise the funds needed to continue our business; our ability to retain the services of our current executive officers, directors and principal consultants; our ability to obtain and maintain regulatory approval of our existing products and any future products we may develop; the initiation, timing, progress and results of our preclinical and clinical trials, research and development programs; regulatory and legislative developments in the United States and foreign countries; the timing, costs and other limitations involved in obtaining regulatory approval for any product; the further preclinical or clinical development and commercialization of our product candidates; the potential benefits of our product candidates over other therapies; our ability to enter into any collaboration with respect to product candidates; the performance of our third-party manufacturers; our ability to obtain and maintain intellectual property protection for our products and operate our business without infringing upon the intellectual property rights of others; the successful development of our sales and marketing capabilities; the size and growth of the potential markets for our products and our ability to serve those markets; the rate and degree of market acceptance of any future products; our reliance on key scientific management or personnel; the payment and reimbursement methods used by private or governmental third-party payers; and other factors discussed elsewhere in this prospectus or any document incorporated by reference herein or therein.

The words “believe,” “may,” “will,” “estimate,” “continue,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “expect,” “plan” and similar expressions may identify forward-looking statements, but the absence of these words does not mean that a statement is not forward-looking. The forward-looking statements contained in this prospectus are based on our current expectations and beliefs concerning future developments and their potential effects on us. There can be no assurance that future developments affecting us will be those that we have anticipated. These forward-looking statements involve a number of risks, uncertainties (some of which are beyond our control) or other assumptions that may cause actual results or performance to be materially different from those expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. These risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, those factors described in the section titled “Risk Factors.” Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should any of our assumptions prove incorrect, actual results may vary from those projected in these forward-looking statements. We undertake no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as may be required under applicable securities laws. “Risk Factors” and “Business,” as well as other sections in this prospectus or incorporated by reference into this prospectus, discuss some of the factors that could contribute to these differences.

The forward-looking statements made in this prospectus relate only to events as of the date on which the statements are made. We undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statement to reflect events or circumstances after the date on which the statement is made or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events. Other factors besides those described in this prospectus could also affect our actual results.

This prospectus also contains market data related to our business and industry. These market data include projections that are based on a number of assumptions. While we believe these assumptions to be reasonable and sound as of the date of this prospectus, if these assumptions turn out to be incorrect, actual results may differ from the projections based on these assumptions. As a result, our markets may not grow at the rates projected by these data, or at all. The failure of these markets to grow at these projected rates may have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and the market price of our common stock.

USE OF PROCEEDS

We will not receive proceeds from the sales by the selling stockholders. We will, however, receive approximately $210,000 from the exercise of the Series A and C Warrants held by the selling stockholders, if they are exercised in full for cash. We expect to use any proceeds from the exercise of warrants for working capital and general corporate purposes.

MARKET FOR OUR COMMON STOCK AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

Market Information

Our common stock is currently traded on the OTCQB Market under the symbol “GOVX”. The following table sets forth the high and low bid prices for our common stock for the periods indicated. The prices represent quotations between dealers and do not include retail mark-up, markdown, or commission, and do not necessarily represent actual transactions. On March 9, 2016, the last reported sale price for our common stock as reported in the OTCQB Market was $0.07 per share.

	High		Low
2016
First Quarter (through March 9, 2016)	$	0.14	$	0.05
2015
Fourth Quarter	$	0.14	$	0.07
Third Quarter	$	0.18	$	0.12
Second Quarter	$	0.20	$	0.15
First Quarter	$	0.24	$	0.14
2014
Fourth Quarter	$	0.51	$	0.13
Third Quarter	$	0.26	$	0.19
Second Quarter	$	0.37	$	0.21
First Quarter	$	0.60	$	0.34

Holders

On March 9, 2016, there were approximately 600 holders of record of our common stock. Because many of our shares of common stock are held by brokers and other institutions on behalf of stockholders, we are unable to estimate the total number of stockholders represented by these record holders.

Dividends

We have not paid any dividends since our inception and do not contemplate paying dividends in the foreseeable future. Any future determination as to the declaration and payment of dividends, if any, will be at the discretion of our Board of Directors and will depend on then existing conditions, including our financial condition, operating results, contractual restrictions, capital requirements, business prospects and other factors our Board of Directors may deem relevant.

Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans

The following table sets forth certain information as of December 31, 2015 with respect to compensation plans under which our equity securities are authorized for issuance.

Plan Category

Number of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options, warrants and rights
(a)

Weighted-average exercise price of outstanding

options, warrants and

rights
(b)

Number of securities remaining available for

future issuance under

equity compensation plans (excluding securities reflected in column (a))
(c)

Equity compensation plans approved by stockholders (1)

720,000

5.43

-0-

Equity compensation plans not approved by stockholders (2)

985,500

0.20

19,500

(1)

Represents shares to be issued pursuant to the GeoVax Labs, Inc. 2006 Equity Incentive Plan (the “Stock Option Plan”), originally approved by our stockholders effective September 30, 2006. A description of the Stock Option Plan and other information concerning the Stock Option Plan can be found in footnote 9 to our 2015 consolidated financial statements contained in this prospectus.

(2)	Represents increases to the shares available pursuant to the Stock Option Plan approved by our Board of Directors.

BUSINESS

Overview

Our most advanced HIV vaccine program is focused on the clade B subtype of HIV prevalent in the Americas and Western Europe. Our preventive clade B HIV vaccine has successfully completed Phase 2a human clinical testing and we expect to enter a follow-on clinical trial in mid-2016 with support from the National Institutes of Health (NIH). We are considered the leading vaccine candidate for protection against the clade B subtype; accordingly, planning has begun for a phase 2b efficacy trial. Our vaccine has shown outstanding safety and excellent and highly reproducible immunogenicity (Journal of Infectious Diseases volume 203, pg 610 and volume 210 pg 99). We have also extended our HIV vaccine effort to the most common virus subtype affecting sub-Saharan Africa (clade C) and are conducting preclinical studies pursuant to a grant from the NIH. Our HIV vaccine technology was developed in collaboration with researchers at Emory University, the NIH, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The technology developed by the collaboration is exclusively licensed to us from Emory University. We also have nonexclusive licenses to certain patents owned by the NIH.

Our hemorrhagic fever vaccine program was initiated during 2014 with the objective of developing a tetravalent vaccine designed to protect against all major hemorrhagic fever viruses (Ebola, Marburg, Lassa) endemic in African countries. Studies of our first Ebola vaccine candidate have demonstrated 100 percent protection in rodent models. We plan to conduct additional challenge studies in non-human primates in collaboration with the NIH during 2016, with the goal of beginning human clinical trials during 2017. In February 2016 we entered into a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement for material transfer with the United States Army Research Institute of Infectious Disease (USAMRIID). This agreement provides us with access to Ebola, Marburg and Lassa fever monoclonal antibodies for in vitro vaccine characterization, with USAMRIID performing in vitro and in vivo assessment of our vaccine candidates.

We are incorporated in Delaware, and our offices and laboratory facilities are located in Smyrna, Georgia (metropolitan Atlanta).

Our Technology

Vaccines typically contain agents (antigens) that resemble disease-causing microorganisms. Traditional vaccines are often made from weakened or killed forms of the virus or from its surface proteins. Many newer vaccines use recombinant DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) technology to generate vaccine antigens in bacteria or cultured cells from specific portions of the DNA sequence of the target pathogen. The generated antigens are then purified and formulated for use in a vaccine. The most successful of these purified antigens have been non-infectious virus-like particles (VLPs) as exemplified by vaccines for hepatitis B (Merck’s Recombivax® and GSK’s Engerix®) and Papilloma viruses (GSK’s Cervarix®, and Merck’s Gardasil®). Our approach uses recombinant DNA or recombinant viruses to produce VLPs in the person being vaccinated. In human clinical trials of our HIV vaccines, we have demonstrated that our VLPs, expressed in the cells of the person being vaccinated, are safe, yet elicit both strong and durable humoral and cellular immune response.

All of our vaccines are designed to produce self-assembling non-infectious VLPs in the cells of the person being vaccinated. VLPs train the body’s immune system to recognize and kill the authentic virus should a target infection appear. VLPs also train the immune system to recognize and kill infected cells to control infection and reduce the length and severity of disease. One of the biggest challenges with VLP-based vaccines is to design the vaccines in such a way that the VLPs will be recognized by the immune system in the same way as the authentic virus would be. When VLPs for enveloped viruses like HIV, Ebola, and Marburg are produced in vivo, they include not only the protein antigens, but also an envelope consisting of membranes from the vaccinated individual’s cells. In this way, they are highly similar to the virus generated in a person’s body during a natural infection. VLPs produced externally, by contrast, may have no envelope; or, envelopes from the cultured cells (typically hamster or insect cells) used to produce them. We believe our technology provides distinct advantages by producing VLPs that more closely resemble the authentic virus, which in turn, allows the body’s immune system to more readily recognize the authentic virus. By producing VLPs in the individual being vaccinated, we avoid the cost and technical issues associated with in vitro production of VLPs in cell culture.

DNA and MVA as Vaccine Vectors. Our HIV vaccines incorporate two delivery components (or vectors): a priming recombinant plasmid DNA vaccine, and a boosting recombinant MVA (modified vaccinia Ankara) vaccine. Our hemorrhagic fever and Zika vaccines use only the MVA vector. Both our DNA and MVA vaccines express sufficient vaccine antigens to support the production of non-infectious VLPs. The VLPs cannot cause disease because they contain mutated or deleted enzymatic functions that are essential for virus replication. VLPs display trimeric membrane bound forms of the viral envelope glycoprotein (Env for HIV, or GP for Ebola/Marburg/Lassa and Zika). This is important because the natural form of the envelope glycoprotein elicits target antibodies with multiple specificities capable of recognizing incoming virus and blocking infections. Expression of multiple proteins by the vaccines is essential for the formation of VLPs. The multiple proteins also provide more targets for immune responses such as cytotoxic T-cells. Elicitation of multi-target humoral and cellular responses limits immune escape, just as multi-drug therapies limit drug escape.


Ebola VLPs	HIV VLPs

Figure 1. Electron micrographs showing the virus-like particles (VLPs) elicited by GeoVax vaccines from human cells. Note that the Ebola VLPs on the left self-assemble into the rod-like shape of the actual Ebola virus, while the HIV VLPs shown on the right take on the spherical shape of the actual HIV virus. While below the resolution of these micrographs, both types of VLPs display what we believe to be the native form of their respective viral envelope glycoproteins which we believe is key to generating an effective immune humoral response.

We selected MVA for use as the live viral component of our vaccines because of its well-established safety record and because of the ability of this vector to carry sufficient viral proteins to produce virus-like particles. MVA was originally developed as a safer smallpox vaccine for use in immune compromised humans. It was developed by attenuating the standard smallpox vaccine by making over 500 passages of the virus in chicken embryos or chicken embryo fibroblasts, which resulted in a virus with limited ability to replicate in human cells, but did not compromise the ability of MVA to grow on avian cells, which are used for manufacturing the virus. The deletions also resulted in the loss of immune evasion genes which assist the spread of wild type smallpox infections, even in the presence of human immune responses. MVA was safely administered to over 120,000 people in the 1970s as a smallpox vaccine.

Induction of T-cell and Antibody Immune Responses. In both preclinical and clinical trials, our HIV vaccines have been shown to induce both humoral (antibody) and cellular (T-cell) responses against HIV. The induction of both antibodies and T-cells is beneficial because these immune responses work through different mechanisms. Antibodies prevent infection by blocking viruses from infecting cells. In preclinical simian vaccine studies using repeated rectal challenges with moderate doses of virus, the avidity, or tightness, of antibody binding to the surface envelope glycoprotein of HIV correlates with the prevention of infection (The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 204:164 (2011)). In high dose challenges that infect all animals at the first exposure, the avidity of the antibody for envelope glycoprotein correlates with reduced levels of virus replication (Journal of Virology, 83:4102 (2009)). Similarly, antibody responses are believed to be critical for vaccine-elicited protection against Ebola and Marburg infection (Expert Review of Vaccines, 10:63 (2011)). These results likely reflect the tightly binding antibody both blocking infection as well as tagging virus and infected cells for destruction, by white blood cells such as macrophages, neutrophils and natural killer cells. Our vaccines elicit CD8+ T-cells, a type of T-cell that can recognize and kill cells that become infected by virus (without antibody tagging). For HIV, CD8+ T-cells are important for the control of the virus that has established an infection. For Ebola and Marburg, antibodies can stop or slow the progress of infection, but T cells are important for clearing the infection by killing remaining infected cells.

Background – What are Vaccines?

A vaccine is a substance introduced into the human body that teaches the immune system to detect and destroy a pathogen (a virus or other pathogen that causes disease). All vaccines contain some harmless form or part of the pathogen they target or of a highly similar pathogen. They exert their effects through the adaptive immune response, an arm of the immune system that learns to recognize and control specific pathogens.

There are several types of vaccines:

●

Whole-killed/Whole-inactivated vaccines: The active ingredient in these vaccines is an intact virus or bacterium that has been killed or otherwise stripped of its ability to infect humans. Examples include the cholera, influenza, hepatitis A, rabies, injectable polio, tick-borne encephalitis, Japanese encephalitis (both from Flaviviridae family that include Zika virus) vaccines. This approach has not been applied to the development of vaccines against HIV due to lack of success in animal experiments and the difficulty of developing an inactivation method capable of ensuring that the product will be entirely free of active virus. Similarly, inactivated Ebola vaccines have not shown great promise in animal models, and any production process starting with live Ebola, Marburg or Lassa fever virus would require such extreme containment measures that it would be difficult to operate at industrial scale.

●

Live attenuated vaccines: These vaccines use a form of the targeted pathogen that is highly unlikely to be harmful—one capable, say, of multiplying, but not causing disease. Examples include the measles, mumps, rubella (MMR), yellow fever (a flavivirus), Varicella, influenza, smallpox and the oral vaccine against polio, which has been widely deployed in global eradication efforts. Such vaccines can be very effective because they closely mimic the behavior of the targeted pathogen, giving the immune system a true picture of what it would be up against. Due to the risk that attenuated HIV, Ebola, or Marburg might revert to its disease-causing form, this approach has not been applied to the development of HIV, Ebola, or Marburg vaccines.

●

Subunit vaccines: Vaccines of this variety are composed of purified pieces of the pathogen (known as antigens) that generate a vigorous, protective immune response. Common subunit vaccines include the seasonal flu and hepatitis B vaccines. This approach was employed to devise the first AIDS vaccine candidate tested in humans, which failed to induce protection from HIV infection. To date, subunit vaccines have failed to protect nonhuman primates against Ebola infection (Human Vaccines, 6:439 (2010)).

●

Purified VLP vaccines: Purified VLP vaccines consist only of virus-like particles, which are composed of certain viral proteins but do not contain the genetic material of the virus. Unlike subunit vaccines, VLPs typically provide viral antigens in their native form. Due to their structural similarity to actual viruses, VLPs are excellent immunogens capable of raising potent antibody and cellular immune responses. Purified VLPs need to be manufactured and purified in large quantities. They also are difficult to make for relatively fragile viruses with lipid membrane envelopes such as HIV, Ebola, Marburg or Zika vaccines. Examples of successful vaccines using purified VLPs include vaccines for hepatitis B (Merck’s Recombivax^® and GSK’s Engerix^®) and Papilloma viruses (GSK’s Cervarix^®, and Merck’s Gardasil^®).

●

Expressed VLP vaccines: These vaccines are designed to produce self-assembling non-infectious VLPs in the cells of the person being vaccinated. When VLPs for enveloped viruses like HIV, Ebola, and Marburg are produced in vivo, they include not only the protein antigens, but also an envelope consisting of membranes from the vaccinated individual’s cells displaying proteins that mediate entry into cells. In this way, they are highly similar to the virus generated in a person’s body during a natural infection. Purified VLPs produced externally, by contrast, have no envelope; or, envelopes from the cultured cells (typically hamster or insect cells) used to produce them. By producing VLPs in vivo, potential purification issues associated with in vitro production of VLPs are avoided. GeoVax employs this approach in our vaccine design.

●

DNA vaccines: These vaccine candidates are also designed to train the immune system to recognize a piece of the targeted bacterium or virus. The difference is that the active ingredients are not the purified antigens themselves but circles of DNA, called plasmids, which carry genes encoding those antigens. Human cells passively take up these plasmids and produce the antigens which, in turn, train the immune system to recognize the targeted pathogen. There currently is no FDA-approved DNA vaccine for humans.

●

Recombinant viral vaccines: These vaccines, like DNA vaccines, introduce genes for targeted antigens into the body. But the genes are inserted into a virus that actively carries the vaccine insert into human cells. The viruses chosen as vectors are safe to use because they do not ordinarily cause disease in humans and/or have been stripped of their ability to proliferate. Examples include two flavivirus vaccines, Japanese encephalitis (IMOJEV^®) and dengue (DENGVAXIA^®) vaccines constructed using the yellow fever 17D vaccine as a vector.

Our HIV/AIDS Vaccine Program

About HIV/AIDS. HIV is a retrovirus that carries its genetic code in the form of RNA. Retroviruses use RNA and the reverse transcriptase enzyme to create DNA from the RNA template. The HIV-1 virus enters human cells and copies its viral RNA to produce complementary DNA (cDNA) that is subsequently inserted into the chromosomes, which are the genetic material of a cell. HIV preferentially infects and replicates in T-cells, which are a type of white blood cell. Infection of T-cells alters them from immunity mediating cells to cells that produce and release HIV. This process results in the destruction of the immune defenses of infected individuals and ultimately, the development of AIDS.

There are several AIDS-causing HIV virus subtypes, or clades, that are found in different regions of the world. These clades are identified as clade A, clade B and so on. The predominant clade found in Europe, North America, parts of South America, Japan and Australia is clade B, whereas the predominant clades in Africa are clades A and C. In India, the predominant clade is clade C. Each clade differs by at least 20% with respect to its genetic sequence from other clades. These differences may mean that vaccines or treatments developed against HIV of one clade may only be partially effective or ineffective against HIV of other clades. Thus, there is often a geographical focus to designing and developing HIV vaccines.

HIV, even within clades, has a high rate of mutation that supports a significant level of genetic variation. In drug treatment programs, virus mutation can result in the development of drug resistance, referred to as virus drug escape, thereby rendering drug therapy ineffective. Hence, we believe that multi-drug therapy is very important. If several drugs are active against virus replication, the virus must undergo multiple simultaneous mutations to escape, which is less likely. The same is true for immune responses. HIV can escape single targeted immune responses. However, our scientists believe if an immune response is directed against multiple targets, which are referred to as epitopes, virus escape is much less frequent. Vaccination against more than one of the proteins found in HIV increases the number of targets for the immune response as well as the chance that HIV will not escape the vaccine-stimulated immune response, thus resulting in protection against infection or the development of clinical AIDS if infection occurs.

HIV infects and gradually destroys T-cells and macrophages, which are white blood cells that play key roles in protecting humans against infectious disease caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi and other micro-organisms. Opportunistic infections by organisms, normally posing no problem for control by a healthy immune system, can ravage persons with immune systems damaged by HIV infections. Destruction of the immune system occurs over years. The average onset of the clinical disease recognized as AIDS occurs after three to ten years of HIV infection if the virus is not treated effectively with drugs, but the time to developing AIDS is highly variable.

HIV/AIDS is considered by many in the scientific and medical community to be the most lethal infectious disease in the world. An estimated 37 million people are living with HIV worldwide, with approximately 2.5 million newly infected in 2012 alone. Approximately 39 million people infected with HIV have died since the 1981 start of the HIV pandemic. The United States currently has an estimated 1.2 million HIV-infected individuals, with approximately 50,000 new infections per year, a number that has remained virtually the same for 20 years. Alarmingly the fastest growing demographic for acquiring an HIV infection is the 13 – 24 year old group which is expanding at roughly 10% per year and will soon become the group with the highest total number of infections.

At present, the standard approach to treating HIV infection is to inhibit viral replication through the use of combinations of drugs. Available drugs include reverse transcriptase inhibitors, protease inhibitors, integration inhibitors and inhibitors of cell entry. However, HIV is prone to genetic changes that can produce strains that are resistant to currently approved drugs. When HIV acquires resistance to one drug within a class, it can often become resistant to the entire class, meaning that it may be impossible to re-establish control of a genetically altered strain by substituting different drugs in the same class. Furthermore, these treatments continue to have significant limitations which include toxicity, patient non-adherence to the treatment regimens and cost. As a result, over time, viruses acquire drug-resistant mutations, and many patients develop intolerance to the medications or simply give up taking the medications due to cost, inconvenience or side effects.

According to the International AIDS Vaccine Initiative (IAVI), the cost and complexity of new treatment advances for AIDS puts them out of reach for most people in the countries where treatment is most needed. As noted above, in industrialized nations, where drugs are more readily available, side effects and increased rates of viral resistance have raised concerns about their long term use. Vaccines are seen by many as the most promising way to end the HIV/AIDS pandemic. It is expected that vaccines for HIV/AIDS, once developed, will be used universally and administered worldwide by organizations that provide health care services, including hospitals, medical clinics, the military, prisons and schools.

Our Preventive HIV Vaccine Program

Prevention of HIV infection remains a worldwide unmet medical need, even in the United States and other first world countries where effective antiretroviral therapies are available. There is no approved HIV vaccine. Current antiretroviral therapies do not eliminate HIV infection, requiring individuals to remain on antiretroviral drugs for their entire lives. Uptake and successful long term adherence to therapy is also limited. Only 25% of those infected with HIV in the US ultimately remain in HIV care with their viral load sufficiently suppressed to prevent spread of HIV. The annual incidence of new HIV infections has remained virtually unchanged for the past 20 years. Furthermore, the annual financial burden to the U.S. taxpayer for HIV education, prevention, and treatment costs borne through multiple federal agencies is more than $20 billion annually.

Work on our HIV vaccines began during the 1990s at Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, under the direction of Dr. Harriet L. Robinson, who is now our Chief Scientific Officer. The vaccine technology was developed in collaboration with researchers at the NIH and the CDC.

Our most clinically advanced vaccine development program is a DNA/MVA vaccine regimen designed to protect against the clade B subtype of the HIV virus. Clade B is prevalent in the Americas and Western Europe. An estimated 3.3 million people are infected with clade B HIV virus worldwide, with 187,000 new infections in 2012.

We have two HIV vaccine components under development: a recombinant DNA vaccine, and a recombinant MVA vaccine. Both the DNA and MVA vaccines contain sufficient HIV genes to support the production of non-infectious virus-like particles. These VLPs display the native trimeric membrane-bound form of the HIV envelope glycoprotein (Env) that mediates entry into cells and is the target for protective antibody. When used together, the recombinant DNA component primes immune responses, which are boosted by administration of the recombinant MVA component. This prime-boost strategy elicits high avidity antibodies (tightly binding antibodies) and cytotoxic T cells. The antibodies can block infections and initiate the killing of virus and infected cells by bound antibody signaling destruction by virion capture, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, phagocytosis and complement mediated lysis.

Clinical trials of our preventive HIV vaccine have been conducted by the HIV Vaccine Trials Network (HVTN). The HVTN is the largest worldwide clinical trials network dedicated to the development and testing of HIV/AIDS vaccines. Support for the HVTN comes from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), part of the NIH. The HVTN’s HIV Vaccine Trial Units are located at leading research institutions in 27 cities on four continents.

We have completed multiple Phase 1 trials and a Phase 2a trial (HVTN 205) of various dosing regimens and formulations of our vaccines. These vaccines have been evaluated in nearly 500 humans. All of the clinical trials of our preventive vaccines have been conducted by the HVTN, and fully funded by the NIH.

We expect the NIH to fully fund the cost of another Phase 1 trial (HVTN 114) of our preventive HIV vaccine to begin in mid-2016, which will investigate the effect of adding a “protein boost” component to our vaccine. Protein boosts may augment antibody responses that can block virus infections (neutralizing antibody) and cause antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). Proteins added to HIV vaccines have shown some success in other trials. The HVTN believes this “dual-action” approach will be a prudent and cost-effective path forward for supporting large clinical trials. Information from this trial would then inform the design of future, larger clinical trials. While efforts are underway to evaluate the protein boost concept, we also intend to seek funding to expedite our vaccine (without the added protein boost) directly into pivotal Phase 2b efficacy trials.

The HVTN is continuing to consider future efficacy studies, and members are working to develop collaborative clinical development plans, as well as initiating regulatory planning. The plans for large-scale clinical trials may change as researchers continue to gather information from our earlier studies and are influenced by results from other vaccine trials. Trial start dates are dependent on many factors and are likely to change.

Preventive HIV Vaccine Program – Clade C. We also are developing DNA/MVA vaccines designed for use to combat the subtypes of HIV that predominate in South Africa and India. In June 2015, the NIH awarded us a Small Business Innovative Research (SBIR) grant entitled “Directed Lineage Immunizations for Eliciting Broadly Neutralizing Antibody” toward this effort.

Preclinical Studies. We have conducted multiple preclinical efficacy trials of our preventive HIV vaccines by vaccinating non-human primates with simian immunodeficiency virus prototypes of our HIV vaccines and then testing them for resistance to either single high dose, or repeated low dose rectal challenges. The most recent of these studies has shown that the SIV prototype of our HIV vaccine that is advancing in clinical trials provided a 76% reduction in per exposure risk of infection over a series of 12 weekly rectal challenges. This is a very good level of protection to have achieved in the SIV macaque model much better than achieved in preclinical models by simian prototypes of the one partially successful HIV vaccine tested in the RV144 trial in Thailand.

Completed Human Clinical Trials -- Preventive HIV Vaccine

Phase 1 Human Clinical Trials. All of our preventive vaccination trials in humans have been conducted by the HVTN, a network that is funded and supported by the NIH. The HVTN is the largest worldwide clinical trials network focused on the development and testing of HIV/AIDS vaccines. The results of a two group, 30 participant, Phase 1 trial (designated HVTN 045) are published in AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES 22:678 (2006) and of a four group 120 participant trial (HVTN 065) in The Journal of Infectious Diseases 203:610 (2011). The results of a 300 person Phase 2a trial are published in The Journal of Infectious Diseases 210: 99 (2014). These trials have tested both safety and dosing regimens.

In our first Phase 1 clinical trial, HVTN 045, our DNA vaccine was tested without MVA boosting to document the safety of the DNA. Our second Phase 1 clinical trial, HVTN 065, was designed to test the combined use of DNA and MVA and consisted of a dose escalation as well as regimen studies. The low dose consisted of 0.3 mg of DNA and 1x10⁷ tissue culture infectious doses (TCID50) of MVA. Once safety was demonstrated for the low dose in 10 participants, the full dose (3 mg of DNA and 1x10⁸ TCID50 of MVA) was administered to 30 participants. A single dose of DNA at time 0 followed by MVA at weeks 8 and 24, a DMM regimen, and three doses of MVA administered at weeks 0, 8 and 24, an MMM regimen, were also tested in 30 participants each. Participants were followed for 12 months to assess vaccine safety and to measure vaccine-induced immune responses.

Data from the HVTN 065 trial again documented the safety of the vaccine products but also showed that the DDMM and MMM regimens induced different patterns of immune responses. The full dose DDMM regimen induced higher response rates of CD4+ T-cells (77%) and CD8+ T-cells (42%) compared to the MMM regimen (43% CD4+ and 17% CD8+ response rates). In contrast, the highest response rates and highest titers of antibodies to the HIV Env protein were induced in the group that received only the MVA using the MMM regimen.

Phase 2 Human Clinical Trials. Based on the safety and the immunogenicity results in the HVTN 045 and HVTN 065 Phase 1 trials, the full dose DNA/MVA and MVA-only regimens were selected for testing by the HVTN in a Phase 2a trial (designated HVTN 205). HVTN 205 was designed to further evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of our vaccines in healthy, HIV-uninfected adults. In HVTN 205, 299 participants were randomly assigned to three study arms: 149 participants received two injections of our DNA vaccine followed by two injections of our MVA vaccine (DDMM arm), 75 participants received three MVA injections and one placebo injection (MMPM arm), and 75 participants received four injections of placebo. At 2 weeks after the final vaccination, antibody responses against the HIV Envelope protein (Env), the target for protective antibody, were detected in 93.2% of the DDMM arm (the vaccination regimen selected for further clinical study). At six months after final vaccination), anti-Env Ab response titers in the DDMM arm had declined by less than 3-fold. The antibody to Env had high affinity binding, a characteristic associated with prevention of infection in preclinical models. The study also showed low response rates for serum IgA, a desirable characteristic because serum IgA can compete for binding with serum IgG and block protective Fc-mediated protection. In the one partially successful HIV vaccine trial, levels of serum IgA were a direct correlate with risk. Encouragingly, response rates for serum IgG3, an isotype associated with Fc-mediated mechanisms of protection such as complement (C’)-mediated lysis and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity were excellent (91% response rate). These results reinforce our desire to move to the next level of clinical trial, a Phase 2b efficacy trial using individuals who are at risk of coming into contact with HIV. This type of trial would show whether the vaccine protects against HIV exposure.

HIV Immunotherapy Program

Current antiretroviral therapies, though highly effective at suppressing HIV viral load, are unable to eliminate latent forms of HIV that are invisible to the immune system and inaccessible to antiretroviral drugs. In response to this problem, the NIH and other leaders in the HIV field have developed a new concept: the “shock and kill” strategy, in which patients remain on standard-of-care anti-retroviral drug therapy while a second drug (“shock agent”) is used to activate latent HIV and a third drug (“kill agent”) is used to recognize and eliminate cells with activated HIV infections. A shock and kill therapy could potentially contribute to a drug-free cure for HIV.

Preclinical Studies – Therapeutic Vaccine. In 2007-2008, data were generated in three pilot studies conducted at Yerkes National Primate Research Center of Emory University in which non-human primates were infected, drug-treated, vaccinated and then drug-interrupted. Following treatment interruption, median levels of virus in blood, measured as viral RNA, were 10 to 1000-times lower than those measured prior to drug and vaccine treatment. The therapeutic reductions in virus levels were best for animals placed on drugs within 12 weeks of infection with lower levels of protection being achieved in animals that were placed on drugs at 3 months or later after infection.

Phase 1 Clinical Trial (Treatment Interruption). In early 2014, we completed a Phase 1 clinical trial (GV-TH-01) investigating the therapeutic use of our GOVX-B11 HIV vaccine in HIV-infected patients. GV-TH-01 was an open label Phase 1 treatment interruption trial investigating the safety and immunogenicity of our DNA/MVA vaccine regimen in 9 HIV-infected patients who initiated drug treatment within 18 months of seroconversion and had stably controlled virus for at least 6 months. Patients were vaccinated with two DNA inoculations followed by two MVA inoculations at intervals of two months. Eight weeks following the last inoculation, patients suspended drug therapy for a 12-week period. Vaccinated patients’ ability to control the time and temporal height of re-emergent virus in the absence of drugs was then observed. Drug treatment was re-instituted after 12 weeks, and trial participants were observed for an additional 6 months. The primary endpoint of this study was to evaluate the safety of our vaccine in HIV-positive patients with well-controlled infections who are being treated with oral HIV medications. An exploratory objective of the study was to evaluate the ability of the vaccinated patient to control re-emergent virus during the drug treatment interruption period.

Analysis of GV-TH-01 data indicates that, during the vaccination phase of the trial, enhanced CD8+ T cells were elicited in 8 of 9 participants and enhanced CD4+ T cell in 5 of 9 participants. Eight participants underwent treatment interruption to test the ability of the vaccine-enhanced responses to control, or prevent, re-emergent virus. Virus re-emerged in all 8 individuals. Interestingly, in 6 of the 8, re-emergent virus appeared to have already escaped the hosts’ T cell responses indicating that to be effective, vaccination would need to take place in individuals placed on antiretroviral therapy soon after infection (see preclinical study above, where vaccination was most effective in non-human primates placed on drugs at 12 weeks after infection). In 2 of the 8 participants, escape had not taken place before treatment interruption. In these two participants, the vaccination failed to snuff the infection at the site of re-emergence and escape mutants rapidly appeared. Thus, therapeutic vaccination will need to overcome the challenge of the rapid selection of CD8+ escape viruses in infected individuals (most of whom do not realize that they are infected) and a poor ability of CD8+ T cells to control virus (that has not already escaped the T cell response) at the site of viral re-emergence.

While no reportable medical adverse events were documented during GV-TH-01, it remains clear that in order to achieve a cure for HIV multiple concomitant therapies will be necessary. An approach using the standard of care oral drug therapy, plus a vaccine and a “shock” agent used to expose the virus and make it susceptible to activated antibodies and T-cells is an example of an approach required to achieve such a cure. Observations from GV-TH-01 have led us to postulate that our DNA vaccines may be effective as shock agents to partially reactivate viral reservoirs. Therefore, future therapeutic studies of GeoVax’s vaccine will investigate the vaccine’s ability to act as a shock agent to reactivate latent virus. The timetable and specific clinical plans will depend upon the Company’s ability to secure external funding for the program.

Our Hemorrhagic Fever Vaccine Program

About Ebola, Marburg and Lassa fever viruses. Ebola (EBOV, formerly designated as Zaire ebolavirus), Sudan (SUDV), and Marburg viruses (MARV) are the current most virulent species of the Filoviridae family. They can cause up to a 90% fatality rate in humans, and are epizootic in Central and West Africa with multiple outbreaks since 1970. Lassa fever virus (LASV), a member of the Arenaviridae family, causes severe and often fatal hemorrhagic illnesses in an overlapping region with Ebola. In contrast to the unpredictable epidemics of filoviruses, LASV is endemic in West Africa with an annual incidence of >300,000 infections, resulting in 5,000-10,000 deaths. Data from a recent sero-epidemiologic study suggest that the number of annual LASV cases may be much higher, reaching three million infections and 67,000 deaths, putting as many as 200 million persons at risk. Although the timing of the next filovirus outbreak cannot be predicted, it is certain that one will occur due to multiple factors such as: the zoonotic nature of the virus, weak health systems, high population mobility, cultural beliefs and burial practices, and endemic infectious diseases such as malaria and Lassa fever that mimic early Ebola symptoms in those at natural risk; and for those not at natural risk, the risk of intentional release by a bioterrorist.

We believe an ideal vaccine against major filoviruses and LASV viruses must activate both humoral and cellular arms of the immune system. It must include the induction of antibodies to slow the initial rate of infection and a cellular immune response to help clear the infection. Moreover, it must address strain variations by providing broad coverage against potential epizootic filovirus strains, and it must be safe not only in healthy individuals (e.g. travelers or health care workers), but also in immunocompromised persons (e.g., HIV infected) and those with other underlying health concerns.

Despite significant progress being made with some experimental vaccines in clinical trials (e.g. rVSV-ZEBOV), none have been fully tested for both safety and efficacy. The replication competent rVSV-ZEBOV showed safety concerns in Phase 1 trials and by virtue of being replication competent could pose threats to immunocompromised individuals, such as those infected with HIV. The less advanced adeno-vectored vaccine candidates may require relatively cumbersome heterologous prime/boost regimens, for example with MVA, to elicit durable protective immunity. The use of Ad5 vectors also has been associated with concerns over increased susceptibility to HIV infection in areas with high HIV incidence. Even with rVSV-ZEBOV showing promise in the 2013-2015 epidemic, the world would benefit by being prepared with a multivalent, as well as safer vaccine, to prevent or alleviate the effects of the next epidemic.

Our Vaccines. To address the unmet need for a product that can respond to future filovirus epidemics and potentially end LASV infections in West Africa, we are developing an innovative Tetravalent Vaccine (TV) utilizing our proven MVA-VLP platform. We are addressing strain variations, and induction of broad humoral and cellular response through development of 4 monovalent vaccines, which can be blended to provide broad coverage. The MVA vector is highly safe, having been developed for use in immunocompromised individuals. It has had excellent safety in clinical trials in immunocompromised (~1000) as well as normal (>5000) people and is currently licensed by Bavarian Nordic for use as a smallpox vaccine.

Our TV vaccine generates VLPs by expressing both GP and matrix proteins (VP40 for filoviruses, Z for LASV) in single vectors for each of its target viruses. It is designed to elicit protective antibodies against GP as well as protective T cells against GP plus the more conserved VP40, or Z, matrix proteins. It is expected to not only protect at risk individuals against EBOV, SUDV, MARV, and LASV; but also potentially reduce or modify the severity of other re-emerging filovirus pathogens such as Bundibugyo, Ivory Coast, and Reston viruses, based on antigenic cross reactivity and the elicitation of T cells to the more conserved matrix proteins. Thus, the GeoVax MVA-VLP-TV approach offers a unique combination of advantages to achieve breadth and safety of a pan-filo/LASV vaccine. In addition to protecting people in Africa, it is intended to prevent the spread of disease to the US, as with the last outbreak, and for preparedness against terrorist release of any of these four bio-threat pathogens (EBOV, SUDV, MARV, and LASV). The initial markets for the TV vaccine are both NGOs such as the Gavi vaccine alliance and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, as well as US and foreign governments.

Innovation. The innovation in our MVA-VLP-TV vaccine is in the design of the individual vectors, which use unique MVA shuttle vectors combined with appropriate strength promoters and codon optimizations to achieve genetically stable vectors expressing high levels of filovirus and LASV VLPs. We have developed three different generations of shuttle vectors, spanning 15 years of collaboration with NIH in developing MVA/HIV vaccines expressing VLPs. The latest shuttle vectors insert transgenes between essential genes, such that the loss of genes involving adjacent sequences during manufacture (the most frequent genetic mutation associated with loss of gene expression in earlier MVA vectors) results in replication incompetent viruses that do not outgrow the insert containing virus. We use a synthetic early late promoter that provides high, yet not lethal, levels of VLP expression, which is initiated immediately after infection. VLPs, expressed by MVA, in turn, form a basis of a highly effective vaccine, as the VLPs are made in the person being vaccinated and do not have to be purified, reducing manufacturing costs. Moreover, they can express native forms of membrane-displayed viral envelope glycoproteins (the form we use is mutated to not express secreted S). The array of GPs on the VLPs is highly favorable for cross-linking B cell receptors and initiating an Ab response. The expression of VP40 or Z in infected cells stimulates CD8 T cell responses against the relatively conserved matrix proteins broadening protection.

Many consider MVA a boosting, not a priming vaccine. However, our MVA-expressed VLPs are very good priming vaccines. In guinea pigs, a single dose of the GeoVax EBOV vaccine (MVA/Z-VLP) raises the same levels of Abs as raised by a single dose of a recombinant VSV vaccine expressing the EBOV GP.

Our TV-MVA vector affords other unique advantages:

Safety: GeoVax/NIAID rMVA HIV vaccines have demonstrated outstanding safety in human clinical trials. Safety for MVA has been shown in more than 120,000 subjects in Europe, including immunocompromised individuals during the initial development of MVA and more recently with the development of MVA as a safer vaccine against smallpox.

Durability: GeoVax/NIAID rMVA technology raises highly durable vaccine responses, the most durable in the field of vectored HIV vaccines (G. Tomaras, HVTN Spring Meeting, 2015). We hypothesize that elicitation of durable vaccine responses is conferred on responding B cells by the vaccinia parent of MVA, which raises highly durable responses for smallpox.

Limited pre-existing immunity to vector: Following the eradication of smallpox in 1980, smallpox vaccinations subsequently ended, leaving all but those born before 1980 and selected populations (such as vaccinated laboratory workers, first responders) unvaccinated and without pre-existing immunity.

No need for adjuvants: MVA stimulates strong innate immune responses and does not require the use of adjuvants.

Thermal stability: MVA is stable in both liquid and lyophilized formats (> 6 years of storage).

Genetic stability and manufacturability: If appropriately engineered, MVA is genetically stable and can reliably be manufactured in either the established Chick Embryo Fibroblast cell substrate, or novel continuous cell lines that support scalability as well as greater process consistency and efficiency.

In February 2016 we entered into a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement for material transfer with the United States Army Research Institute of Infectious Disease (USAMRIID). This agreement provides us with access to Ebola, Marburg and Lassa fever monoclonal antibodies for in vitro vaccine characterization, with USAMRIID will performing in vitro and in vivo assessment of our vaccine candidates.

Our Zika Virus Vaccine Program

About Zika Virus. Zika disease is a rapidly spreading emerging infection caused by the Zika virus (ZIKV) and may be linked to an increase in microcephaly in infants and Guillain-Barre syndrome (a neurodegenerative disease) in adults. ZIKV is a member of the Flaviviridae family, which includes medically important pathogens such as dengue fever, yellow fever, Japanese encephalitis, tick-borne encephalitis, and West Nile viruses. ZIKV, which was first discovered in 1947 in the Zika forest of Uganda, was considered only a minor public health concern for 60 years. Recently, with its appearance and rapid spread in the Americas, it has emerged as a serious threat with pandemic potential. Symptoms of Zika infection have historically been mild. In the recent epidemic, however, an alarming association between ZIKV infection and fetal brain abnormalities including microcephaly has been suspected. No approved preventive or therapeutic products are currently available to fight the Zika epidemic. Public health officials recommend avoiding exposure to ZIKV, delaying pregnancy, and following basic supportive care (fluids, rest, and acetaminophen) after infection. A vaccine is urgently needed to prevent a Zika pandemic.

Our Vaccine Development Efforts. To address the unmet need for a ZIKV vaccine, we are developing novel vaccine candidates constructed in our MVA-VLP live vector platform, which has already shown great promise in our HIV and Ebola vaccines. Unlike other vaccines in development, the GeoVax vaccine combines a highly potent, yet safe, replication deficient viral vector (MVA). Utilizing the MVA vector to express antigens of interest that assemble into VLPs within the vaccinated person, we combine the strengths of the MVA vector with those of VLPs. Advantages of MVA-VLPs include efficient stimulation of highly durable antibody responses with neutralizing and Fc-mediated mechanisms of protection; enhanced cross-protection by the elicitation of antigen specific T cells as well as antibody; and stimulation of the innate immune response without the need for an adjuvant. Also, MVA has an outstanding safety record, which is particularly important given the need to include pregnant women and newborns among those being vaccinated. We expect these features to yield a safe and highly effective vaccine that is well suited to provide potent and durable immunity against ZIKV infection.

Our primary collaboration on the development of a ZIKV vaccine is with the University of Georgia (UGA), which will develop animal models and perform mouse studies. The US Centers for Disease Control (CDC) is developing its own animal models (AG129 mice, developed for dengue vaccine testing, and guinea pigs) and will serve as a backup strategy in case UGA is unsuccessful. Collaborating researchers at the Rocky Mountain Laboratories are developing non-human primate models for ZIKV testing. ZIKV and reagents will be supplied by the University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB). Working with multiple collaborators and multiple candidate vaccines, we will manage risk by providing multiple paths toward the selection of the best vaccine candidate.

Our Cancer Immunotherapy Program

About Cancer Immunotherapy. Cancer is the second most common cause of death in the US, exceeded only by heart disease. Its global burden is expected to rise to 22 million new cases by 2030. Currently, there is only one FDA approved cancer vaccine, PROVENGE® (sipuleucel-T). PROVENGE® is a personalized therapy for prostate cancer patients, which prolongs survival times by about 4 months. However, the field of immune-oncology has received new momentum with the discovery and initial launch of monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) called immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Tumors hijack the body’s natural immune checkpoints by over expressing immune checkpoint ligands (proteins that bind to and activate the inhibitory activity of immune checkpoints), as a mechanism of immune resistance, especially against the T cells that are specific for tumor antigens and can kill cancer cells. ICIs block the interaction of Immune checkpoints with their ligands on tumor cells, allowing poorly functional T cells to resume proliferation, cytokine production and killing of tumor cells.

Unlike conventional therapies (e.g. radiation, chemotherapy, antibody, etc.), cancer vaccines have the potential to induce responses that not only result in the control and even clearance of tumors but also establish immunological memory that can suppress and prevent tumor recurrence. Convenience, safety, and low toxicity of cancer vaccines make them invaluable tools to be included in future immunotherapy approaches for treating tumors. Currently, there are only a few vectored cancer vaccines being tested in combination with ICIs, all of which are in early clinical stages.

Our Immuno-Oncology Development Efforts. GeoVax has established a collaboration with Dr. Olivera Finn, a leading expert in cancer immunotherapy at the University of Pittsburg. Dr. Finn was the first to show that many tumors express an abnormal form of cell surface-associated Mucin 1 (MUC1) protein that is recognized by the immune system as foreign. Given this, we are developing our MVA-VLP vaccine platform to deliver abnormal forms of MUC1 with the goal of raising protective anti-tumor antibodies and T cell responses in cancer patients.

Our approach to cancer immunotherapy will likely utilize a combination approach, for which each component has already shown some promising results in clinical trials. DNA and MVA-VLP-MUC1 will be used to elicit antibody and T cell responses to MUC1 in the patients’ own bodies. Prior to vaccination, patients will undergo their Standard of Care (SOC) treatments, such as chemotherapy or radiation. We expect ICIs will be used to activate suppressed T cells and enable the patients’ immune system to respond to VLP-delivered MUC1 antigen, with the goal of causing tumor regression.

We expect to demonstrate proof-of-concept in preclinical engineered murine tumor models for MUC1 at the University of Pittsburgh during 2016 and, subject to adequate funding, we anticipate that within three years GeoVax will be able to file an IND with the FDA and initiate a Phase 1 trial in a limited number of cancer patients.

Support from the United States Government

With the exception of the GV-TH-01 Phase 1 therapeutic trial (treatment interruption protocol), all of our human clinical trials to date have been conducted by the HVTN and funded by NIH. This financial support has been provided by the NIH directly to the HVTN, so has not been recognized in our financial statements. Our responsibility for these clinical trials has been to provide sufficient supplies of vaccine materials and technical expertise when necessary.

In addition to clinical trial support from the NIH, our operations have been partially funded by NIH research grants. Refer to our Financial Statements beginning on page F-1, and to “Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations”, for additional information regarding revenue and funds availability from these grants.

Regulations

Regulation by governmental authorities in the United States and other countries is a significant factor in our ongoing research and development activities and in the manufacture of our products under development. Complying with these regulations involves considerable time and expense.

In the United States, drugs are subject to rigorous federal and state regulation. Our products are regulated under the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, as amended (FD&C Act), and the regulations promulgated thereunder, and other federal and state statutes and regulations. These laws govern, among other things, the testing, manufacture, safety, efficacy, labeling, storage, record keeping, approval, advertising and promotion of medications and medical devices. Product development and approval within this regulatory framework is difficult to predict, takes a number of years and involves great expense. The steps required before a human vaccine may be marketed in the United States include:

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Pre-clinical laboratory tests, in vivo pre-clinical studies and formulation studies;

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Manufacturing and testing of the product under strict compliance with current Good Manufacturing Practice (cGMP) regulations;

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Submission to the FDA of an Investigational New Drug (IND) application for human clinical testing which must become effective before human clinical trials can commence;

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Adequate and well-controlled human clinical trials to establish the safety and efficacy of the product;

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the submission of a Biologics License Application to the FDA, along with the required user fees;

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FDA approval of the Biologics License Application prior to any commercial sale or shipment of the product; and

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Post-marketing requirements imposed by FDA.

Each of these steps is described further below. Before marketing any drug or biologic for human use, the product sponsor must obtain FDA approval. In addition, each manufacturing establishment must be registered with the FDA and must pass a Pre-Approval Inspection (PAI) before introducing any new drug or biological product into commercial distribution. Because GeoVax does not manufacture vaccines for human use within our own facilities, we must ensure compliance both in our own operations and in the outsourced manufacturing operations. All FDA-regulated manufacturing establishments (both domestic establishments and foreign establishments that export products to the United States) are subject to inspections by the FDA and must comply with the FDA’s Good Manufacturing Practices for products, drugs and devices.

FDA determines compliance with applicable statutes and regulations through documentation review, investigations, and inspections. Several enforcement mechanisms are available to FDA, ranging from a simple demand to correct a minor deficiency to mandatory recalls, closure of facilities, and even criminal charges for the most serious violations.

Preclinical Testing. Preclinical testing includes laboratory evaluation of chemistry and formulation, as well as cell culture and animal studies to assess the safety and potential efficacy of the product. Preclinical safety tests and certain other pivotal preclinical studies must be conducted by laboratories that comply with the FDA’s Good Laboratory Practices, or GLP. The results of pre-clinical testing are submitted to the FDA as part of the IND application and are reviewed by the FDA prior to the commencement of human clinical trials. Unless the FDA objects to an IND, the IND becomes effective 30 days following its receipt by the FDA.

CGMP-Compliant Manufacturing and Testing. FDA has issued, and frequently updates, extensive regulations on current Good Manufacturing Practice (cGMP). Any drug, biologic, or device for human use, whether commercial or investigational, must be manufactured under these regulations. CGMP regulations include a wide variety of requirements covering personnel, documentation, facilities, equipment, testing procedures, and many other aspects of manufacturing and testing.

Clinical Trials. Clinical trials involve the administration of investigational drugs to volunteers or to patients under the supervision of a qualified, medically trained clinical investigator. Clinical trials are conducted in accordance with Good Clinical Practices under protocols that detail the objectives of the trial, the parameters to be used to monitor safety and the efficacy criteria to be evaluated. Each protocol and the qualifications of the investigators who plan to carry it out must be submitted to the FDA as part of the IND. Further, each clinical trial must be conducted under the auspices of an independent institutional review board at the institution where the trial will be conducted. The institutional review board will consider, among other things, ethical factors, the safety of human subjects and the possible liability of the institution.

Clinical trials are typically conducted in three sequential phases, but the phases may overlap. In the Phase 1 clinical trial, the initial introduction of the product into healthy human subjects, the vaccine is tested for safety (including adverse side effects) and dosage tolerance. The Phase 2 clinical trial is the proof of principal stage and involves trials in a limited patient population to determine whether the product induces the desired effect (for our vaccines this means immune responses) and to better determine optimal dosage. The continued identification of possible safety risks is also a focus. When there is evidence that the product may be effective and has an acceptable safety profile in Phase 2 clinical trials, Phase 3 clinical trials are undertaken to evaluate clinical efficacy and to test for safety within an expanded patient population. Phase 3 trials are completed using multiple clinical study sites which are geographically dispersed. The manufacturer or the FDA may suspend clinical trials at any time if either believes that the individuals participating in the trials are being exposed to unacceptable health risks.

Biologics License Application and FDA Approval Process. The results and details of the pre-clinical studies and clinical trials are submitted to the FDA in the form of a Biologics License Application (BLA), which is equivalent to the New Drug Application (NDA) submitted by companies seeking to market new drugs. If the BLA is approved, the manufacturer may market the product in the United States. Under the Prescription Drug User Fee Act (PDUFA), FDA charges user fees to applicants to offset the costs of its operations. The PDUFA user fee for a new vaccine is over $2 million, unless the applicant obtains a waiver or reduction through certain programs designed to encourage development of certain types of products.

Post-marketing Requirements. FDA frequently imposes post-marketing requirements as a condition of NDA or BLA approval. Common post-marketing requirements include additional clinical trials (Phase 4 trials) or observational studies. Post-marketing requirements are especially relevant to our Ebola and Marburg vaccines. We intend to pursue approval of these vaccines using the accelerated approval process, in which FDA grants approval based on performance against a criterion other than actual protection against the disease but requires the manufacturer to monitor and submit data on efficacy of the approved product. Unlike pathogens such as human papillomavirus, Ebola and Marburg are not constantly in circulation; instead, they occur in sporadic but extremely deadly outbreaks. For this reason, it would be impractical and potentially unethical to attempt to perform a traditional Phase 3 trial in which vaccinated participants are compared against unvaccinated participants to determine the efficacy of the vaccine in preventing infection with Ebola or Marburg. The accelerated approval process allows FDA to approve a new medicine based on its performance against a surrogate endpoint (in the case of Ebola or Marburg, its performance in raising immune responses). We anticipate that, as a condition of receiving accelerated approval, GeoVax would agree to monitor the real-world performance of our Ebola and Marburg vaccines.

International Approval. Whether or not the FDA has approved the drug, approval of a product by regulatory authorities in foreign countries must be obtained prior to the commencement of commercial sales of the drug in such countries. The requirements governing the conduct of clinical trials and drug approvals vary widely from country to country, and the time required for approval may be longer or shorter than that required for FDA approval.

Other Regulations. In addition to FDA regulations, our business activities may also be regulated by the Occupational Safety and Health Act, the Environmental Protection Act, the Toxic Substances Control Act, the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act and other present and potential future federal, state or local regulations. Violations of regulatory requirements at any stage may result in various adverse consequences, including regulatory delay in approving or refusal to approve a product, enforcement actions, including withdrawal of approval, labeling restrictions, seizure of products, fines, injunctions and/or civil or criminal penalties. Any product that we develop must receive all relevant regulatory approvals or clearances before it may be marketed.

Manufacturing

We do not have the facilities or expertise to manufacture any of the clinical or commercial supplies of any of our products. To be successful, our products must be manufactured in commercial quantities in compliance with regulatory requirements and at an acceptable cost. To date, we have not commercialized any products, nor have we demonstrated that we can manufacture commercial quantities of our product candidates in accordance with regulatory requirements. If we cannot manufacture products in suitable quantities and in accordance with regulatory standards, either on our own or through contracts with third parties, it may delay clinical trials, regulatory approvals and marketing efforts for such products. Such delays could adversely affect our competitive position and our chances of achieving profitability. We cannot be sure that we can manufacture, either on our own or through contracts with third parties, such products at a cost or in quantities that are commercially viable.

We currently rely and intend to continue to rely on third-party contract manufacturers to produce vaccines needed for research and clinical trials. We have entered into arrangements with third party manufacturers for the supply of our DNA and MVA vaccines for use in our planned clinical trials. These suppliers operate under the FDA’s Good Manufacturing Practices and (in the case of European manufacturers) similar regulations of the European Medicines Agency. We anticipate that these suppliers will be able to provide sufficient vaccine supplies to complete our currently planned clinical trials. Various contractors are generally available in the United States and Europe for manufacture of vaccines for clinical trial evaluation, however, it may be difficult to replace existing contractors for certain manufacturing and testing activities and costs for contracted services may increase substantially if we switch to other contractors.

Competition

The biopharmaceutical industry and the vaccine market is competitive and subject to rapid and substantial technological change. Developments by others may render our proposed vaccination technologies noncompetitive or obsolete, or we may be unable to keep pace with technological developments or other market factors. Technological competition in the industry from pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, universities, governmental entities and others diversifying into the field is intense and is expected to increase. Many of the pharmaceutical companies that compete with us have significantly greater research and development capabilities than we have, as well as substantially more marketing, manufacturing, and financial resources. In addition, acquisitions of, or investments in, small pharmaceutical or biotechnology companies by such large corporations could increase their research, financial, marketing, manufacturing and other resources. Competitive technologies may ultimately prove to be safer, more effective or less costly than any vaccine that we develop.

There are currently no FDA licensed and commercialized Zika vaccines, Ebola vaccines, Marburg vaccines, Lassa fever or HIV vaccines available in the world market. We are aware of several development-stage and established enterprises, including major pharmaceutical and biotechnology firms, which are actively engaged in vaccine research and development in these areas. For Ebola, these include NewLink Genetics and Merck, Johnson & Johnson, Novavax, Profectus Biosciences, Protein Sciences, Inovio and GlaxoSmithKline. For HIV, these include Novartis, Sanofi and GlaxoSmithKline. Other HIV vaccines are in varying stages of research, testing and clinical trials including those supported by the NIH Vaccine Research Center, the U.S. Military, IAVI, the European Vaccine Initiative, and the South African AIDS Vaccine Initiative. For Zika, these include NewLink Genetics, Inovio, Sanofi, Merck and NIH (NIAID). We may also experience competition from companies that have acquired or may acquire technologies from companies, universities and other research institutions. As these companies develop their technologies, they may develop proprietary technologies which may materially and adversely affect our business.

If any of our competitors develop products with efficacy or safety profiles significantly better than our products, we may not be able to commercialize our products, and sales of any of our commercialized products could be harmed. Some of our competitors and potential competitors have substantially greater product development capabilities and financial, scientific, marketing and human resources than we do. Competitors may develop products earlier, obtain FDA approvals for products more rapidly, or develop products that are more effective than those under development by us. We will seek to expand our technological capabilities to remain competitive; however, research and development by others may render our technologies or products obsolete or noncompetitive, or result in treatments or cures superior to ours.

Our competitive position will be affected by the disease indications addressed by our product candidates and those of our competitors, the timing of market introduction for these products and the stage of development of other technologies to address these disease indications. For us and our competitors, proprietary technologies, the ability to complete clinical trials on a timely basis and with the desired results, and the ability to obtain timely regulatory approvals to market these product candidates are likely to be significant competitive factors. Other important competitive factors will include the efficacy, safety, ease of use, reliability, availability and price of products and the ability to fund operations during the period between technological conception and commercial sales.

Our Intellectual Property

We will be able to protect our proprietary rights from unauthorized use by third parties only to the extent that our proprietary rights are described by valid and enforceable patents or are effectively maintained as trade secrets. Accordingly, we are pursuing and will continue to pursue patent protection for our proprietary technologies obtained or developed through our collaborations with Emory University, the NIH, and the CDC, or developed by us alone. Our patent portfolio, described more fully below, includes applications directed to DNA and MVA based HIV vaccines, their genetic inserts expressing multiple HIV protein components, composition, structure, claim of immunization against multiple subtypes of HIV, routes of administration, safety and other related factors and methods of therapeutic and prophylactic use thereof including administration regimes. Also included are applications directed to preventive vaccines against Ebola, Marburg, Lassa virus, HBV, CMV and Zika virus and use thereof, as well as immuno-oncology vaccine compositions and methods of use thereof. We are the licensee of at least nine issued or allowed U.S. patents and at least fourteen issued or allowed non-U.S. patents. We are actively pursuing five U.S. provisional applications and two international patent applications as the owner of record, in addition to at least four U.S. patent applications and at least fourteen non-U.S. patent applications in five jurisdictions under license.

We are the exclusive, worldwide licensee of a number of patents and patent applications, which we refer to as the Emory Technology, owned, licensed or otherwise controlled by Emory University for HIV or smallpox vaccines pursuant to a License Agreement originally entered into on August 23, 2002 and restated on June 23, 2004, which we refer to as the Emory License. Through the Emory License we are also a non-exclusive licensee of four issued United States patents owned by the NIH related to the ability of our MVA vector vaccine to operate as a vehicle to deliver HIV virus antigens, and also to induce an immune response in humans. The four issued United States patents owned by the NIH expire in 2023. All of our obligations with respect to the HIV NIH-owned MVA patents are covered by the Emory License. The Emory License expires on the expiration date of the last to expire of the patents licensed thereunder including those that are issued on patents currently pending. We will not know the final termination date of the Emory License until such patents are issued. The Company may terminate the Emory University License upon 90 days’ written notice. The Emory License also contains standard provisions allowing Emory University to terminate upon breach of contract by the Company or upon the Company’s bankruptcy. We may only use the Emory Technology for therapeutic or prophylactic HIV or smallpox vaccines. Emory University also reserved the right to use the Emory Technology for research, educational and non-commercial clinical purposes. Due to the use of federal funds in the development of the Emory Technology, the U.S. Government has the irrevocable, royalty-free, paid-up right to practice and have practiced certain patents throughout the world, should it choose to exercise such rights.

The Emory License, among other contractual obligations, requires payments based on the following:

●

Milestone Payments. An aggregate of $3,450,000 is potentially due to Emory University in the future upon the achievement of clinical development and regulatory approval milestones as defined in the Emory License. To date, we have paid a nominal milestone fee upon entering Phase 2 clinical trials for our preventive HIV/AIDS vaccine.

●	Maintenance Fees. The Company has achieved the specified milestones and met its obligations with regard to the related payments, and no maintenance fees are (or will be) owed to Emory University.

●

Royalties. Upon commercialization of products covered by the Emory License, we will owe royalties to Emory University of between 5% and 7.5%, depending on annual sales volume, of net sales made directly by GeoVax. The Emory License also requires minimum annual royalty payments of $3 million in the third year following product launch, increasing annually to $12 million in the sixth year.

●

Sublicense Royalties. In the event that we sublicense a covered product to a third party, we will owe royalties to Emory University based on all cash or noncash compensation we receive from our sublicensees. Those royalties will be 19% of all sublicensing consideration we receive prior to the first commercial sale of a related product. Commencing with the first commercial sale, the royalty owed to Emory University will be 27.5% of all sublicensing consideration we receive.

●

Patent Reimbursements. During the term of the Emory License, we are obligated to reimburse Emory University for ongoing third party costs in connection with the filing, prosecution and maintenance of patent applications subject to the Emory License. The expense associated with these ongoing patent cost reimbursements to Emory University amounted to $113,914, $179,958, and $98,042 for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively.

We are not a party to any litigation, opposition, interference, or other potentially adverse proceeding with regard to our patent positions. However, if we become involved in litigation, interference proceedings, oppositions or other intellectual property proceedings, for example as a result of an alleged infringement or a third-party alleging an earlier date of invention, we may have to spend significant amounts of money and time and, in the event of an adverse ruling, we could be subject to liability for damages, invalidation of our intellectual property and injunctive relief that could prevent us from using technologies or developing products, any of which could have a significant adverse effect on our business, financial conditions or results of operations. In addition, any claims relating to the infringement of third-party proprietary rights, or earlier date of invention, even if not meritorious, could result in costly litigation, lengthy governmental proceedings, divert management’s attention and resources and require us to enter royalty or license agreements which are not advantageous if available at all.

In addition to patent protection, we also attempt to protect our proprietary products, processes and other information by relying on trade secrets and non-disclosure agreements with our employees, consultants and certain other persons who have access to such products, processes and information. Under these agreements, all inventions conceived by employees are our exclusive property. Nevertheless, there can be no assurance that these agreements will afford significant protection against misappropriation or unauthorized disclosure of our trade secrets and confidential information.

We cannot be certain that any of the current pending patent applications we have licensed, or any new patent applications we may file or license, will ever be issued in the United States or any other country. Even if issued, there can be no assurance that those patents will be sufficiently broad to prevent others from using our products or processes. Furthermore, our patents, as well as those we have licensed or may license in the future, may be held invalid or unenforceable by a court, or third parties could obtain patents that we would need to either license or to design around, which we may be unable to do. Current and future competitors may have licensed or filed patent applications or received patents, and may acquire additional patents or proprietary rights relating to products or processes competitive to ours. In addition, any claims relating to the infringement of third-party proprietary rights, or earlier date of invention, even if not meritorious, could result in costly litigation, lengthy governmental proceedings, divert management’s attention and resources and require us to enter royalty or license agreements which are not advantageous to us, if available at all.

Research and Development

Our expenditures for research and development activities were $1,693,102, $1,812,969, and $2,914,878 during the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. As our vaccines continue to go through the process to obtain regulatory approval, we expect our research and development costs to increase as human clinical trials proceed. We have not yet formulated any plans for marketing and sales of any vaccine candidate we may successfully develop. Compliance with environmental protection laws and regulations has not had a material effect on our capital expenditures, earnings or competitive position to date.

Properties and Employees

We lease approximately 8,400 square feet of office and laboratory space located at 1900 Lake Park Drive, Suite 380, Smyrna, Georgia under a lease agreement which expires on December 31, 2016, with a 12-month renewal option. We believe this space is adequate for our current needs. As of March 15, 2016, we had six full-time and three part-time employees. None of our employees are covered by collective bargaining agreements and we believe that our employee relations are good.

Corporate Background

Our primary business is conducted by our subsidiary, GeoVax, Inc., which was incorporated under the laws of Georgia in June 2001. The predecessor of our parent company, GeoVax Labs, Inc. (the reporting entity) was originally incorporated in June 1988 under the laws of Illinois as Dauphin Technology, Inc. (“Dauphin”). In September 2006, Dauphin completed a merger with GeoVax, Inc. As a result of the merger, GeoVax, Inc. became a wholly-owned subsidiary of Dauphin, and Dauphin changed its name to GeoVax Labs, Inc. In June 2008, the Company was reincorporated under the laws of Delaware. We currently do not conduct any business other than GeoVax, Inc.’s business of developing new products for the treatment or prevention of human diseases. Our principal offices are located in Smyrna, Georgia (metropolitan Atlanta).

available information

Our website address is www.geovax.com. We make available on this website under “Investors – SEC Reports,” free of charge, our proxy statements, annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and amendments to those reports as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file or furnish such materials to the SEC. We also make available our Code of Ethics on this website under the heading “Investors – Corporate Governance”. Information contained on our website is not incorporated into this prospectus.

selected financial data

The following selected financial data are derived from our audited consolidated financial statements. The historical results presented below are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for any future period. The information set forth below should be read in conjunction with the information contained in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations”, and our consolidated financial statements and the related notes, beginning on page F-1 of this prospectus.

	Years Ended December 31,
	2015			2014			2013			2012			2011
Statement of Operations Data:
Total revenues (grant income)	$	428,081		$	882,956		$	2,417,550		$	2,657,327		$	4,899,885
Net loss		(2,689,287	)		(2,733,555	)		(2,284,943	)		(2,135,140	)		(2,346,826	)
Basic and diluted net loss per common share		(0.08	)		(0.10	)		(0.11	)		(0.12	)		(0.15	)

	As of December 31,
	2015		2014		2013		2012		2011
Balance Sheet Data:
Total assets		1,331,593		1,333,198		2,839,576		1,477,970		1,645,142
Total stockholders’ equity		1,204,603		1,146,175		2,527,227		1,150,935		703,607

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF
FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read together with “Selected Financial Data” and our consolidated financial statements and the related notes, beginning on page F-1 of this prospectus. This discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties because they are based on current expectations and relate to future events and our future financial performance. Our actual results may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of many important factors, including those set forth under “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this prospectus. Also see “Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.”

Overview

GeoVax is a clinical-stage biotechnology company developing human vaccines using our novel platform technology. Our current development programs are focused on HIV, hemorrhagic fever viruses, Zika virus, and cancer immunotherapy. Our HIV vaccine technology was developed in collaboration with researchers at Emory University, the NIH, and the CDC, and is exclusively licensed to us from Emory University. We also have nonexclusive licenses to certain patents owned by the NIH. Our hemorrhagic fever and Zika vaccines, and our cancer immunotherapy program, are being developed with technology licensed to us from the NIH.

Our most advanced HIV vaccine development efforts are focused on a preventive vaccine to address the clade B subtype of the HIV virus that is most prevalent in the developed world (primarily North America and Western Europe). All of the clinical trials for our preventive HIV vaccine (through Phase 2a) have been conducted by the HIV Vaccine Trials Network (HVTN) with funding from the NIH, and we expect additional clinical trials for this program to be funded by the NIH. We have also begun preclinical studies to develop an HIV vaccine candidate for the clade C subtype of HIV prevalent in the developing world (primarily sub-Saharan Africa and India); this work is currently being supported by NIH grants.

Our hemorrhagic fever vaccine development effort began in 2014 and we are currently conducting preclinical animal studies through a collaboration with the NIH. Our cancer immunotherapy program began in late 2015 and we are currently constructing vaccines to be evaluated and tested through a collaboration with the University of Pittsburgh. Our Zika virus vaccine development effort began in early 2016 and we are currently constructing vaccines to be evaluated and tested through a collaborations with the University of Georgia and with the CDC.

We have neither received regulatory approval for any of our vaccine candidates, nor do we have any commercialization capabilities; therefore, it is possible that we may never successfully derive significant product revenues from any of our existing or future development programs or product candidates.

We expect for the foreseeable future our operations will result in a net loss on a quarterly and annual basis. As of December 31, 2015, we had an accumulated deficit of $32.5 million.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

This discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based on our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The preparation of these financial statements requires management to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. On an ongoing basis, management evaluates its estimates and adjusts the estimates as necessary. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ materially from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

Our significant accounting policies are summarized in Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2015. We believe the following critical accounting policies affect our more significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements:

Revenue Recognition

We recognize revenue in accordance with the SEC’s Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 101, Revenue Recognition in Financial Statements, as amended by Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 104, Revenue Recognition, (“SAB 104”). SAB 104 provides guidance in applying U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) to revenue recognition issues, and specifically addresses revenue recognition for upfront, nonrefundable fees received in connection with research collaboration agreements. During 2015, 2014 and 2013, our revenue consisted of grant funding received from the NIH. Revenue from these arrangements is approximately equal to the costs incurred and is recorded as income as the related costs are incurred.

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASU 2014-09”), which creates a new Topic, Accounting Standards Codification Topic 606. The standard is principle-based and provides a five-step model to determine when and how revenue is recognized. The core principle is that an entity should recognize revenue when it transfers promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. ASU 2014-09 is effective for the Company beginning in 2017 and allows for either full retrospective adoption or modified retrospective adoption. We are currently evaluating the impact of the adoption of ASU 2014-09 on our financial statements.

Stock-Based Compensation

We account for stock-based transactions in which the Company receives services from employees, directors or others in exchange for equity instruments based on the fair value of the award at the grant date. Compensation cost for awards of common stock is estimated based on the price of the underlying common stock on the date of issuance. Compensation cost for stock options or warrants is estimated at the grant date based on each instrument’s fair value as calculated by the Black-Scholes option pricing model. We recognize stock-based compensation cost as expense ratably on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period for the award.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

At December 31, 2015, we had cash and cash equivalents of $1,060,348 and total assets of $1,331,593, as compared to $1,101,651 and $1,333,198, respectively, at December 31, 2014. Working capital totaled $1,109,985 at December 31, 2015, compared to $1,038,472 at December 31, 2014.

Sources and Uses of Cash

We have funded our activities to date primarily from government grants and clinical trial assistance, and from sales of our equity securities. Due to our significant research and development expenditures, we have not been profitable and have generated operating losses since our inception in 2001. We will continue to require substantial funds to continue these activities. Our primary sources of cash are from sales of our equity securities and from government grant funding. We believe that our existing cash resources, combined with the proceeds from the NIH grants discussed below will be sufficient to fund our planned operations into the third quarter of 2016. We will require additional funds to continue our planned operations beyond that date. We are currently seeking sources of non-dilutive capital through government grant programs and clinical trial support, and we may also conduct additional offerings of our equity securities. However, additional funding may not be available on favorable terms or at all and if we fail to obtain additional capital when needed, we may be required to delay, scale back, or eliminate some or all of our research and development programs as well as reduce our general and administrative expenses.

Cash Flows from Operating Activities

Net cash used in operating activities was $2,705,263, $2,250,107, and $1,694,592 for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Generally, the differences between periods are due to fluctuations in our net losses, offset by non-cash charges such as depreciation and stock-based compensation expense, and by net changes in our assets and liabilities. Our net losses generally fluctuate based on expenditures for our research activities, partially offset by government grant revenues.

The NIH has funded the costs of conducting all of our human clinical trials (Phase 1 and Phase 2a) to date for our preventive HIV vaccines, with GeoVax incurring certain costs associated with manufacturing the clinical vaccine supplies and other study support. We expect the NIH to fund the cost of another Phase 1 trial (HVTN 114) of our preventive HIV vaccine to begin in mid-2016, which will investigate the effect of adding a “protein boost” component to our vaccine. The HVTN and NIH are continuing to consider future efficacy studies. The plans for large-scale clinical trials may change as researchers continue to gather information from our earlier studies and are influenced by results from other vaccine trials. Trial start dates are dependent on many factors and are likely to change. While efforts are underway to evaluate the protein boost concept, we are also seeking funding to expedite our vaccine (without the additional protein boost) directly into a Phase 2b efficacy trial. There is no assurance we will be successful in securing the funding for advancing directly to a Phase 2b trial.

During 2014, we completed a Phase 1 clinical trial (GV-TH-01) investigating the therapeutic use of our GOVX-B11 vaccine in HIV-infected patients. Future therapeutic studies of our vaccine may investigate the vaccine’s ability to act as a “shock agent” in a shock and kill therapy in combination with standard of care antiretroviral drug therapy to seek a cure for HIV infection. We are currently not contemplating the use of any of our existing cash resources for this program. The timetable and specific plans for additional clinical studies will be dependent upon our ability to secure external funding for the program, and on the nature of any potential collaborations we may establish.

Our hemorrhagic fever vaccine program began in late 2014, and our primary activities during 2015 were focused on constructing the vaccines and conducting preclinical animal studies. During April 2015, we entered into a Research Collaboration Agreement with the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease (NIAID), part of NIH, pursuant to which NIAID is contributing certain materials and carrying out animal protection studies in small animals. We plan to conduct additional challenge studies in non-human primates together with NIH during 2016 with the goal of beginning human clinical trials during 2017. In February 2016 we entered into a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement for material transfer with the United States Army Research Institute of Infectious Disease (USAMRIID). This agreement provides us with access to Ebola, Marburg and Lassa fever monoclonal antibodies for in vitro vaccine characterization, with USAMRIID will performing in vitro and in vivo assessment of our vaccine candidates.

In February 2016, we began a program to develop a vaccine for the prevention of Zika virus infections using our MVA-VLP vaccine platform, and we entered into a Collaborative Research Agreement with the University of Georgia (UGA). Pursuant to this collaboration, we will develop vaccine antigens that elicit broadly reactive immunity against Zika viruses and UGA will test those vaccines in preclinical models. We are also collaborating with the CDC for reagents and testing of vaccines. We intend to conduct the initial proof-of-concept animal studies during the first half of 2016.

In addition to clinical trial support from the NIH for our preventive HIV vaccines and collaborative research support from NIAID for our hemorrhagic fever vaccine program, our operations have been partially funded by NIH research grants for our HIV program. As of December 31, 2015, there was $100,469 of unused grant funds available for use during the first half of 2016. We are pursuing additional grants from the federal government for our vaccine development programs but cannot be assured of success.

Cash Flows from Investing Activities

Our investing activities have consisted predominantly of capital expenditures. Capital expenditures for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, were $15,850, $35,503, and $86,603, respectively.

Cash Flows from Financing Activities

Net cash provided by financing activities was $2,679,810, $873,400, and $3,259,131 for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively.

In January 2013, we reduced the exercise price of 2,933,333 of certain stock purchase warrants from $0.75 to $0.60 per share. In consideration for the reduction of the exercise price, the holders of the warrants immediately exercised 1,766,667 of the warrants for cash, resulting in total proceeds to the Company of $1,060,000. We also extended the expiration date of the 1,166,666 unexercised warrants. In May 2013, we reduced the exercise price of the 1,166,666 remaining warrants from $0.60 to $0.50 per share. In consideration for the reduction of the exercise price, the holders of the warrants immediately exercised all of the remaining warrants for cash, resulting in total proceeds to the Company of $583,333.

In December 2013, we sold 1,650 shares of our Series B Convertible Preferred Stock to a group of institutional investors for an aggregate purchase price of $1.65 million. Net proceeds to the Company, after deduction of transaction expenses, were approximately $1.6 million.

In October 2014, we entered into an agreement with certain warrant holders to purchase shares of our common stock with respect to the payment to them of a warrant exercise fee of $0.075 per share for each share purchased upon exercise of warrants held by them. In exchange for the fee, they immediately exercised warrants for an aggregate of 3,176,000 shares of our common stock, resulting in proceeds to us of $873,400 (net of the exercise fee).

In February 2015, we sold shares of Series C convertible preferred stock for an aggregate purchase price of $3.0 million. Net proceeds to the Company were approximately $2.7 million. As part of this transaction, we also issued several series stock purchase warrants. In February 2016, we entered into an agreement with the warrant holders with respect to amending the terms of certain of these warrants. Pursuant to the agreement, we extended the term of the warrants by six months (to August 27, 2016), and we agreed to pay each warrant holder an exercise fee of $0.02916 per share for each share purchased upon exercise of the warrants. The warrant holders agreed to promptly exercise an aggregate of 3,664,588 the warrants, for which we received $238,198 in total net proceeds (after deduction of the warrant exercise fee). The remaining warrants that expire on August 27, 2016, if exercised in full, would result in net cash proceeds to us (after deduction of the warrant exercise fee) of approximately $845,000.

Our capital requirements, particularly as they relate to our research and development activities, have been and will continue to be significant. We anticipate incurring additional losses for several years as we expand our clinical programs and proceed into higher cost human clinical trials. Conducting clinical trials for our vaccine candidates in development is a lengthy, time-consuming and expensive process. We will not generate revenues from the sale of our technology or products for at least several years, if at all. For the foreseeable future, we will be dependent on obtaining financing from third parties in order to maintain our operations, including our clinical program. Such capital may not be available on terms acceptable to the Company or at all. If we fail to obtain additional funding when needed, we would be forced to scale back or terminate our operations, or to seek to merge with or to be acquired by another company.

We expect that our current working capital combined with the remaining available funds from the NIH grants will be sufficient to support our planned level of operations into the third quarter of 2016. We will require additional funds to continue our planned operations beyond that date. We are currently seeking sources of non-dilutive capital through government grant programs and clinical trial support, and we may also conduct additional offerings of our equity securities, although there can be no assurance that we will be able to do so. While we believe that we will be successful in obtaining the necessary financing to fund our operations through government grants and clinical trial support, exercise of stock purchase warrants, or other sources, there can be no assurances that such additional funding will be available to us on reasonable terms or at all. Should the financing we require to sustain our working capital needs be unavailable or prohibitively expensive when we require it, the consequences could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, financial condition and prospects.

We have no off-balance sheet arrangements that are likely or reasonably likely to have a material effect on our financial condition or results of operations.

Contractual Obligations

Contractual obligations represent future cash commitments and liabilities under agreements with third parties, and exclude contingent liabilities for which we cannot reasonably predict future payment. Additionally, the expected timing of payment of the obligations presented below is estimated based on current information. Timing of payments and actual amounts paid may be different depending on the timing of receipt of goods or services or changes to agreed-upon terms or amounts for some obligations.

The following table represents our contractual obligations as of December 31, 2015, aggregated by type (in thousands):

	Payments Due by Period
Contractual Obligations	Total		Less than 1 Year		1-3 Years		4-5 Years		More than 5 years
Operating Lease Obligations ⁽¹⁾	$	149	$	149	$	--	$	--	$	--
Firm Purchase Commitments ⁽²⁾		73		73		--		--		--
Emory University – License Agreement ⁽³⁾		--		--		--		--		--
Total	$	222	$	222	$	--	$	--	$	--

(1)

Our operating lease obligations relate to the facility lease for our 8,430 square foot facility in Smyrna, Georgia, which houses our laboratory operations and our administrative offices. The lease (as amended), expires on December 31, 2016, with a 12-month renewal option.

(2)

Firm purchase commitments relate to contracts for research activities related to NIH grants.

(3)

Pursuant to the Emory License, we have committed to make potential future milestone and royalty payments which are contingent upon the occurrence of future events. Such events include development milestones, regulatory approvals and product sales. Because the achievement of these milestones is currently neither probable nor reasonably estimable, the contingent payments have not been included in the table above or recorded on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. The aggregate total of all potential milestone payments included in the Emory License (excluding royalties on net sales) is approximately $3.5 million.

As of December 31, 2015, except as disclosed in the table above, we had no other material firm purchase obligations or commitments for capital expenditures and no committed lines of credit or other committed funding or long-term debt. We have employment agreements with our executive officers, each of which may be terminated with no more than 90 days advance written notice.

Net Operating Loss Carryforwards

At December 31, 2015, we had consolidated net operating loss carryforwards for income tax purposes of $67.2 million, which will expire in 2019 through 2035 if not utilized. We also have research and development tax credits of approximately $894,000 available to reduce income taxes, if any, which will expire in 2022 through 2035 if not utilized. The amount of net operating loss carryforwards and research tax credits available to reduce income taxes in any particular year may be limited in certain circumstances. Based on an assessment of all available evidence including, but not limited to, our limited operating history in our core business and lack of profitability, uncertainties of the commercial viability of our technology, the impact of government regulation and healthcare reform initiatives, and other risks normally associated with biotechnology companies, we have concluded that it is more likely than not that these net operating loss carryforwards and credits will not be realized and, as a result, a 100% deferred tax valuation allowance has been recorded against these assets.

Results of Operations

Net Loss

We recorded net losses of $2,689,287, $2,733,555, and $2,284,943 for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Our operating results typically fluctuate due to the timing of activities and related costs associated with our vaccine research and development activities and our general and administrative costs, as described in more detail below.

Grant Revenue

We recorded grant revenues of $428,081, $882,956, and $2,417,550 for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Grant revenues relate to grants from the NIH in support of our HIV vaccine development activities. We record revenue associated with these grants as the related costs and expenses are incurred. The difference in our grant revenues from period to period is directly related to our expenditures for activities supported by the grants, and can fluctuate significantly based on the timing of the related expenditures. There is an aggregate of approximately $100,469 in approved grant funds remaining and available for use as of December 31, 2015, which we anticipate recognizing as revenue during 2016. Additional detail concerning our grant revenues is discussed below.

In September 2007, the NIH awarded us an Integrated Preclinical/Clinical AIDS Vaccine Development (IPCAVD) grant entitled “GM-CSF-Adjuvanted Clade C DNA/MVA and MVA/MVA Vaccines”. The aggregate award (including subsequent amendments) totaled approximately $20.4 million. We recorded grant revenues of $75,464, $624,689, and $833,390 for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively, related to this grant, and all funding pursuant to this grant has been utilized as of December 31, 2015.

In September 2012, the NIH awarded us a supplement to the 2007 IPCAVD grant entitled “Immunogens and Manufacturing” to support our HIV/AIDS vaccine development program. The grant award was for approximately $1.9 million. We recorded grant revenues of $-0-, $-0-, and $1,429,597 for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively, related to this grant, and all funding pursuant to this grant has been utilized as of December 31, 2015.

In July 2013, the NIH awarded us a Small Business Innovative Research (SBIR) grant entitled “Enhancing Protective Antibody Responses for a GM-CSF Adjuvanted HIV Vaccine.” The initial grant award was $276,690 for the first year of a two year project period beginning August 1, 2013. In July 2014, the NIH awarded us $289,641 for the second year of the project period. We recorded grant revenues of $153,501, $258,267, and $154,563 for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively, related to this grant, and all funding pursuant to this grant has been utilized as of December 31, 2015.

In June 2015, the NIH awarded us an SBIR grant entitled “Directed Lineage Immunizations for Eliciting Broadly Neutralizing Antibody.” The initial grant award was $299,585 for the first year of a two year project period beginning July 1, 2015. We recorded grant revenues of $199,116, $-0-, and $-0- for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively, related to this grant, and there is approximately $100,469 in remaining grant funds available as of December 31, 2015.

Research and Development

Our research and development expenses were $1,693,102, $1,812,969, and $2,914,878 for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Research and development expense for these periods includes stock-based compensation expense of $22,083, $32,134, and $41,539 for 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively (see discussion under “Stock-Based Compensation Expense” below). Since our inception, all of our research and development efforts have been focused on development of human vaccines – initially with a focus on HIV/AIDS vaccines, and with recent expansion to vaccines for hemorrhagic fever viruses (Ebola, Marburg and Lassa), Zika virus, and for use in cancer immunotherapy. Our research activities conducted pursuant to our NIH grants are also focused solely on the development of human vaccines.

Historically, we have not fully accounted for and disclosed our internal research and development expenses by project, since our employees’ time is spread across multiple programs and our internal laboratory facility is used for multiple vaccine candidates. We track the direct cost of government grant revenue and research and development expenses by the percentage of assigned employees’ time spent on each grant and other direct costs associated with each grant. Indirect costs associated with grants are not tracked separately, but are applied based on a contracted overhead rate negotiated with the NIH. Therefore, the recorded revenues associated with government grants approximates the costs incurred. We believe that additional project-by-project information would not form a reasonable basis for disclosure to our investors.

Our research and development expenses can fluctuate considerably on a period-to-period basis, depending on our need for vaccine manufacturing by third parties, the timing of expenditures related to our grants from the NIH, the timing of costs associated with clinical trials being funding directly by us, and other factors. The overall decrease in research and development expense from 2013 to 2014 can mostly be attributed to lower expenditures related to the activities supported by our grants from the NIH, and lower expenditures associated with a Phase 1 trial of our therapeutic HIV vaccine, which was completed during the first quarter of 2014. We have not received any government support for clinical trials of our therapeutic vaccine. Our research and development costs do not include costs incurred by the HVTN in conducting clinical trials of our preventive HIV vaccines; those costs are funded directly to the HVTN by the NIH.

We cannot predict the level of support we may receive from the HVTN, NIH, or other federal agencies (or divisions thereof) for our future clinical trials. We expect that our research and development costs will increase in the future as we progress into the later stage human clinical trials for our HIV vaccines and as we expand our vaccine development programs.

Our vaccine candidates still require significant, time-consuming and costly research and development, testing and regulatory clearances. Completion of clinical development will take several years or more, but the length of time generally varies substantially according to the type, complexity, novelty and intended use of a product candidate. The NIH has funded the costs of conducting all of our completed and ongoing human clinical trials to date for our preventive HIV vaccine, with GeoVax incurring costs associated with manufacturing the clinical vaccine supplies and other study support. We are having discussions with the HVTN and NIH with regard to the conduct of an additional trial of our preventive vaccine, and we expect the NIH will provide support for this trial as well. We intend to seek government and/or third party support for future clinical human trials, but there can be no assurance that we will be successful.

We do not provide forward-looking estimates of costs and time to complete our research programs due to the many uncertainties associated with vaccine development. As we obtain data from pre-clinical studies and clinical trials, we may elect to discontinue or delay vaccine development programs in order to focus our resources on more promising vaccine candidates. Completion of clinical trials may take several years or more, but the length of time can vary substantially depending upon the phase, size of clinical trial, primary and secondary endpoints and the intended use of the vaccine candidate. The duration and the cost of future clinical trials may vary significantly over the life of the project as a result of differences arising during development of the human clinical trial protocols, including, among others:

●

the number of patients that ultimately participate in the clinical trial;

●

the duration of patient follow-up that seems appropriate in view of the results;

●

the number of clinical sites included in the clinical trials; and

●

the length of time required to enroll suitable patient subjects.

Due to the uncertainty regarding the timing and regulatory approval of clinical trials and pre-clinical studies, our future expenditures are likely to be highly volatile in future periods depending on the outcomes of the trials and studies. From time to time, we will make determinations as to how much funding to direct to these programs in response to their scientific, clinical and regulatory success, anticipated market opportunity and the availability of capital to fund our programs.

In developing our product candidates, we are subject to a number of risks that are inherent in the development of products based on innovative technologies. For example, it is possible that our vaccines may be ineffective or toxic, or will otherwise fail to receive the necessary regulatory clearances, causing us to delay, extend or terminate our product development efforts. Any failure by us to obtain, or any delay in obtaining, regulatory approvals could cause our research and development expenditures to increase which, in turn, could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and cash flows. Because of the uncertainties of clinical trials, estimating the completion dates or cost to complete our research and development programs is highly speculative and subjective. As a result of these factors, we are unable to accurately estimate the nature, timing and future costs necessary to complete the development of our product candidates. In addition, we are unable to reasonably estimate the period when material net cash inflows could commence from the sale, licensing or commercialization of such product candidates, if ever.

General and Administrative Expense

Our general and administrative expenses were $1,429,731, $1,807,605, and $1,792,160 for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. General and administrative costs include officers’ salaries, legal and accounting costs, patent costs, amortization expense associated with intangible assets, and other general corporate expenses. General and administrative expense includes stock-based compensation expense of $45,822, $446,969, and $360,565 for 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively (see discussion under “Stock-Based Compensation Expense” below). We expect that our general and administrative costs may increase in the future in support of expanded research and development activities and other general corporate activities.

Stock-Based Compensation Expense

For the three years ended December 31, 2015, the components of stock-based compensation expense were as follows:

	2015		2014		2013
Stock option expense	$	67,905	$	101,191	$	143,435
Stock issued for services		-		100,000		20,500
Warrant modification expense		-		277,912		238,169
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	67,905	$	479,103	$	402,104

In general, stock-based compensation expense is allocated to research and development expense or general and administrative expense according to the classification of cash compensation paid to the employee, consultant or director to whom the stock compensation was granted. For the three years ended December 31, 2015, stock-based compensation expense was allocated as follows:

	2015		2014		2013
General and administrative expense	$	45,822	$	446,969	$	360,565
Research and development expense		22,083		32,134		41,539
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	67,905	$	479,103	$	402,104

Other Income

Interest income was $5,465, $4,063, and $4,545 for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. The variances between years are primarily attributable to the cash available for investment and to interest rate fluctuations.

Impact of Inflation

For the three year period ended December 31, 2015, we do not believe that inflation and changing prices had a material impact on our operations or on our financial results.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We have not entered into off-balance sheet financing arrangements, other than operating leases.

SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF
PRINCIPAL STOCKHOLDERS, DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS

Based solely upon information made available to us, the following table sets forth information with respect to the beneficial ownership of our common stock as of March 4, 2016 by (1) each director; (2) each of our Named Executive Officers; (3) all executive officers and directors as a group; and (4) each additional person who is known by us to beneficially own more than 5% of our common stock. Except as otherwise indicated, the holders listed below have sole voting and investment power with respect to all shares of common stock beneficially owned by them.

Name of Beneficial Owner (1)	Amount and Nature of Beneficial Ownership		Percent of Class (2)
Directors and Executive Officers:
Randal D. Chase (3)		40,000		-
David A. Dodd (4)		407,124		1.1	%
Farshad Guirakhoo		-		-
Dean G. Kollintzas (5)		178,712		*
Robert T. McNally (6)		291,380		*
Mark W. Reynolds (7)		267,000		*
Harriet L. Robinson (8)		1,507,607		4.0	%
John N. Spencer, Jr. (9)		210,412		*
All executive officers and directors as a group (8 persons) (10)		2,902,235		7.6	%
Other 5% Stockholders:
Emory University (11)		4,621,405		12.5	%
Sabby Healthcare Master Fund, Ltd (12)		3,976,500		9.99	%
Sabby Volatility Warrant Master Fund, Ltd (13)		3,981,700		9.99	%
___________

* Less than 1%

(1)	Except as otherwise indicated, the business address of each director and executive officer listed is c/o GeoVax Labs, Inc., 1900 Lake Park Drive, Suite 380, Smyrna, Georgia 30080.

(2)

This table is based upon information supplied by officers and directors, and with respect to principal stockholders, Schedules 13D and 13G filed with the SEC. Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with the rules of the SEC. Applicable percentage ownership is based on 37,015,401 shares of common stock outstanding as of March 4, 2016. In computing the number of shares beneficially owned by a person and the percentage ownership of that person, shares of common stock subject to options or warrants currently exercisable, or exercisable within 60 days of March 4, 2016, as well as shares of preferred stock which may be converted at any time at the option of the holder, are deemed outstanding.

(3)	Includes options to purchase 40,000 shares of common stock exercisable within 60 days of March 4, 2016

(4)	Includes options and warrants to purchase 279,399 shares of common stock exercisable within 60 days of March 4, 2016.

(5)	Includes options and warrants to purchase 163,787 shares of common stock exercisable within 60 days of March 4, 2016.

(6)	Includes options and warrants to purchase 249,175 shares of common stock exercisable within 60 days of March 4, 2016.

(7)	Includes options and warrants to purchase 201,000 shares of common stock exercisable within 60 days of March 4, 2016.

(8)	Includes options and warrants to purchase 333,881 shares of common stock exercisable within 60 days of March 4, 2016.

(9)	Includes options and warrants to purchase 163,787 shares of common stock exercisable within 60 days of March 4, 2016. Mr. Spencer shares voting and investment power with his spouse with respect to 46,625 shares and a warrant for 22,388 shares which are owned jointly by them.

(10)	Includes options and warrants to purchase 1,391,029 shares of common stock exercisable within 60 days of March 4, 2016. Unless otherwise noted, none of our Directors or Executive Officers have pledged any of their beneficially-owned shares as security for any obligation.

(11)	The address for this stockholder is Administration Building, 201 Dowman Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322.

(12)

The address for this stockholder is c/o Ogier Fiduciary Services (Cayman) Limited, 89 Nexus Way, Camana Bay, Grand Cayman KY1-9007, Cayman Islands. Includes 1,187,427 shares of common stock, 15,280,331 shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of Series C Preferred Stock, and warrants to purchase 15,438,038 shares of common stock exercisable within 60 days of March 4, 2016. The Series C Preferred Stock, and the warrants owned by this stockholder contain exercise and conversion limitations providing that a holder thereof may not convert or exercise (as the case may be) to the extent (but only to the extent) that, if after giving effect to such conversion or exercise (as the case may be), the holder or any of its affiliates would beneficially own in excess of either 4.99% (for conversion of the Series C Preferred Stock) or 9.99% for exercise of warrants (the “Maximum Percentage”) of the outstanding shares of common stock immediately after giving effect to such conversion or exercise (as the case may be). To the extent the above limitation applies, the determination of whether a share of preferred stock or warrant shall be exercisable or convertible (vis-à-vis other convertible, exercisable or exchangeable securities owned by the holder) shall, subject to such Maximum Percentage limitation, be determined on the basis of the first submission to the Company for conversion, exercise or exchange (as the case may be). Sabby Management, LLC shares voting and investment power with respect to these shares on behalf of this stockholder. As manager of Sabby Management, LLC, Hal Mintz also shares voting and investment power on behalf of this stockholder. Each of Sabby Management, LLC and Hal Mintz disclaim beneficial ownership over the securities listed except to the extent of their pecuniary interest therein. Except as described above, none of the holders has had, within the past three years, any position, office or other material relationship with the Company or any of our predecessors or affiliates.

(13)

The address for this stockholder is c/o Ogier Fiduciary Services (Cayman) Limited, 89 Nexus Way, Camana Bay, Grand Cayman KY1-9007, Cayman Islands. Includes 1,139,966 shares of common stock, 15,180,331 shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of Series C Preferred Stock, and warrants to purchase 15,438,038 shares of common stock exercisable within 60 days of March 4, 2016. The Series C Preferred Stock, and the warrants owned by this stockholder contain exercise and conversion limitations providing that a holder thereof may not convert or exercise (as the case may be) to the extent (but only to the extent) that, if after giving effect to such conversion or exercise (as the case may be), the holder or any of its affiliates would beneficially own in excess of 4.99% (for conversion of the Series C Preferred Stock) or 9.99% (for exercise of warrants) (the “Maximum Percentage”) of the outstanding shares of common stock immediately after giving effect to such conversion or exercise (as the case may be). To the extent the above limitation applies, the determination of whether a share of preferred stock or warrant shall be exercisable or convertible (vis-à-vis other convertible, exercisable or exchangeable securities owned by the holder) shall, subject to such Maximum Percentage limitation, be determined on the basis of the first submission to the Company for conversion, exercise or exchange (as the case may be). Sabby Management, LLC shares voting and investment power with respect to these shares on behalf of this stockholder. As manager of Sabby Management, LLC, Hal Mintz also shares voting and investment power on behalf of this stockholder. Each of Sabby Management, LLC and Hal Mintz disclaim beneficial ownership over the securities listed except to the extent of their pecuniary interest therein. Except as described above, none of the holders has had, within the past three years, any position, office or other material relationship with the Company or any of our predecessors or affiliates.

DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS

The following table sets forth certain information with respect to our directors and executive officers:

Name	Age	Current Position
David A. Dodd (1)(2)	66	Chairman of the Board of Directors
Robert T. McNally, Ph.D.	68	President and Chief Executive Officer, Director
Mark W. Reynolds, CPA	54	Chief Financial Officer and Corporate Secretary
Harriet L. Robinson, Ph.D.	78	Chief Scientific Officer, Director
Farshad Guirakhoo, Ph.D.	62	Senior Vice President, Research and Development
Randal D. Chase, Ph.D. (1)(3)	66	Independent Director
Dean G. Kollintzas (2)(3)	42	Independent Director
John N. Spencer, Jr. (1)(2)(3)	75	Independent Director

______________________

(1)	Member of the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors.

(2)	Member of the Nominating and Governance Committee of the Board of Directors.

(3)	Member of the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors.

David A. Dodd. Mr. Dodd joined the Board of Directors in March 2010 and became Chairman of our Board of Directors on January 1, 2011. Since April 2013, he has served as President and Chief Executive Officer, and as a member of the Board of Directors, of Aeterna Zentaris Inc., a drug development company. Since May 2014, Mr. Dodd has also served as Chairman of the Board of Aeterna Zenaris. He is also the Chief Executive Officer of RiversEdge BioVentures, an investment and advisory firm focused on the life sciences and pharmaceuticals industries, which he founded in 2009. He has more than 35 years of executive experience in the healthcare industry. From December 2007 to June 2009, Mr. Dodd was President, Chief Executive officer and Chairman of BioReliance Corporation, an organization that provided biological safety testing, viral clearance testing, genetic and mammalian technology testing and laboratory animal diagnostic services testing. From October 2006 to April 2009, he served as non-executive chairman of Stem Cell Sciences Plc. Before that, Mr. Dodd served as President, Chief Executive Officer and Director of Serologicals Corporation before it was sold to Millipore Corporation in July 2006 for $1.5 billion. For five years prior to his employment by Serologicals Corporation, Mr. Dodd served as President and Chief Executive Officer of Solvay Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and Chairman of its subsidiary Unimed Pharmaceuticals, Inc. The Board of Directors has concluded that Mr. Dodd should serve on the Board of Directors due to his experience in the pharmaceutical industry, as well as his background in general management, business transformation, corporate partnering, and mergers and acquisitions.

Robert T. McNally, Ph.D. Dr. McNally joined the Board of Directors in December 2006 and was appointed as our President and Chief Executive Officer effective April 1, 2008. From 2000 to March 2008, Dr. McNally served as Chief Executive Officer of Cell Dynamics LLC, a cGMP laboratory services company. Previously, Dr. McNally was a co-founder and Senior Vice President of Clinical Research for CryoLife, Inc., a pioneering company in transplantable human tissues. He has over 34 years of experience in academic and corporate clinical investigations, management, research, business, quality and regulatory affairs Dr. McNally is a Fellow of the American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering, serves on the advisory boards of the Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Dupree College of Management at the Georgia Institute of Technology, and is a former Chairman of Georgia Bio, a trade association. Dr. McNally graduated with a Ph.D. in biomedical engineering from the University of Pennsylvania. The Board of Directors has concluded that Dr. McNally should serve on its Board of Directors by virtue of his prior business and scientific experience, including his experience as Chief Executive Officer of Cell Dynamics, LLC and as Senior Vice President of Clinical Research for CryoLife, Inc., and due to his intimate involvement with the Company’s ongoing operations as its President and Chief Executive Officer.

Mark W. Reynolds, CPA Mr. Reynolds joined the Company on a part-time basis in October 2006 as Chief Financial Officer and Corporate Secretary, becoming a full-time employee in January 2010. From 2003 to 2006, before being named Chief Financial Officer of GeoVax Labs, Inc., Mr. Reynolds provided financial and accounting services to GeoVax, Inc. as an independent contractor. From 2004 to 2008, Mr. Reynolds served as Chief Financial Officer for HealthWatchSystems, Inc. a privately-held company in the consumer healthcare industry. From 2004 to 2006, he served as Chief Financial Officer for Duska Therapeutics, Inc., a publicly-held biotechnology company. From 1988 to 2002, Mr. Reynolds worked for CytRx Corporation, a publicly-held biopharmaceutical company, where he first served as Controller and then as Chief Financial Officer. Mr. Reynolds began his career as an auditor with Arthur Andersen & Co. from 1985 to 1988. He is a certified public accountant and earned a Master’s of Accountancy degree from the University of Georgia.

Harriet L. Robinson, Ph.D. Dr. Robinson joined the Company as Senior Vice President, Research and Development on a part-time basis in November 2007 and on a full-time basis as Chief Scientific Officer in February 2008, and was elected to the Board of Directors in June 2008. She is a co-founder of GeoVax, Inc. and has served as chief of its scientific advisory board since formation of the company in 2001. From 1999 to February 2008, Dr. Robinson served as the Asa Griggs Candler Professor of Microbiology and Immunology at Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, and from 1998 to February 2008 as Chief, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Center and Professor at the Emory University School of Medicine. She was Professor, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, at the University of Massachusetts Medical Center from 1988 to 1997 and Staff, then Senior, then Principal Scientist at the University of Massachusetts Worcester Foundation for Experimental Biology from 1977 to 1987. Dr. Robinson received a Bachelor of Arts degree from Swarthmore College and M.S. and Ph.D. degrees from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. The Board of Directors has concluded that Dr. Robinson should serve on its Board of Directors by virtue of her extensive knowledge of the Company’s technology as its scientific founder.

Farshad Guirakhoo, Ph.D. Dr. Guirakhoo joined the Company as Senior Vice President, Research and Development in October 2015. Dr. Guirakhoo has served in senior management and scientific roles within the biotechnology industry with Vaxess Technologies from 2014 to 2015, Hookipa Biotech from 2012 to 2014, Sanofi Pasteur from 2007 to 2012, Acambis, Inc. from 1999 to 2007 and OraVax, Inc. from 1992 to 1999. He earned his Ph.D. in Virology at the Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria, holds a M.Sc. degree in Genetics from the International Institute for Biophysics and Biochemistry of Tehran University, and a B.Sc. degree in Biology from the National University of Iran. He conducted his Post-Doctoral training at the Medical University of Vienna and at the National Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases. In his scientific career, Dr. Guirakhoo has filed over 90 patent applications and is author/co-author of more than 80 publications, including book chapters, in peer-reviewed journals. In 2014, he was named as one of the 50 Most Influential People in Vaccines.

Randal D. Chase, Ph.D. Dr. Chase joined the Board of Directors in March 2015. Since 2011, Dr. Chase has served as a business advisor and consultant to companies in the life science sector. From 2006 to 2011, he served as President and Chief Executive Officer of Immunovaccine, Inc., a clinical-stage biotechnology company developing vaccines against cancer and infectious diseases. Dr. Chase is also a former president of Shire Biologics, North American Vaccine, Pasteur Merieux Connaught, and Quadra Logic Technologies, Inc. His early career was at Bristol Myers and Glaxo Pharmaceuticals. Dr. Chase has also served as a member of the board of directors for numerous companies, and currently serves as a member of the board of directors for Advanced Proteome Therapeutics Corporation. Dr. Chase attended the Senior Executive Program of the London Business School in the United Kingdom, holds a bachelor of sciences degree in biochemistry from Bishop’s University and a Ph.D. in biochemistry from the University of British Columbia. Dr. Chase completed a post-doctoral fellowship at the McArdle Cancer Institute of the University of Wisconsin. The Board of Directors has concluded that Dr. Chase should serve on the Board of Directors due to his extensive leadership experience in the pharmaceutical industry, and the vaccine industry in particular.

Dean G. Kollintzas. Mr. Kollintzas joined the Board of Directors upon consummation of the merger with GeoVax, Inc. in September 2006. Since 2001 Mr. Kollintzas has been an intellectual property attorney specializing in biotechnology and pharmaceutical licensing, FDA regulation, and corporate/international transactions. Mr. Kollintzas received a microbiology degree from the University of Illinois and a J.D. from Franklin Pierce Law Center. He is a member of the Wisconsin and American Bar Associations. Since 2004, Mr. Kollintzas has been in private practice. In 2014, he founded Procare Clinical, LLC, a clinical trial management company headquartered in Naperville, IL. The Board of Directors has concluded that Mr. Kollintzas should serve on the Board of Directors by virtue of his experience with intellectual property matters, biotechnology and pharmaceutical licensing, and FDA regulation.

John N. (Jack) Spencer, Jr., CPA Mr. Spencer joined the Board of Directors upon consummation of the merger with GeoVax, Inc. in September 2006. Mr. Spencer is a certified public accountant and was a partner of Ernst & Young LLP where he spent more than 38 years until he retired in 2000. Mr. Spencer also serves as a director of MRI Interventions, Inc. (Nasdaq: MRIC), a medical device company, where he also chairs the audit committee and serves on the Compensation Committee. He served as the Temporary Chief Financial Officer of Applied Genetic Technologies Corporation from November 2013 until February 2014 while that company prepared for its initial public offering. He also serves on the boards of two privately held companies and as a consultant to various companies primarily relating to financial accounting and reporting matters. Mr. Spencer received a bachelor of science degree from Syracuse University, and he earned an M.B.A. degree from Babson College. He also attended the Harvard Business School Advanced Management Program. The Board of Directors has concluded that Mr. Spencer should serve on the Board of Directors by virtue of his experience at Ernst & Young LLP where he was the partner in charge of that firm’s life sciences practice for the southeastern United States, and his clients included a large number of publicly-owned and privately-held medical technology companies, together with his continuing expertise as a director of, and a consultant to, other publicly owned and privately held companies..

Director Independence

The Board of Directors has determined that Messrs. Chase, Dodd, Kollintzas, and Spencer are the members of our Board of Directors who are “independent,” as that term is defined by Section 301(3)(B) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. The Board of Directors has also determined that these three individuals meet the definition of “independent director” set forth in Rule 5605(a)(2) of the Nasdaq Listing Rules. As independent directors, Messrs. Dodd, Kollintzas and Spencer serve as the members of our Audit Committee, our Compensation Committee, and our Nominating and Governance Committee.

EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

The tables and disclosures that follow set forth the compensation and certain other information with respect to our “Named Executive Officers”. The Named Executive Officers for 2015 include our principal executive officer, our principal financial officer, and one other highly compensated individual who was serving as an executive officer as of December 31, 2015. Our Named Executive Officers for 2015 were:

● Robert T. McNally, Ph.D., President and Chief Executive Officer

● Mark W. Reynolds, Chief Financial Officer

● Harriet L. Robinson, Ph.D., Chief Scientific Officer

Employment Agreements

Robert T. McNally. On March 20, 2008, GeoVax entered into an employment agreement with Robert T. McNally, Ph.D. to become our President and Chief Executive Officer effective April 1, 2008. The employment agreement has no specified term. The employment agreement provided for an initial annual salary of $200,000 to Dr. McNally, subject to periodic increases as determined by the Compensation Committee. The Board of Directors may also approve the payment of a discretionary bonus annually. Dr. McNally is eligible for grants of awards from our 2006 Equity Incentive Plan (the “Plan”) and is entitled to participate in any and all benefits in effect from time-to-time for employees generally. We may terminate the employment agreement, with or without cause. If we terminate the employment agreement without cause, we will be required to provide Dr. McNally at least 30 days prior notice of the termination and one week of severance pay for each full year of service as President and Chief Executive Officer. Dr. McNally may terminate the employment agreement at any time by giving us 60 days notice. In that event, he would not receive severance. In October 2013, our Board of Directors approved an amendment to the employment agreement with Dr. McNally. The 2013 amendment includes severance provisions in the event of a change in control (as defined in the amendment) and a qualifying termination of employment. See the discussion under “Potential Payments Upon Change-in-Control” below. In February 2014, Dr. McNally reduced his time commitment to the company from 100% to 60%, and his base salary was adjusted proportionately from $275,000 to $165,000.

Mark W. Reynolds. On January 1, 2010, GeoVax entered into an amended and restated employment agreement with Mark W. Reynolds, our Chief Financial Officer. The employment agreement has no specified term. The employment agreement provides for an initial annual salary of $212,600 to Mr. Reynolds. The Board of Directors may also approve the payment of a discretionary bonus annually. Mr. Reynolds is eligible for grants of awards from our Plan and is entitled to participate in any and all benefits in effect from time-to-time for employees generally. We may terminate the employment agreement, with or without cause. If we terminate the employment agreement without cause, we will be required to provide Mr. Reynolds at least 30 days prior notice of the termination and one week of severance pay for each full year of service as Chief Financial Officer. Mr. Reynolds may terminate the employment agreement at any time by giving us 60 days notice. In that event, he would not receive severance. In October 2013, our Board of Directors approved an amendment to the employment agreement with Mr. Reynolds. The 2013 amendment includes severance provisions in the event of a change in control (as defined in the amendment) and a qualifying termination of employment. See the discussion under “Potential Payments Upon Change-in-Control” below. In December 2014, the Compensation Committee awarded Mr. Reynolds a bonus of $2,000 and approved an increase to his base salary from $212,600 to $223,230, effective January 1, 2015. In December 2015, the Compensation Committee awarded Mr. Reynolds a bonus of $2,000 and approved an increase to his base salary from $223,230 to $234,392, effective January 1, 2016.

Harriet L. Robinson. On November 19, 2007, GeoVax entered into an employment agreement with Harriet L. Robinson, our Chief Scientific Officer. The employment agreement has no specified term. The employment agreement provided for an initial base salary of $250,000 to Dr. Robinson, subject to periodic increases as determined by the Compensation Committee. Dr. Robinson initially worked part-time for the Company, and became a full-time employee in February 2008. . The Board of Directors may also approve the payment of a discretionary bonus annually. Dr. Robinson is eligible for grants of awards from our Plan and is entitled to participate in any and all benefits in effect from time-to-time for employees generally. We may terminate the employment agreement, with or without cause. If we terminate the employment agreement without cause, we will be required to provide Dr. Robinson at least 30 days prior notice of the termination and one week of severance pay for each full year of service. Dr. Robinson may terminate the employment agreement at any time by giving us 60 days notice. In that event, she would not receive severance. In October 2013, our Board of Directors approved an amendment to the employment agreement with Dr. Robinson. The 2013 amendment includes severance provisions in the event of a change in control (as defined in the amendment) and a qualifying termination of employment. See the discussion under “Potential Payments Upon Change-in-Control” below. In April 2013, Dr. Robinson reduced her time commitment to the company to 80% in conjunction with a prorata reduction of her then annualized salary of $265,750 to $212,600, and in January 2016, Dr. Robinson further reduced her time commitment to the company to 50% in conjunction with a prorata reduction of her annualized salary to $132,875.

In October 2006 GeoVax Labs, Inc. and our subsidiary, GeoVax, Inc. entered into indemnification agreements with Messrs. McNally, Reynolds, Kollintzas and Spencer. Pursuant to these agreements, we have agreed to indemnify them to the full extent permitted by Illinois and Georgia law against certain liabilities incurred by these individuals in connection with specified proceedings if they acted in a manner they believed in good faith to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Company and, with respect to any criminal proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe that such conduct was unlawful. The agreements also provide for the advancement of expenses to these individuals subject to specified conditions.

Potential Payments Upon a Change-in-Control

Our 2006 Equity Incentive Plan contains provisions that could lead to an accelerated vesting of options or other awards. In the event of certain change-in-control transactions described in the Plan, (i) outstanding options or other awards under the Plan may be assumed, converted or replaced; (ii) the successor corporation may substitute equivalent options or other awards or provide substantially similar consideration to Plan participants as were provided to stockholders (after taking into account the existing provisions of the options or other awards); or (iii) the successor corporation may replace options or awards with substantially similar shares or other property.

In the event the successor corporation (if any) refuses to assume or substitute options or other awards as described (i) the vesting of any or all options or awards granted pursuant to the Plan will accelerate upon the change-in-control transaction, and (ii) any or all options granted pursuant to the Plan will become exercisable in full prior to the consummation of the change-in-control transaction at such time and on such conditions as the Compensation Committee determines. If the options are not exercised prior to the consummation of the change-in-control transaction, they shall terminate at such time as determined by the Compensation Committee. Subject to any greater rights granted to Plan participants under the Plan, in the event of the occurrence of a change-in-control transaction any outstanding options or other awards will be treated as provided in the applicable agreement or plan of merger, consolidation, dissolution, liquidation, or sale of assets.

If the Company experienced a change-in-control transaction described in the Plan on December 31, 2015, the value of accelerated options for each Named Executive Officer, based on the difference between the closing price of our common stock on the OTC Market on December 31, 2015, and, if lower, the exercise price per share of each option for which vesting would be accelerated for each Named Executive Officer, would be $0.

Our employment agreements with each Named Executive Officer provide for payment to each Named Executive Officer if we terminate such Named Executive Officer’s employment without cause. If each Named Executive Officer was terminated without cause on December 31, 2015, the following amounts, which represent one week of pay for each full year of service to the Company, would be payable to each Named Executive Officer as salary continuance under the terms of such Named Executive Officer’s employment agreement: Dr. McNally - $22,212; Mr. Reynolds - $38,636; and Dr. Robinson - $32,708.

In October 2013, our Board of Directors approved amendments to the employment agreements with each Named Executive Officer These 2013 amendments include severance provisions in the event of a change in control and a qualifying termination of employment. Specifically, if a Named Executive Officer is terminated at any time during the three month period which immediately precedes a change in control (as defined in the amendment) or during the one year period following a change in control, then the Company would pay an amount in cash equal to (a) a multiple of the Named Executive Officer’s then base salary and target annual bonus (3x for Dr. McNally, 2x for Mr. Reynolds, and 2x for Dr. Robinson), (b) a multiple of the cost to provide 401(k) or other deferred compensation or health and welfare benefits to the Named Executive Officer (3x for Dr. McNally, 2x for Mr. Reynolds, and 2x for Dr. Robinson), and (c) a tax gross-up payment (if an excise tax is imposed by § 4999 of the Internal Revenue Code or any related interest or penalties are incurred by the officer) pursuant to the amendment. The amendments also provide for full and complete vesting of all stock option grants held by the Named Executive Officers.

Summary Compensation Table

The following narrative, table, and footnotes set forth information concerning the total compensation earned during the fiscal years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 by our Named Executive Officers. The individual components of the total compensation reflected in the table are broken out as follows:

Salary. Base salary earned during 2015 and 2014. The terms of the Employment Agreements governed the base salaries for Dr. McNally, Mr. Reynolds, and Dr. Robinson.

Bonus. The amount of cash bonuses paid during 2015 and 2014.

Option Awards. The awards disclosed under the heading “Option Awards” consist of the aggregate grant date fair value of the stock option grants during 2015 and 2014 computed in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standards Codification Topic 718, Compensation – Stock Compensation (“FASB ASC Topic 718”). For a discussion of the various assumptions made and methods used for determining such amounts, see footnotes 2 and 9 to our 2015 consolidated financial statements contained in this prospectus.

All Other Compensation. The amounts include under “All Other Compensation” are described in the footnotes to the table.

Name and Principal Position	Year	Salary($)		Bonus ($)		Option Awards ($)			All Other Compensation ($)(5)		Total ($)
Robert T. McNally	2015	$	165,000	$	-	$	6,525	(1)	$	6,600	$	178,125
President and Chief Executive Officer	2014		174,167		-		4,080	(4)		6,967		185,214
Mark W. Reynolds	2015		223,230		2,000		5,220	(2)		8,885		239,335
Chief Financial Officer	2014		212,600		2,000		4,080	(4)		8,546		227,226
Harriet L. Robinson	2015		212,600		-		8,700	(3)		8,504		229,804
Chief Scientific Officer	2014		212,600		-		4,080	(4)		8,504		225,184

(1)	Grant date fair value of stock option grant on December 8, 2015 for 75,000 shares with an exercise price of $0.11 per share, vesting over a three-year period. As of December 31, 2015, none of these shares have vested and are exercisable.

(2)	Grant date fair value of stock option grant on December 8, 2015 for 60,000 shares with an exercise price of $0.11 per share, vesting over a three-year period. As of December 31, 2015, none of these shares have vested and are exercisable.

(3)	Grant date fair value of stock option grant on December 8, 2015 for 100,000 shares with an exercise price of $0.11 per share, vesting over a three-year period. As of December 31, 2015, none of these shares have vested and are exercisable.

(4)	Grant date fair value of stock option grant on December 9, 2014 for 30,000 shares with an exercise price of $0.17 per share, vesting over a three-year period. As of December 31, 2015, 10,000 of these shares have vested and are exercisable.

(5)	Amounts shown in the “All Other Compensation” column represent employer contributions to the Company’s 401(k) retirement plan.

Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year-End

GeoVax has awarded stock options to its senior management and other employees. The terms of these awards typically provide for vesting over a defined period of time, generally three years. The options expire if not exercised within ten years from the date of grant. The Company does not have a formula for determining stock option awards. Awards are generally based on the subjective judgment of the President and Chief Executive Officer and on the Compensation Committee’s subjective judgment.

The following table sets forth certain information with respect to unexercised options previously awarded to our Named Executive Officers that were outstanding as of December 31, 2015.

Option Awards
	Number of Securities Underlying Unexercised Options
Name	(#) Exercisable		(#) Unexercisable			Option Exercise Price ($)		Option Expiration Date
Robert McNally		-		75,000	(1)	$	0.11	12/8/25
		10,000		20,000	(2)		0.17	12/9/24
		20,000		10,000	(3)		0.53	12/18/23
		30,000		-			0.66	12/11/22
		30,000		-			0.91	12/30/21
		10,000		-			1.98	12/10/20
		10,000		-			7.00	12/2/19
		10,000		-			5.50	12/11/18
		48,000		-			8.50	6/17/18
		10,000		-			8.05	12/5/17
		26,400		-			17.75	3/14/17
Mark Reynolds		-		60,000	(1)		0.11	12/8/25
		10,000		20,000	(2)		0.17	12/9/24
		20,000		10,000	(3)		0.53	12/18/23
		25,000		-			0.66	12/11/22
		25,000		-			0.91	12/30/21
		10,000		-			1.98	12/10/20
		10,000		-			7.00	12/2/19
		10,000		-			5.50	12/11/18
		10,000		-			8.05	12/5/17
		36,000		-			17.75	3/14/17
Harriet Robinson		-		100,000	(1)		0.11	12/8/25
		10,000		20,000	(2)		0.17	12/9/24
		20,000		10,000	(3)		0.53	12/18/23
		25,000		-			0.66	12/11/22
		25,000		-			0.91	12/30/21
		10,000		-			1.98	12/10/20
		10,000		-			7.00	12/2/19
		10,000		-			5.50	12/11/18

(1)	These stock options vest and become exercisable in three equal installments on December 8, 2016, 2017 and 2018

(2)	These stock options vest and become exercisable in two equal installments on December 9, 2016 and 2017.

(3)	These stock options vest and become exercisable on December 18, 2016.

Other Benefits Provided to Executive Officers

Mr. Reynolds is eligible for health insurance and 401(k) benefits at the same level and subject to the same conditions as provided to all other employees. Dr. McNally and Dr. Robinson are eligible for 401(k) benefits at the same level and subject to the same conditions as provided to all other employees, but they are currently ineligible for health insurance due to their time commitment to the Company being less that the required 30 hours per week. GeoVax participates in a multi-employer defined contribution retirement plan (the “401k Plan”) administered by a third party service provider; and the Company contributes to the 401k Plan on behalf of all its eligible employees based upon the same matching formula. The amounts shown in the Summary Compensation Table under the heading “Other Compensation” represent the value of the Company’s matching contributions to the 401(k) accounts of these executive officers. Executive officers did not receive any other perquisites or other personal benefits or property from the Company or any other source.

DIRECTOR COMPENSATION

The following table sets forth information concerning the compensation earned for service on our Board of Directors during the fiscal year ending December 31, 2015 by each individual who served as a director at any time during the fiscal year.

Name	Fees Earned or Paid in Cash ($)		Stock Awards ($)		(2)(3) Option Awards ($)		Non-Equity Incentive Plan Compensation ($)		Non-qualified Deferred Compensation Earnings ($)		All Other Compensation ($)		Total ($)
Randal D. Chase		23,175				5,699								28,874
David A. Dodd		41,838		-		2,610		-		-		-		44,448
Dean G. Kollintzas		28,538		-		2,610		-		-		-		31,148
Robert T. McNally (1)		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Harriet L. Robinson (1)		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
John N. Spencer, Jr.		40,000		-		2,610		-		-		-		42,610

(1)

Dr. McNally and Dr. Robinson, who were employees of the Company during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015, received no compensation for their service as directors. All amounts related to their compensation as Named Executive Officers during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015 and prior years are included in the “Summary Compensation Table”.

(2)

Amounts shown in the “Option Awards” column represent the aggregate grant date fair value of awards computed in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718. For a discussion of the various assumptions made and methods used for determining such amounts, see footnotes 2 and 9 to our 2015 consolidated financial statements contained in this prospectus. On March 19, 2015, Mr. Chase was granted an option to purchase 26,400 shares of our common stock with an exercise price of $0.15 per share. On December 8, 2015, Messrs. Chase, Dodd, Kollintzas and Spencer were each granted options to purchase 30,000 shares of our common stock with an exercise price of $0.11 per share.

(3)	The table below shows the aggregate numbers of option awards outstanding for each non-employee director as of December 31, 2015.

Name	Aggregate Option Awards Outstanding as of December 31, 2015 (#)
Randal D. Chase		56,400
David A. Dodd		166,400
Dean G. Kollintzas		196,400
John N. Spencer, Jr.		196,400

Director Compensation Plan

In March 2007, the Board of Directors approved a recommendation from the Compensation Committee for director compensation, which we refer to as the “Director Compensation Plan.” It was subsequently amended in March 2008, December 2009, and in December 2010. The Director Compensation Plan applies only to non-employee directors. Directors who are employees of the Company receive no compensation for their service as directors or as members of committees.

Cash Fees

For 2015, each non-employee director received an annual retainer (paid quarterly) of $5,000 for service as a member of the Audit Committee and $3,300 for service as a member of the Compensation Committee or the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee. The Chairman of the Audit Committee received an annual retainer of $9,000, and the Chairman of each of the Compensation Committee and the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee received an annual retainer of $6,000. These retainers were also paid quarterly. Non-employee directors also received fees for each Board of Directors or Committee meeting attended as follows: $3,000 for in person Board of Directors meetings ($1,500 for telephonic meetings), $1,000 for in person Committee meeting chaired ($750 for telephonic meetings), and $500 for in person Committee meeting attended as a non-chair member ($400 for telephonic meetings). Mr. Dodd, the non-employee Chairman of the Board during 2015, received an annual retainer of $30,000 (paid quarterly) and was not entitled to additional fees for Board meetings attended, but did receive additional fees for committees on which he serves.

Stock Option Grants

Each of our current non-employee directors received a grant of options to purchase 26,400 shares of common stock on the date that such non-employee director was first elected or appointed. We currently do not have a formula for determining annual stock option grants to directors (upon their re-election to the Board of Directors, or otherwise). Such option grants are currently determined by the Board of Directors, upon recommendation by the Compensation Committee based on the Compensation Committee’s annual deliberations and review of the director compensation structure of similar companies. At its meeting in December 2015, upon a recommendation of the Compensation Committee, the Board of Directors approved an annual stock option grant of 30,000 shares to each of its non-employee members.

Expense Reimbursement

All directors are reimbursed for expenses incurred in connection with attending meetings of the Board of Directors and committees.

CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS

Policies and Procedures for Approval of Related Party Transactions

Our Audit Committee is responsible for reviewing and approving all transactions or arrangements between the Company and any of our directors, officers, principal stockholders or any of their respective affiliates, associates or related parties, other than transactions with officers which are covered by the duties of the Compensation Committee. In determining whether to approve or ratify a related party transaction, the Audit Committee will discuss the transaction with management and will consider all relevant facts and circumstances available to it including:

●

whether the terms of the transaction are fair to the Company and at least as favorable to the Company as would apply if the transaction did not involve a related party.

●

whether there are demonstrable business reasons for the Company to enter into the transaction.

●

whether the transaction would impair the independence of a non-employee director; and

●

whether the transaction would present an improper conflict of interest for any director or executive officer, taking into account the size of the transaction, the direct or indirect nature of the related party’s interest in the transaction and the ongoing nature of any proposed relationship, and any other factors the Audit Committee deems relevant.

These policies are in writing and included in the Company’s minute book.

Our Board of Directors has made the following findings and adopted the following policies (in writing) regarding related party transactions:

●

The Company has not made and will not make loans or loan guarantees on behalf of any director, officer, beneficially owner of more than 5% of our common stock, or other person constituting a Promoter, as such term is defined in the NASAA Statement of Policy Regarding Corporate Securities Definitions.

●

The Company has not engaged and will not engage in material transactions with any director, officer, beneficial owner of more than 5% of our common stock, or other person constituting a Promoter, as such term is defined in the NASAA Statement of Policy Regarding Corporate Securities Definitions, except as described below or as otherwise approved by our Audit Committee consistent with the policies and procedures described below.

●

The Company will make any future material affiliated transactions on terms that are no less favorable to the Company than those that can be obtained from unaffiliated third parties.

●

A majority of the Company’s Audit Committee will approve all future material transactions.

●

The Company’s officers, directors, and counsel will:

consider their due diligence and assure that there is a reasonable basis for these representations, and

consider whether to embody the representations in the issuer’s charter or bylaws.

Transactions with Related Parties

Emory University is a significant stockholder of the Company, and our primary product candidates are based on technology rights subject to a license agreement with Emory University, which we refer to as the Emory License. The Emory License, among other contractual obligations, requires payments based on milestone achievements, royalties on sales by the Company or on payments to the Company by our sublicensees, and payment of maintenance fees in the event certain milestones are not met within the time periods specified in the Emory License. We may terminate the Emory License upon 90 days prior written notice. In any event, the Emory License expires on the date of the latest expiration date of the underlying patents. We are also obligated to reimburse Emory University for certain ongoing costs in connection with the filing, prosecution and maintenance of patent applications subject to the Emory License. The expense associated with these ongoing patent reimbursements to Emory University amounted to $113,914, $179,958, and $98,042 for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014, and 2013, respectively.

On October 14, 2014, we entered into a letter agreement with Sabby Healthcare Volatility Master Fund, Ltd. and Sabby Volatility Warrant Master Fund, Ltd. with respect to the payment to them of a warrant exercise fee of $0.075 per share for each share purchased upon exercise of Series A or Series C Common Stock Purchase Warrants (“Warrants”) held by them. Each of these parties at that time held Warrants to acquire an aggregate of 2,666,666 shares of our common stock. They agreed to exercise Warrants equal to 9.98% of the outstanding shares of GeoVax (3,176,000 shares in the aggregate) upon execution of the letter, and we paid the exercise fee of $238,200 subsequent to our receipt of the exercise price.

On February 25, 2015, we entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement (the “Securities Purchase Agreement”) with Sabby Healthcare Master Fund, Ltd. and Sabby Volatility Warrant Master Fund, Ltd. (collectively, the “Purchasers”) providing for the issuance and sale to the Purchasers of an aggregate of 3,000 shares of our Series C Convertible Preferred Stock (the “Preferred Shares”) and related warrants for gross proceeds to the Company of $3.0 million. Each Preferred Share is initially convertible into approximately 5,555.55 shares of our Common Stock for an aggregate total of 16,666,666 shares of our Common Stock (the “Conversion Shares”). The terms of the Preferred Shares include anti-dilution provisions. Pursuant to the Certificate of Designation which authorized the Series C Convertible Preferred Stock, the Preferred Shares may be converted at any time at the option of the Purchasers into shares of our Common Stock at a conversion price of $0.18 per share (the “Conversion Price”). The Certificate of Designation contains price adjustment provisions, which may, under certain circumstances, (i) reduce the Conversion Price on several future dates, including the effective date of the registration statement to be filed to cover resale of the Conversion Shares, according to a formula based on the then-current market price for our common stock. We closed this transaction on February 27, 2015.

Pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement, each Purchaser was also issued a Series D Warrant, a Series E Warrant and a Series F Warrant (collectively, the “Warrants”), each to purchase up to a number of shares of the Company’s Common Stock equal to 100% of the Conversion Shares underlying the Preferred Shares issued to such Purchaser pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement (up to 16,666,666 shares in the aggregate for each of the three series of warrants, or approximately 50,000,000 shares in total) (the “Warrant Shares”). The Series D Warrants have an exercise price of $0.22 per share, are exercisable immediately, and have a term of exercise equal to five years from the date of issuance. The Series E Warrants have an exercise price of $0.18 per share, are exercisable immediately, and have a term of exercise equal to one year from the date of issuance. The Series F Warrants have an exercise price of $0.22 per share and have a term of exercise equal to five years from the date of issuance, but only vest and become exercisable upon, and in proportion to, the exercise of the one-year Series E Warrants held by each Purchaser (or its assigns). The Warrants contain anti-dilution and price adjustment provisions, which may, under certain circumstances, (i) reduce the exercise price on several future dates, including the effective date of the registration statement to be filed to cover resale of the shares subject to the Warrants, according to a formula based on the then-current market price for our common stock and (ii) reduce the exercise price to match if we sell or grant options to purchase, including rights to reprice, our common stock or common stock equivalents at a price lower than the exercise price of the Warrants, or if we announce plans to do so. The number of shares subject to warrants will not increase due to such reductions in exercise price. We also issued the Maxim Warrant to our placement agent to acquire 1,333,333 shares of our common stock at $0.22 per share on substantially the same terms and conditions of the Series D warrants.

The Purchasers also have the right to participate in certain future financings, subject to certain exceptions, and may invest up to 75% of the aggregate amount invested at that time. If we do not hold a shareholders’ meeting on or before June 30, 2015 for the purpose of obtaining shareholder approval of an increase in our authorized common stock sufficient to cover the shares to be issued upon exercise of all the Warrants issued in connection with the Securities Purchase Agreement (including shares to be issued to Maxim Partners LLC, an affiliate of our placement agent, Maxim Group, LLC, upon exercise of the Maxim Warrant), we must pay penalties until approval is obtained. The Preferred Shares do not have voting rights except as required by law and are not entitled to a dividend. When issued, the Conversion Shares will have the voting rights afforded to all shares of Common Stock. The Preferred Shares have a liquidation preference equal to the initial purchase price.

On February 25, 2015, in connection with the closing of the private placement, we entered into a Registration Rights Agreement (the “Registration Rights Agreement”) with the Purchasers. Under the Registration Rights Agreement, we are required to file a registration statement within 30 calendar days after signing the Registration Rights Agreement. Our failure to meet the filing deadlines and other requirements set forth in the Registration Rights Agreement may subject us to monetary penalties.

On February 15, 2016, we entered into an agreement with Sabby Healthcare Master Fund, Ltd. and Sabby Volatility Warrant Master Fund, Ltd. (the “Purchasers”) with respect to amending the terms of Series E Common Stock Purchase Warrants issued February 27, 2015 (the “Warrants”). Pursuant to the agreement, we agreed to extend the term of the Warrants to August 27, 2016. Each of these parties holds Warrants to acquire an aggregate of 8,333,333 shares of our common stock. The Purchasers agreed to promptly exercise sufficient Warrants such that each Purchaser (together with its Affiliates) shall thereafter be the beneficial owner of 9.98% of the outstanding shares of GeoVax (the “Minimum Purchase”). In connection with all exercises of the Warrants, we agreed to the payment to each Purchaser of a warrant exercise fee of $0.02916 per share for each share purchased upon exercise of the Warrants. The warrant exercise fee above will be paid three (3) business days after we receive the cash proceeds of the Minimum Purchase and within three (3) business days after we receive the cash proceeds from additional Warrants exercised by them.

SELLING STOCKHOLDERS

This prospectus relates to the resale by the selling stockholders named below from time to time of up to a total of 2,690,666 shares of common stock that are issuable to the selling stockholders upon exercise of the Series A and C Warrants. The common stock offered by this prospectus is being offered by the selling stockholders for their own accounts.

Private Placement Transaction

On March 21, 2012, we completed a private placement transaction and issued Series A Convertible Preferred Stock, which we refer to as Series A Preferred Stock, with a stated value of $1,000 per share and an initial conversion price of $0.75, to three accredited investors. No shares of Series A Preferred stock remain outstanding. Each share of Series A Preferred Stock was originally convertible into 1,333.33 shares of our common stock. The Series A Preferred Stock and related Series A, B, and C Warrants were issued in reliance upon exemptions provided by Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act for the offer and sale of securities not involving a public offering and Regulation D promulgated thereunder.

Selling Stockholders

The table below, which was prepared based on information supplied to us by the selling stockholders, sets forth information regarding the beneficial ownership of outstanding shares of our common stock owned by the selling stockholders and the shares that they may sell or otherwise dispose of from time to time under this prospectus. Each of the selling stockholders, or their respective transferees, donees or their successors, may resell, from time to time, all, some or none of the shares of our common stock covered by this prospectus, as provided in this prospectus under the section entitled “Plan of Distribution” and in any applicable prospectus supplement. However, we do not know when, in what amount, or at what specific prices the selling stockholders may offer their shares for sale under this prospectus, if any.

The number of shares disclosed in the table below as “beneficially owned” are those beneficially owned as determined under the rules of the SEC. Such information is not necessarily indicative of ownership for any other purpose. Under the rules of the SEC, a person is deemed to be a “beneficial owner” of a security if that person has or shares “voting power,” which includes the power to vote or to direct the voting of such security, or “investment power,” which includes the power to dispose of or to direct the disposition of such security. In computing the number of shares beneficially owned by a selling stockholder and the percentage of ownership of that selling stockholder, shares of common stock underlying shares of Series B Preferred Stock, Series C Preferred Stock, options or warrants held by that selling stockholder that are convertible or exercisable, as the case may be, within 60 days of March 4, 2016 are included. Those shares, however, are not deemed outstanding for the purpose of computing the percentage ownership of any other selling stockholder. Each selling stockholder’s percentage of ownership in the following table is based upon 37,015,401 shares of our common stock outstanding as of March 4, 2016.

Unless otherwise indicated and subject to community property laws where applicable, the selling stockholders named in the following table have, to our knowledge, sole voting and investment power with respect to the shares beneficially owned by them. In addition, none of the selling stockholders has any family relationships with our officers, directors or controlling stockholders. Furthermore, no selling stockholder is a registered broker-dealer or an affiliate of a registered broker-dealer.

Information concerning any of the selling stockholders may change from time to time, and any changed information will be presented in a prospectus supplement as necessary. Please carefully read the footnotes located below the table in conjunction with the information presented in the table.

Selling Stockholder Name	Beneficial Ownership Prior to this Offering (1)		Shares that may be Offered and Sold Hereby	Beneficial Ownership After this Offering (2)		% Holding After Completion of this Offering
Sabby Volatility Warrant Master Fund, Ltd. (3)	3,981,700	(4)	603,666	4,280,500	(1)	9.99	%
Sabby Healthcare Master Fund, Ltd. (3)	3,976,500	(5)	603,666	4,275,000	(1)	9.99	%
Warberg WF III LP	400,000	(6)	400,000	0		0	%
Iroquois Master Fund Limited	300,000	(6)	300,000	0		0	%
Intracoastal Capital, LLC	250,000	(6)	250,000	0		0	%
Brio Capital Master Fund Ltd.	819,048	(7)	533,334	285,714		*

_____________________

* Less than 1.0%

(1)	Includes all shares beneficially owned by the selling stockholders as of March 4 2016, except that the shares held by the Sabby entities are reported at the highest “Maximum Percentage” of 9.99% as described at footnote 3 below.
(2)	These shares have been separately registered for resale pursuant to the Securities Act and may also be sold.
(3)	Includes all of the shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of the Series C Preferred Stock owned by this stockholder, as well as all of the shares issuable upon exercise of the Series A, C, D, E, and F Warrants held by this stockholder. The number of shares offered by the selling stockholders in the table above reflects 100% of the shares issuable upon exercise of the Series A and C Warrants. The Series C Preferred Stock and the Series A, C, D, E, and F Warrants contain exercise and conversion limitations providing that a holder thereof may not convert or exercise (as the case may be) to the extent (but only to the extent) that, if after giving effect to such conversion or exercise (as the case may be), the holder or any of its affiliates would beneficially own in excess of 4.99% or 9.99%, as applicable (the “Maximum Percentage”) of the outstanding shares of common stock immediately after giving effect to such conversion or exercise (as the case may be). To the extent the above limitation applies, the determination of whether a share of preferred stock or warrant shall be exercisable or convertible (vis-à-vis other convertible, exercisable or exchangeable securities owned by the holder) shall, subject to such Maximum Percentage limitation, be determined on the basis of the first submission to the Company for conversion, exercise or exchange (as the case may be). Accordingly, the number of shares of common stock set forth in the table as being registered for a selling stockholder may exceed the number of shares of common stock that the selling stockholder could own beneficially at any given time through its ownership of the Series C Preferred Stock and the Series A and C Warrants.
(4)	Includes 1,139,966 shares of common stock, 15,180,331 shares issuable upon conversion of Series C Preferred Stock, and 23,771,371 shares issuable upon exercise of the Series A, C, D, E, and F Warrants. Sabby Management, LLC shares voting and investment power with respect to these shares on behalf of this stockholder as well as Sabby Healthcare Master Fund, Ltd. As manager of Sabby Management, LLC, Hal Mintz also shares voting and investment power on behalf of this stockholder. Each of Sabby Management, LLC and Hal Mintz disclaim beneficial ownership over the securities covered by this prospectus except to the extent of their pecuniary interest therein.
(5)	Includes 1,187,427 shares of common stock, 15,280,331 shares issuable upon conversion of Series C Preferred Stock, and 23,771,371 shares issuable upon exercise of the Series A, C, D, E, and F Warrants. Sabby Management, LLC shares voting and investment power with respect to these shares on behalf of this stockholder as well as Sabby Volatility Warrant Master Fund, Ltd. As manager of Sabby Management, LLC, Hal Mintz also shares voting and investment power on behalf of this stockholder. Each of Sabby Management, LLC and Hal Mintz disclaim beneficial ownership over the securities covered by this prospectus except to the extent of their pecuniary interest therein.
(6)	Represents Series A Warrants.
(7)	Includes approximately 285,714 shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of Series B Preferred stock and 533,334 shares issuable upon exercise of the Series A and C Warrants. Brio Capital Management, LLC shares voting and investment power with respect to these shares. As manager of Brio Capital Management, LLC, Shaye Hirsch also shares voting and investment power on behalf of this stockholder. Each of Brio Capital Management, LLC and Shaye Hirsch disclaim beneficial ownership over the securities covered by this prospectus except to the extent of their pecuniary interest therein.

DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES

Capital Stock

The following description of our capital stock is summarized from, and qualified in its entirety by reference to, our certificate of incorporation, as amended, including the certificates of designation, as amended, setting forth the terms of our Series B Preferred Stock and Series C Preferred Stock, all of which have been previously filed with the SEC and are incorporated herein by reference. This summary is not intended to give full effect to provisions of statutory or common law. We urge you to review the following documents because they, and not this summary, define the rights of a holder of shares of common stock, Series B and Series C Preferred Stock:

	•	the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, or the “DGCL”, as it may be amended from time to time;
	•	our certificate of incorporation, as it may be amended or restated from time to time, and
	•	our bylaws, as they may be amended or restated from time to time.

General

Our authorized capital stock currently consists of 160,000,000 shares, which are divided into two classes consisting of 150,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share, and 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share.

Common Stock

As of March 4, 2016, there were issued and outstanding 37,015,401 shares of common stock, options to purchase 1,705,500 shares of common stock and warrants to purchase 52,777,569 shares of common stock. In addition, 285,714 shares of our common stock are reserved for issuance upon conversion of the outstanding Series B Preferred Stock, and 30,460,662 shares of our common stock are reserved for issuance upon conversion of the outstanding Series C Preferred Stock.

Holders of our common stock are entitled to one vote for each share held in the election of directors and in all other matters to be voted on by the stockholders. There is no cumulative voting in the election of directors. Holders of common stock are entitled to receive dividends as may be declared from time to time by our Board of Directors out of funds legally available therefor, and subject to the rights of holders of our Series B and Series C Preferred Stock. In the event of liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company, holders of common stock are to share in all assets remaining after the payment of liabilities, and satisfaction of the liquidation preference of our outstanding Series B and Series C Preferred Stock. Holders of common stock have no pre-emptive or conversion rights and are not subject to further calls or assessments. There are no redemption or sinking fund provisions applicable to the common stock. The rights of the holders of the common stock are subject to any rights that may be fixed for holders of preferred stock, such as the Series B and Series C Preferred Stock. All of the outstanding shares of common stock are fully paid and non-assessable.

Series A Convertible Preferred Stock

We are authorized to issue up to 2,200 shares of our Series A convertible preferred stock, which we refer to as the “Series A Preferred Stock.” No shares of our Series A Preferred Stock, $0.01 par value are outstanding.

Series B Convertible Preferred Stock

We are authorized to issue up to 1,650 shares of our Series B Preferred Stock, which we refer to as the “Series B Preferred Stock.” As of March 4, 2016, 100 shares of our Series B Preferred Stock, $0.01 par value, were outstanding.

The Series B Preferred Stock is convertible at the option of the holder at any time into shares of common stock at a conversion ratio determined by dividing the $1,000 stated value of the Series A convertible preferred stock by a conversion price of $0.35 per share. As of March 4, 2016, an aggregate of 285,714 shares of our common stock are issuable upon conversion of the 100 outstanding shares of Series B Preferred Stock. The conversion price of the Series B Preferred Stock is subject to adjustment in the case of stock splits, stock dividends, combinations of shares, similar recapitalization transactions and certain pro-rata distributions to common stockholders.

Subject to limited exceptions, a holder of the Series B Preferred Stock will not have the right to convert any portion of its Series B Preferred Stock if the holder, together with its affiliates, would beneficially own in excess of 9.99% of the number of shares of our common stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to its conversion.

The holders of Series B Preferred Stock will be entitled to receive any securities or rights to acquire securities or property granted or issued by us pro rata to the holders of our common stock to the same extent as if such holders had converted all of their shares of Series B Preferred Stock. No distribution may be made on the common stock so long as any dividend due on the Series B Preferred Stock remains unpaid. In the event of a fundamental transaction, such as a merger, consolidation, sale of substantially all assets and similar reorganizations or recapitalizations, the holders of Series B Preferred Stock will be entitled to receive, upon conversion of their shares, any securities or other consideration received by the holders of our common stock pursuant to the fundamental transaction.

Except as required by law, holders of the Series B Preferred Stock are not entitled to voting rights; provided, however, that the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of Series B Preferred Stock is required to take certain actions that may alter or change adversely the rights or preferences of the holders of Series B Preferred Stock, increase the number of shares of Series B Preferred Stock, or authorize a new class ranking senior or pari passu to the Series B Preferred Stock. The Series B Preferred Stock has a liquidation preference equal to $1,000 per share.

The securities purchase agreement and related registration rights agreement, as well as the certificate of designation authorizing the Series B Preferred Stock include certain other agreements and covenants for the benefit of the holders of the Series B Preferred Stock, including several restrictions that have now expired, and a requirement to use our best efforts to maintain the listing or trading of our common stock on one or more specified United States securities exchanges or regulated quotation services.

Series C Convertible Preferred Stock

We are authorized to issue up to 3,000 shares of our Series C Convertible Preferred Stock, which we refer to as the “Series C Preferred Stock.” As of March 4, 2016, 2,868 shares of our Series C Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share, were outstanding.

The Series C Preferred Stock is convertible at the option of the holder at any time into shares of common stock at a conversion ratio determined by dividing the $1,000 stated value of the Series C Preferred Stock by a current conversion price of $0.09416 per share. As of March 4, 2016, an aggregate of 30,460,662 shares of our common stock are issuable upon conversion of the outstanding shares of Series C Preferred Stock. The conversion price of the Series C Preferred Stock is subject to adjustment in the case of stock splits, stock dividends, combinations of shares, similar recapitalization transactions and certain pro-rata distributions to common stockholders. The conversion price is also subject to additional price adjustment provisions, which may, under certain circumstances, reduce the conversion price.

Subject to limited exceptions, a holder of the Series C Preferred Stock will not have the right to convert any portion of its Series C Preferred Stock if the holder, together with its affiliates, would beneficially own in excess of 4.99% of the number of shares of our common stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to its conversion. Upon 61 days’ prior notice from a holder, the 4.99% limitation may be increased to 9.99% for that holder and its affiliates.

The holders of Series C Preferred Stock will be entitled to receive any securities or rights to acquire securities or property granted or issued by us pro rata to the holders of our common stock to the same extent as if such holders had converted all of their shares of Series A convertible preferred stock. No distribution may be made on the common stock so long as any dividend due on the Series C Preferred Stock remains unpaid. In the event of a fundamental transaction, such as a merger, consolidation, sale of substantially all assets and similar reorganizations or recapitalizations, the holders of Series C Preferred Stock will be entitled to receive, upon conversion of their shares, any securities or other consideration received by the holders of our common stock pursuant to the fundamental transaction.

Except as required by law, holders of the Series C Preferred Stock are not entitled to voting rights; provided, however, that the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of Series C Preferred Stock is required to take certain actions that may alter or change adversely the rights or preferences of the holders of Series C Preferred Stock, increase the number of shares of Series C Preferred Stock, or authorize a new class ranking senior or pari passu to the Series C Preferred Stock. The Series C Preferred Stock has a liquidation preference equal to $1,000 per share.

The securities purchase agreement and related registration rights agreement, as well as the certificate of designation authorizing the Series C Preferred Stock include certain other agreements and covenants for the benefit of the holders of the Series C Preferred Stock, including a prohibition on our issuing additional debt or equity securities with a variable conversion or exercise price until no Series C Preferred Stock remains outstanding. We also agreed to provide the holders with the right to participate in future financings, up to 75% of the financing amount, for 18 months from February 25, 2015, and undertook to use our best efforts to maintain the listing or trading of our common stock on one or more specified United States securities exchanges or regulated quotation services.

Undesignated Preferred Stock

Subject to the restrictions set forth in the certificate of designation for our Series B and Series C Preferred Stock, our Board of Directors has the authority to issue up to 9,996,900 additional shares of preferred stock in one or more series and fix the number of shares constituting any such series, the voting powers, designations, preferences and relative, participating, optional or other special rights and qualifications, limitations or restrictions thereof, including the dividend rights, dividend rate, terms of redemption (including sinking fund provisions), redemption price or prices, conversion rights and liquidation preferences of the shares constituting any series, without any further vote or action by the stockholders. For example, the Board of Directors is authorized to issue a stockholder of preferred stock that would have the right to vote, separately or with any other stockholder of preferred stock, on any proposed amendment to our certificate of incorporation, or on any other proposed corporate action, including business combinations and other transactions.

We will not offer preferred stock unless the offering is approved by a majority of our independent directors. The independent directors will have access, at our expense, to our counsel or independent counsel.

The Series A, B and C Warrants

Pursuant to the terms of the securities purchase agreement for the sale of the Series A Preferred Stock, each purchaser was also issued a Series A Warrant, a Series B Warrant and a Series C Warrant, each to purchase up to a number of shares of the Company’s common stock equal to 100% of the common stock underlying the preferred shares issued to such purchaser pursuant to the securities purchase agreement (up to 2,933,333 shares in the aggregate for each series of warrants, or 8,799,999 shares in total). There are currently outstanding Series A and Series C Warrants as to an aggregate of 1,483,334 shares with an exercise price of $0.065 and Series A Warrants as to 1,207,332 shares with an exercise price of $0.09416, all of which are currently exercisable and have a term of exercise equal to five years from the date of issuance. There are currently no Series B Warrants outstanding.

The exercise price of the warrants and, in some cases, the number of shares issuable upon exercise, are subject to adjustment in the case of stock splits, stock dividends, combinations of shares, similar recapitalization transactions and certain pro-rata distributions to common stockholders. The exercise price, but not the number of shares of common stock issuable upon exercise, will also be adjusted to match the lower price if we sell or grant (or announce a sale or grant) of any shares of common stock or certain securities convertible into, or rights to acquire, common stock at an effective price per share that is lower than the then exercise price, except in the event of certain exempt issuances. In addition, upon exercise of the warrants the warrant holders will be entitled to receive any securities or rights to acquire securities or property granted or issued by us pro rata to the holders of our common stock to the same extent as if such holders had then exercised the warrants. In the event of a fundamental transaction, such as a merger, consolidation, sale of substantially all assets and similar reorganizations or recapitalizations, the warrant holders will be entitled to receive, upon exercise of their warrants, any securities or other consideration received by the holders of common stock pursuant to the fundamental transaction. Under certain circumstances, after a fundamental transaction, holders may be entitled to receive a cash payment equal to the value of the Series A or C Warrants, computed as provided in those warrants. Any successor to us or surviving entity shall assume the obligations under the warrants.

The warrant holders must surrender payment in cash of the aggregate exercise price of the shares being acquired upon exercise of the warrants. If there is no effective registration statement registering, or no current prospectus available for the resale of the shares issuable upon exercise of the warrants, then the warrants may be exercised on a “net” or “cashless” basis. No fractional shares of common stock will be issued in connection with the exercise of a warrant. In lieu of fractional shares, we will pay the holder an amount in cash equal to the fractional amount multiplied by the exercise price.

Subject to limited exceptions, a holder of the Series A or C Warrants will not have the right to exercise the warrant if the holder, together with its affiliates, would beneficially own in excess of 4.99% of the number of shares of our common stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to its conversion. Upon 61 days’ prior notice from a holder, the 4.99% limitation may be increased to 9.99% for that holder. The Series A and Series C Warrants held by two investors have been amended to increase the beneficial ownership limitation to 9.99%.

The Series D, E and F Warrants

Pursuant to the terms of the securities purchase agreement for the sale of the Series C Preferred Stock, each purchaser was also issued a Series D Warrant, a Series E Warrant and a Series F Warrant, each such warrant representing the right to purchase up to a number of shares of the Company’s Common Stock equal to 100% of the Common Stock underlying the preferred shares issued to such purchaser pursuant to the securities purchase agreement (up to 16,666,666 shares in the aggregate for each series of warrants, or approximately 50,000,000 shares in total). The Series D Warrants have a current exercise price of $0.11299 per share, are exercisable immediately, and have a term of exercise equal to five years from the date of issuance. The Series E Warrants have a current effective exercise price of $0.065 per share, are exercisable immediately, and have a term of exercise equal to eighteen months from the date of issuance. The Series F Warrants have a current exercise price of $0.11299 per share and have a term of exercise equal to five years from the date of issuance, but only vest and become exercisable upon, and in proportion to, the exercise of the one-year Series E Warrants held by each Purchaser (or its assigns). The Warrants contain anti-dilution and price adjustment provisions, which may, under certain circumstances, reduce the exercise price on several future dates including a provision which reduces the exercise price to match if we sell or grant certain options to purchase, including rights to reprice, our common stock or common stock equivalents at a price lower than the exercise price of the Warrants, or if we announce plans to do so. The number of shares subject to warrants will not increase due to such reductions in exercise price. In addition, upon exercise of the warrants the warrant holders will be entitled to receive any securities or rights to acquire securities or property granted or issued by us pro rata to the holders of our common stock to the same extent as if such holders had then exercised the warrants. In the event of a fundamental transaction, such as a merger, consolidation, sale of substantially all assets and similar reorganizations or recapitalizations, the warrant holders will be entitled to receive, upon exercise of their warrants, any securities or other consideration received by the holders of common stock pursuant to the fundamental transaction. Under certain circumstances, after a fundamental transaction, holders may be entitled to receive a cash payment equal to the value of the Series D, E or F Warrants, computed as provided in those warrants. Any successor to us or surviving entity shall assume the obligations under the warrants.

The warrant holders must surrender payment in cash of the aggregate exercise price of the shares being acquired upon exercise of the warrants. If there is no effective registration statement registering, there are insufficient authorized shares of our common stock available, or there is no current prospectus available for the resale of the shares issuable upon exercise of the warrants, then the warrants may be exercised on a “net” or “cashless” basis. No fractional shares of common stock will be issued in connection with the exercise of a warrant. In lieu of fractional shares, we will pay the holder an amount in cash equal to the fractional amount multiplied by the exercise price.

Subject to limited exceptions, a holder of the Series D, E or F Warrants will not have the right to exercise the warrant if the holder, together with its affiliates, would beneficially own in excess of 9.99% of the number of shares of our common stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to its conversion.

The Maxim Warrant

As noted, the Company also issued the Maxim Warrant to its placement agent in February 2015. The Maxim Warrant grants the right to acquire 1,333,333 shares of our common stock at a current exercise price of $0.065 per share on substantially the same terms and conditions as the Series D Warrants.

Delaware Anti-Takeover Law

We have elected not to be subject to certain provisions of Delaware law that could make it more difficult to acquire us by means of a tender offer, a proxy contest, open market purchases, removal of incumbent directors and otherwise. These provisions, summarized below, are expected to discourage types of coercive takeover practices and inadequate takeover bids and to encourage persons seeking to acquire control of us to first negotiate with our Board of Directors.

In general, Section 203 of the DGCL prohibits a publicly held Delaware corporation from engaging in various “business combination” transactions with any interested stockholder for a period of three years after the date of the transaction in which the person became an interested stockholder, unless:

	•	the transaction is approved by the corporation’s board of directors prior to the date the interested stockholder obtained interested stockholder status;
	•	upon consummation of the transaction that resulted in the stockholder’s becoming an interested stockholder, the stockholder owned at least 85% of the voting stock of the corporation outstanding at the time the transaction commenced, excluding for purposes of determining the number of shares outstanding those shares owned by (a) persons who are directors and also officers and (b) employee stock plans in which employee participants do not have the right to determine confidentially whether shares held subject to the plan will be tendered in a tender or exchange offer; or

•

on or subsequent to the date the business combination is approved by the corporation’s board of directors and authorized at an annual or special meeting of stockholders by the affirmative vote of at least 66 2 / 3 % of the outstanding voting stock that is not owned by the interested stockholder.

A “business combination” is defined to include mergers, asset sales and other transactions resulting in financial benefit to a stockholder. In general, an “interested stockholder” is a person who, together with affiliates and associates, owns or within three years, did own, 15% or more of a corporation’s voting stock.

Section 203 applies to Delaware corporations that have a class of voting stock that is listed on a national securities exchange or held of record by more than 2,000 stockholders; provided, however, the restrictions of this statute will not apply to a corporation if:

	•	the corporation’s original charter contains a provision expressly electing not to be governed by the statute;
	•	the corporation’s board of directors adopts an amendment to the corporation’s bylaws within 90 days of the effective date of the statute expressly electing not to be governed by it;
	•	the stockholders of the corporation adopt an amendment to its charter or bylaws expressly electing not to be governed by the statute (so long as such amendment is approved by the affirmative vote of a majority of the shares entitled to vote);
	•	a stockholder becomes an interested stockholder inadvertently and as soon as practicable divests himself of ownership of a sufficient number of shares so that he ceases to be an interested stockholder, and during the three year period immediately prior to a business combination, would not have been an interested stockholder but for the inadvertent acquisition;
	•	the business combination is proposed prior to the consummation or abandonment of a merger or consolidation, a sale, lease, exchange, mortgage, pledge, transfer or other disposition of assets of the corporation or a proposed tender or exchange offer for 50% or more of the outstanding voting shares of the corporation; or
	•	the business combination is with an interested stockholder who became an interested stockholder at a time when the restrictions contained in the statutes did not apply.

Our certificate of incorporation includes a provision electing not to be governed by Section 203 of the DCGL. Accordingly, our board of directors does not have the power to reject certain business combinations with interested stockholders based on Section 203 of the DCGL.

Indemnification

Section 145 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, or DGCL, provides that a corporation may indemnify any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to an action, suit or proceeding (other than an action by or in the right of the corporation) by reason of the fact that the person is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the corporation, or is or was serving at the corporation’s request in such a capacity for another entity against expenses (including attorneys’ fees), judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by the person in connection with the action, suit or proceeding. The power to indemnify applies (i) if such person is successful on the merits or otherwise in defense of any action, suit or proceeding or (ii) if such person acted in good faith and in a manner he reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the corporation, and with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe his conduct was unlawful. The power to indemnify applies to actions brought by or in the right of the corporation as well, but only to the extent of defense expenses (including attorneys’ fees but excluding amounts paid in settlement), actually and reasonably incurred and not to any satisfaction of judgment or settlement of the claim itself, and with the further limitation that in such actions no indemnification shall be made in the event of any adjudication of negligence or misconduct in the performance of his duties to the corporation, unless a court believes that in light of all the circumstances indemnification should apply.

Our bylaws provide that we may indemnify any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative (other than an action by or in the right of the Company) by reason of the fact that the person is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the Company, or is or was serving at the request of the Company as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, against expenses (including attorneys’ fees), judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by the person in connection with such action, suit or proceeding if the person acted in good faith and in a manner the person reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Company, and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe the person’s conduct was unlawful. Our bylaws also provide that we may indemnify any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action or suit by or in the right of the Company to procure a judgment in its favor by reason of the fact that the person is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the Company, or is or was serving at the request of the Company as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise against expenses (including attorneys’ fees) actually and reasonably incurred by the person in connection with the defense or settlement of such action or suit if the person acted in good faith and in a manner the person reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Company and except that no indemnification shall be made in respect of any claim, issue or matter as to which such person shall have been adjudged to be liable to the Company unless and only to the extent that the Delaware Court of Chancery or the court in which such action or suit was brought shall determine upon application that, despite the adjudication of liability but in view of all the circumstances of the case, such person is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnity for such expenses which the Delaware Court of Chancery or such other court shall deem proper.

Under our bylaws, expenses (including attorneys’ fees) incurred by an officer or director in defending any civil, criminal, administrative or investigative action, suit or proceeding may be paid by the Company in advance of the final disposition of such action, suit or proceeding upon receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of such director or officer to repay such amount if it shall ultimately be determined that such person is not entitled to be indemnified by the Company. Such expenses (including attorneys’ fees) incurred by former directors and officers or other employees and agents may be so paid upon such terms and conditions, if any, as we deem appropriate.

The indemnification and advancement of expenses provided by our bylaws is not exclusive, both as to action in such person’s official capacity and as to action in another capacity while holding such office.

Our bylaws also provide that we may purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of any person who is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the Company, or is or was serving at the request of the Company as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise against any liability asserted against such person and incurred by such person in any such capacity, or arising out of such person’s status as such, whether or not the Company would have the power to indemnify such person against such liability under our bylaws. The Company maintains an insurance policy providing for indemnification of its officers, directors and certain other persons against liabilities and expenses incurred by any of them in certain stated proceedings and under certain stated conditions.

In October 2006, GeoVax and our subsidiary, GeoVax, Inc. entered into indemnification agreements with Messrs. McNally, Reynolds, Kollintzas and Spencer. Pursuant to these agreements, we have agreed to hold harmless and indemnify these directors and officers to the full extent authorized or permitted by applicable Illinois and Georgia law against certain expenses and other liabilities actually and reasonably incurred by these individuals in connection with certain proceedings if they acted in a manner they believed in good faith to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Company and, with respect to any criminal proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe that such conduct was unlawful. The agreements also provide for the advancement of expenses to these individuals subject to specified conditions. Under these agreements, we will not indemnify these individuals for expenses or other amounts for which applicable Illinois and Georgia law prohibit indemnification. The obligations under these agreements continue during the period in which these individuals are our directors or officers and continue thereafter so long as these individuals shall be subject to any proceeding by reason of their service to the Company, whether or not they are serving in any such capacity at the time the liability or expense incurred for which indemnification can be provided under the agreements.

DISCLOSURE OF COMMISSION POSITION ON INDEMNIFICATION FOR SECURITIES ACT LIABILITIES

Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers or persons controlling the registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, the registrant has been informed that in the opinion of the SEC such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is therefore unenforceable.

In the event that a claims for indemnification against such liabilities (other than our payment of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, we will, unless in the opinion of our counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by us is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.

PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION

Each selling stockholder of the securities and any of their pledgees, assignees and successors-in-interest may, from time to time, sell any or all of their securities covered hereby on the OTC Bulletin Board or any other stock exchange, market or trading facility on which the securities are traded or in private transactions. These sales may be at fixed or negotiated prices. A selling stockholder may use any one or more of the following methods when selling securities:

	●	ordinary brokerage transactions and transactions in which the broker-dealer solicits purchasers;
	●	block trades in which the broker-dealer will attempt to sell the securities as agent but may position and resell a portion of the block as principal to facilitate the transaction;
	●	purchases by a broker-dealer as principal and resale by the broker-dealer for its account;
	●	an exchange distribution in accordance with the rules of the applicable exchange;
	●	privately negotiated transactions;
	●	settlement of short sales entered into after the effective date of the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part;
	●	in transactions through broker-dealers that agree with the selling stockholder to sell a specified number of such securities at a stipulated price per security;
	●	through the writing or settlement of options or other hedging transactions, whether through an options exchange or otherwise;
	●	a combination of any such methods of sale; or
	●	any other method permitted pursuant to applicable law.

The selling stockholders may also sell securities under Rule 144 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), if available, rather than under this prospectus.

Broker-dealers engaged by the selling stockholders may arrange for other brokers-dealers to participate in sales. Broker-dealers may receive commissions or discounts from the selling stockholders (or, if any broker-dealer acts as agent for the purchaser of securities, from the purchaser) in amounts to be negotiated, but, except as set forth in a supplement to this Prospectus, in the case of an agency transaction not in excess of a customary brokerage commission in compliance with Financial Industry Regulation Authority (FINRA) Rule 2440; and in the case of a principal transaction a markup or markdown in compliance with FINRA IM-2440.

In connection with the sale of the securities or interests therein, the selling stockholders may enter into hedging transactions with broker-dealers or other financial institutions, which may in turn engage in short sales of the securities in the course of hedging the positions they assume. The selling stockholders may also sell securities short and deliver these securities to close out their short positions, or loan or pledge the securities to broker-dealers that in turn may sell these securities. In addition, the selling stockholders may enter into option or other transactions with broker-dealers or other financial institutions or create one or more derivative securities which require the delivery to such broker-dealer or other financial institution of securities offered by this prospectus, which securities such broker-dealer or other financial institution may resell pursuant to this prospectus (as supplemented or amended to reflect such transaction).

The selling stockholders and any broker-dealers or agents that are involved in selling the securities may be deemed to be “underwriters” within the meaning of the Securities Act in connection with such sales. In such event, any commissions received by such broker-dealers or agents and any profit on the resale of the securities purchased by them may be deemed to be underwriting commissions or discounts under the Securities Act. Each selling stockholder has informed the Company that it does not have any written or oral agreement or understanding, directly or indirectly, with any person to distribute the securities. In no event shall any broker-dealer receive fees, commissions and markups which, in the aggregate, would exceed eight percent (8%).

The Company is required to pay certain fees and expenses incurred by the Company incident to the registration of the securities. The Company has agreed to indemnify the selling stockholders against certain losses, claims, damages and liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act.

Because selling stockholders may be deemed to be “underwriters” within the meaning of the Securities Act, they will be subject to the prospectus delivery requirements of the Securities Act including Rule 172 thereunder. In addition, any securities covered by this prospectus which qualify for sale pursuant to Rule 144 under the Securities Act may be sold under Rule 144 rather than under this prospectus. The selling stockholders have advised us that there is no underwriter or coordinating broker acting in connection with the proposed sale of the resale securities by the selling stockholders.

We agreed to keep this prospectus effective until the earlier of (i) the date on which the securities may be resold by the selling stockholders without registration and without regard to any volume or manner-of-sale limitations by reason of Rule 144 (assuming a cashless exercise of each Series A, B, and C Warrant), without the requirement for the Company to be in compliance with the current public information under Rule 144 under the Securities Act or any other rule of similar effect or (ii) all of the securities have been sold pursuant to this prospectus or Rule 144 under the Securities Act or any other rule of similar effect. The resale securities will be sold only through registered or licensed brokers or dealers if required under applicable state securities laws. In addition, in certain states, the resale securities covered hereby may not be sold unless they have been registered or qualified for sale in the applicable state or an exemption from the registration or qualification requirement is available and is complied with.

Under applicable rules and regulations under the Exchange Act, any person engaged in the distribution of the resale securities may not simultaneously engage in market making activities with respect to the common stock for the applicable restricted period, as defined in Regulation M under the Securities Act, prior to the commencement of the distribution. In addition, the selling stockholders will be subject to applicable provisions of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations thereunder, including Regulation M, which may limit the timing of purchases and sales of the common stock by the selling stockholders or any other person. We will make copies of this prospectus available to the selling stockholders and have informed them of the need to deliver a copy of this prospectus to each purchaser at or prior to the time of the sale (including by compliance with Rule 172 under the Securities Act).

LEGAL MATTERS

The validity of the securities offered by this prospectus will be passed upon by Womble Carlyle Sandridge & Rice LLP, Atlanta, Georgia.

EXPERTS

The consolidated financial statements of GeoVax, Labs, Inc. and subsidiary as of December 31, 2015 and 2014 appearing in this Prospectus and Registration Statement have been audited by Porter Keadle Moore, LLC, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report appearing elsewhere herein, and are included in reliance upon such report and upon the authority of such firm as experts in accounting and auditing.

WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION

We have filed with the SEC a registration statement on Form S-1 under the Securities Act with respect to the securities offered by this prospectus. This prospectus does not contain all of the information included in the registration statement. For further information pertaining to us and our securities, you should refer to the registration statement and the exhibits and schedules filed with the registration statement. Whenever we make reference in this prospectus to any of our contracts, agreements or other documents, the references are not necessarily complete, and you should refer to the exhibits attached to the registration statement for copies of the actual contract, agreement or other document.

We are subject to the informational requirements of the Securities Exchange Act and file annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC. You can read our SEC filings, including the registration statement, over the Internet at the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. You may also read and copy any document we file with the SEC at its Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C., 20549. You may obtain information on the operation of the Public Reference Room by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330.

GEOVAX LABS, INC.

INDEX TO 2015 CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm	F-2

Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2015 and 2014	F-3

Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013	F-4

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013	F-5

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013	F-6

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	F-7

Financial Statement Schedule:
Schedule II – Valuation and Qualifying Accounts for the years ended
December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013	F-18

F-1

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Board of Directors

GeoVax Labs, Inc.

Atlanta, Georgia

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of GeoVax Labs, Inc. and subsidiary (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2015 and 2014, and the related consolidated statements of operations, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2015. Our audits also included the financial statement schedule of the Company listed in Item 15(a) of the Company’s Form 10-K. These financial statements and financial statement schedule are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements and schedule based on our audits.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. Our audits included consideration of internal control over financial reporting as a basis for designing audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion of the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of GeoVax Labs, Inc. and subsidiary as of December 31, 2015 and 2014, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2015, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Also, in our opinion, the financial statement schedule, when considered in relation to the basic consolidated financial statements taken as a whole, presents fairly in all material respects the information set forth therein.

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As discussed in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company's recurring losses from operations and continued need for capital raise substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern. Management’s plans in regard to these matters also are described in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements. These consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

Atlanta, Georgia

March 16, 2016

F-2

GEOVAX LABS, INC.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

	December 31,
	2015			2014
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	1,060,348		$	1,101,651
Grant funds receivable		119,978			79,341
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		56,649			44,503

Total current assets		1,236,975			1,225,495

Property and equipment, net		83,608			96,693

Other assets		11,010			11,010

Total assets	$	1,331,593		$	1,333,198


LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	100,935		$	55,616
Accrued expenses		4,055			52,490
Amounts due to Emory University (a related party) (Note 12)		22,000			78,917

Total current liabilities		126,990			187,023

Commitments (Note 6)

Stockholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, $.01 par value:
Authorized shares – 10,000,000
Series B convertible preferred stock, $1,000 stated value; 100 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively		76,095			76,095
Series C convertible preferred stock, $1,000 stated value; 3,000 and -0- shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively		983,941			-
Common stock, $.001 par value:
Authorized shares – 150,000,000 and 75,000,000 at December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectfully
Issued and outstanding shares – 31,950,813 at December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively		31,951			31,951
Additional paid-in capital		32,587,543			30,823,769
Accumulated deficit		(32,474,927	)		(29,785,640	)

Total stockholders’ equity		1,204,603			1,146,175

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	1,331,593		$	1,333,198

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

F-3

GEOVAX LABS. INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

	Years Ended December 31,
	2015			2014			2013
Grant revenue	$	428,081		$	882,956		$	2,417,550

Operating expenses:
Research and development		1,693,102			1,812,969			2,914,878
General and administrative		1,429,731			1,807,605			1,792,160
Total operating expenses		3,122,833			3,620,574			4,707,038

Loss from operations		(2,694,752	)		(2,737,618	)		(2,289,488	)

Other income:
Interest income		5,465			4,063			4,545
Total other income		5,465			4,063			4,545

Net loss	$	(2,689,287	)	$	(2,733,555	)	$	(2,284,943	)

Basic and diluted:
Loss per common share	$	(0.08	)	$	(0.10	)	$	(0.11	)
Weighted average shares outstanding		31,950,813			26,645,140			21,212,327

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

F-4

GEOVAX LABS, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

	Series A Convertible Preferred Stock						Series B Convertible Preferred Stock						Series C Convertible Preferred Stock				Common Stock				Additional		Accumulated			Total Stockholders’
	Shares			Amount			Shares			Amount			Shares		Amount		Shares		Amount		Paid-in Capital		Deficit			Equity
Balance at December 31, 2012		788		$	312,196			-		$	-			-	$	-		18,733,277	$	18,733		25,587,148	$	(24,767,142	)	$	1,150,935
Sale of common stock for cash upon warrant exercise		-			-			-			-			-		-		2,933,333		2,933		1,640,400		-			1,643,333
Issuance of common stock for services		-			-			-			-			-		-		50,000		50		20,450		-			20,500
Sale of convertible preferred stock for cash		-			360,229			1,650			1,255,569			-		-		-		-		-		-			1,615,798
Conversion of preferred stock to common stock		(717	)		(611,839	)		-			-			-		-		2,048,570		2,049		609,790		-			-
Stock-based compensation expense		-			-			-			-			-		-		-		-		381,604		-			381,604
Net loss for the year ended December 31, 2013		-			-			-			-			-		-		-		-		-		(2,284,943	)		(2,284,943	)
Balance at December 31, 2013		71			60,586			1,650			1,255,569			-		-		23,765,180		23,765		28,239,392		(27,052,085	)		2,527,227
Sale of common stock for cash upon warrant exercise		-			-			-			-			-		-		3,176,000		3,176		870,224		-			873,400
Issuance of common stock for services		-			-			-			-			-		-		378,205		378		99,622		-			100,000
Conversion of preferred stock to common stock		(71	)		(60,586	)		(1,550	)		(1,179,474	)		-		-		4,631,428		4,632		1,235,428		-			-
Stock-based compensation expense		-			-			-			-			-		-		-		-		379,103		-			379,103
Net loss for the year ended December 31, 2014		-			-			-			-			-		-		-		-		-		(2,733,555	)		(2,733,555	)
Balance at December 31, 2014		-			-			100			76,095			-		-		31,950,813		31,951		30,823,769		(29,785,640	)		1,146,175
Sale of convertible preferred stock for cash		-			-			-			-			3,000		983,941		-		-		1,695,869		-			2,679,810
Stock-based compensation expense		-			-			-			-			-		-		-		-		67,905		-			67,905
Net loss for the year ended December 31, 2015		-			-			-			-			-		-		-		-		-		(2,689,287	)		(2,689,287	)
Balance at December 31, 2015		-		$	-			100		$	76,095			3,000	$	983,941		31,950,813	$	31,951	$	32,587,543	$	(32,474,927	)	$	1,204,603

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

F-5

GEOVAX LABS. INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

	Years Ended December 31,
	2015			2014			2013
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss	$	(2,689,287	)	$	(2,733,555	)	$	(2,284,943	)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		28,935			69,037			78,862
Stock-based compensation expense, including common stock issued for services		67,905			479,103			402,104
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Grant funds receivable		(40,637	)		61,568			125,339
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		(12,146	)		(934	)		(1,268	)
Accounts payable and accrued expenses		(60,033	)		(125,326	)		(14,686	)
Total adjustments		(15,976	)		483,448			590,351
Net cash used in operating activities		(2,705,263	)		(2,250,107	)		(1,694,592	)

Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchase of property and equipment		(15,850	)		(35,503	)		(86,603	)
Net cash used in investing activities		(15,850	)		(35,503	)		(86,603	)

Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from sale of common stock		-			873,400			1,643,333
Proceeds from sale of preferred stock		2,679,810			-			1,615,798
Net cash provided in financing activities		2,679,810			873,400			3,259,131

Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents		(41,303	)		(1,412,210	)		1,477,936
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period		1,101,651			2,513,861			1,035,925

Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	1,060,348		$	1,101,651		$	2,513,861

Supplemental disclosure of non-cash financing activities:

As discussed in Note 7, during the year ended December 31, 2014, 71 shares of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock were converted into 202,857 shares of common stock and 1,550 shares of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock were converted into 4,428,571 shares of common stock. During the year ended December 31, 2013, 717 shares of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock were converted into 2,048,570 shares of common stock.

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

F-6

GEOVAX LABS, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Years Ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013

1.	Description of Business

GeoVax Labs, Inc. (“GeoVax” or the “Company”), is a clinical-stage biotechnology company developing human vaccines using our novel vaccine platform. Our vaccine delivery technology generates virus-like particles (VLPs) that are effective at eliciting safe and effective immune responses. Our current development programs are focused on vaccines against Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), hemorrhagic fever viruses (Ebola, Marburg, and Lassa) and Zika virus, and for use in cancer immunotherapy. We believe our technology and vaccine development expertise is well-suited for a variety of human infectious diseases and we intend to pursue further expansion of our product pipeline. Our HIV vaccine technology was developed in collaboration with Emory University, the National Institutes of Health (NIH), and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and is exclusively licensed to us. GeoVax is incorporated under the laws of the State of Delaware and our principal offices are located in Smyrna, Georgia (metropolitan Atlanta area).

Our vaccine development activities have been, and continue to be, financially supported by the U.S. government. This support has been both in the form of research grants awarded directly to us, as well as indirect support for preclinical animals studies and for the conduct of our human clinical trials.

We operate in a highly regulated and competitive environment. The manufacturing and marketing of pharmaceutical products require approval from, and are subject to, ongoing oversight by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the United States, by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) in the European Union, and by comparable agencies in other countries. Obtaining approval for a new pharmaceutical product is never certain and may take many years and may involve expenditure of substantial resources. Our goal is to build a profitable company by generating income from products we develop and commercialize, either alone or with one or more potential strategic partners.

2.	Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of GeoVax Labs, Inc. together with those of our wholly-owned subsidiary, GeoVax, Inc. All intercompany transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that we will continue as a going concern, which contemplates realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business for the twelve-month period following the date of these consolidated financial statements. We are devoting substantially all of our present efforts to research and development. We have funded our activities to date from government grants and clinical trial assistance, and from sales of our equity securities. We will continue to require substantial funds to continue our research and development activities.

We believe that our existing cash resources and grant commitments will be sufficient to fund our planned operations through the second quarter of 2016, but due to our history of operating losses and our continuing need for capital to conduct our research and development activities, there is substantial doubt concerning our ability to operate as a going concern beyond that date. We are currently exploring sources of capital through government grants and clinical trial support and through philanthropic foundation support. We may also secure additional funds through sales of our equity securities or the exercise of currently outstanding stock purchase warrants. Management believes that it will be successful in securing the additional capital required to continue the Company’s planned operations, but that its plans do not fully alleviate the substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to operate as a going concern. Additional funding may not be available on favorable terms or at all. If we fail to obtain additional capital when needed, we may be required to delay, scale back, or eliminate some or all of our research and development programs as well as reduce our general and administrative expenses.

F-7

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results may differ from those estimates.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

We consider all highly liquid investments with a maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. Our cash and cash equivalents consist primarily of bank deposits and money market accounts. The recorded values approximate fair market values due to the short maturities.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments and Concentration of Credit Risk

Financial instruments that subject us to concentration of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, which are maintained by a high credit quality financial institution. The carrying values reported in the balance sheets for cash and cash equivalents approximate fair values.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are charged to operations as incurred, while additions and improvements are capitalized. We calculate depreciation using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets which range from three to five years. We amortize leasehold improvements using the straight-line method over the term of the related lease.

In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-02, Leases (ASU 2016-02). ASU 2016-02 requires lessees to recognize the assets and liabilities on their balance sheet for the rights and obligations created by most leases and continue to recognize expenses on their income statements over the lease term. It will also require disclosures designed to give financial statement users information on the amount, timing, and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases. The guidance is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those years. Early adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact of ASU 2016-02 on our financial statements.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

We review long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of the assets to the future net cash flows expected to be generated by such assets. If we consider such assets to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds the expected future net cash flows from the assets.

Accrued Liabilities

As part of the process of preparing our financial statements, we estimate expenses that we believe we have incurred, but have not yet been billed by our third party vendors. This process involves identifying services and activities that have been performed by such vendors on our behalf and estimating the level to which they have been performed and the associated cost incurred for such service as of each balance sheet date.

Net Loss Per Share

Basic and diluted loss per common share are computed based on the weighted average number of common shares outstanding. Common share equivalents consist of common shares issuable upon conversion of convertible preferred stock, and upon exercise of stock options and stock purchase warrants. All common share equivalents are excluded from the computation of diluted loss per share since the effect would be anti-dilutive. Common share equivalents which could potentially dilute basic earnings per share in the future, and which were excluded from the computation of diluted loss per share, totaled approximately 90.3 million, 6.6 million, and 14.4 million at December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively.

Revenue Recognition

We recognize revenue in accordance with U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 101, Revenue Recognition in Financial Statements, as amended by Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 104, Revenue Recognition, (SAB 104). SAB 104 provides guidance in applying GAAP to revenue recognition issues, and specifically addresses revenue recognition for upfront, nonrefundable fees received in connection with research collaboration agreements. During 2015, 2014 and 2013, our revenue consisted of grant funding received from the NIH (see Note 5). Revenue from these arrangements is approximately equal to the costs incurred and is recorded as income as the related costs are incurred.

F-8

In May 2014, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (ASU 2014-09), which creates a new Topic, Accounting Standards Codification Topic 606. The standard is principle-based and provides a five-step model to determine when and how revenue is recognized. The core principle is that an entity should recognize revenue when it transfers promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. ASU 2014-09 is effective for the Company beginning in 2017 and allows for either full retrospective adoption or modified retrospective adoption. We are currently evaluating the impact of the adoption of ASU 2014-09 on our financial statements.

Research and Development Expense

Research and development expense primarily consists of costs incurred in the discovery, development, testing and manufacturing of our product candidates. These expenses consist primarily of (i) fees paid to third-party service providers to perform, monitor and accumulate data related to our preclinical studies and clinical trials, (ii) costs related to sponsored research agreements, (iii) the costs to procure and manufacture materials used in clinical trials, (iv) laboratory supplies and facility-related expenses to conduct development, and (v) salaries, benefits, and stock-based compensation for personnel. These costs are charged to expense as incurred.

Patent Costs

Our expenditures relating to obtaining and protecting patents are charged to expense when incurred, and are included in general and administrative expense.

Period to Period Comparisons

Our operating results are expected to fluctuate for the foreseeable future. Therefore, period-to-period comparisons should not be relied upon as predictive of the results for future periods.

Income Taxes

We account for income taxes using the liability method. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the estimated future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted rates in effect for the year in which temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance unless, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will be realized.

Stock-Based Compensation

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Except as discussed above, there have been no recent accounting pronouncements or changes in accounting pronouncements which we expect to have a material impact on our financial statements, nor do we believe that any recently issued, but not yet effective, accounting standards if currently adopted would have a material effect on our financial statements.

F-9

3.	Property and Equipment

Property and equipment as shown on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets is composed of the following as of December 31, 2015 and 2014:

	2015			2014
Laboratory equipment	$	525,956		$	510,106
Leasehold improvements		115,605			115,605
Other furniture, fixtures & equipment		28,685			28,685
Total property and equipment		670,246			654,396
Accumulated depreciation and amortization		(586,638	)		(557,703	)
Property and equipment, net	$	83,608		$	96,693

Depreciation and amortization expense was $28,935, $59,037, and $68,862 during the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively.

4.	Other Assets

Other assets as shown on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets include the following as of December 31, 2015 and 2014:

	2015			2014
Technology licenses	$	248,855		$	248,855
Accumulated amortization – technology licenses		(248,855	)		(248,855	)
Deposits		11,010			11,010
Total other assets	$	11,010		$	11,010

Amortization expense related to technology licenses was $-0-, $10,000, and $10,000 during the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively.

5.	Government Grants

We record revenue associated with government grants as the related costs and expenses are incurred and such revenue is reported as a separate line item in our statements of operations. Grant revenues relate to grants from the NIH in support of our HIV vaccine development activities. During 2015, 2014, and 2013, we recorded $428,081, $882,956 and $2,417,550, respectively, of aggregate revenue associated with these grants. Additional detail concerning our grant revenues is discussed below.

In June 2015, the NIH awarded us an SBIR grant entitled “Directed Lineage Immunizations for Eliciting Broadly Neutralizing Antibody.” The initial grant award was $299,585 for the first year of a two year project period beginning July 1, 2015. We recorded grant revenue of $199,116 for the year ended December 31, 2015 related to this grant, and there is approximately $100,469 in remaining grant funds available as of December 31, 2015.

F-10

6.	Commitments

Lease Agreements

We lease approximately 8,400 square feet of office and laboratory space located in Smyrna, Georgia (metropolitan Atlanta) pursuant to an operating lease which expires on December 31, 2016, with an additional 12-month renewal option. Rent expense for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 was $146,092, $117,084, and $117,879, respectively. Future minimum lease payments total $149,042 in 2016.

Other Commitments

In the normal course of business, we may enter into various firm purchase commitments related to production and testing of our vaccine material, conduct of clinical trials, and other research-related activities. As of December 31, 2015, we had approximately $72,500 of unrecorded outstanding purchase commitments to our vendors and subcontractors, all of which we expect will be due in 2016.

7.	Preferred Stock

Series A Convertible Preferred Stock

In March 2012, we issued 2,200 shares of our Series A Convertible Preferred Stock, $1,000 stated value (“Series A Preferred Stock”), and warrants to purchase up to 8,799,999 shares of our common stock for gross proceeds of $2.2 million. Net proceeds, after deduction of placement agent fees and other expenses, were approximately $2.0 million.

Each share of Series A Preferred Stock was entitled to a liquidation preference equal to the initial purchase price, had no voting rights, and was not entitled to a dividend. The Series A Preferred Stock was convertible at any time at the option of the holders into shares of our common stock. The initial conversion price was $0.75 and during 2012, 1,412 of the Series A Preferred Shares were converted at this price into an aggregate of 1,882,667 shares of our common stock. Effective December 11, 2013, we amended the designation of the Series A Preferred Stock in connection with the issuance of our Series B Convertible Preferred Stock (see discussion below). The amendment had the effect of reducing the conversion price of the then-outstanding Series A Preferred Stock to $0.35 and during the remainder of 2013, 717 shares of the Series A Preferred Stock were converted at this price into an aggregate of 2,048,570 shares of our common stock. The remaining 71 shares of Series A Preferred Stock were converted into 202,857 shares of our common stock in January 2014, and there are no shares of Series A Preferred Stock outstanding at December 31, 2015.

We assessed the Series A Preferred Stock and the related warrants under ASC Topic 480, “Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity” (“ASC 480”), ASC Topic 815, “Derivatives and Hedging” (“ASC 815”), and ASC Topic 470, “Debt” (“ASC 470”). The preferred stock contains an embedded feature allowing an optional conversion by the holder into common stock which meets the definition of a derivative. However, we determined that the preferred stock is an “equity host” (as described by ASC 815) for purposes of assessing the embedded derivative for potential bifurcation and that the optional conversion feature is clearly and closely associated to the preferred stock host; therefore the embedded derivative does not require bifurcation and separate recognition under ASC 815. We determined there to be a beneficial conversion feature (“BCF”) requiring recognition at its intrinsic value. Since the conversion option of the preferred stock was immediately exercisable, the amount allocated to the BCF was immediately accreted to preferred dividends, resulting in an increase in the carrying value of the preferred stock. We also assessed the warrants issued in connection with the financing under ASC 815 and determined that they did not initially meet the definition of a derivative, but will require evaluation on an on-going basis. As of December 31, 2015, we determined that the warrants still did not meet the definition of a derivative.

F-11

The following is a summary of the allocation of net proceeds and reconciliation to the carrying value of the Series A Preferred Stock at December 31, 2015:

Net proceeds	$	1,999,032
Fair value of warrants (recorded to Additional Paid-in Capital)		(1,127,418	)
Beneficial conversion feature (recorded to Additional Paid-in Capital)		(762,667	)
Net proceeds allocated to preferred stock		108,947
Accretion of beneficial conversion feature (deemed dividend)		762,667
Initial carrying value of preferred stock		871,614
Accretion of beneficial conversion feature (deemed dividend) related to issuance of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock		360,229
Conversions to common stock during 2012, 2013, and 2014		(1,231,843	)
Carrying value at December 31, 2015 and 2014	$	-0-

Series B Convertible Preferred Stock

In December 2013, we issued 1,650 shares of our Series B Convertible Preferred Stock, $1,000 stated value (“Series B Preferred Stock”), which was originally convertible into 4,714,286 shares of our common stock, for gross proceeds of $1.65 million. Net proceeds, after deduction of transaction expenses, were approximately $1.6 million. No warrants were issued in connection with the transaction.

Each share of Series B Preferred Stock has a liquidation preference equal to the initial purchase price, has no voting rights, and is not entitled to a dividend. The Series B Preferred Stock may be converted at any time at the option of the holders into shares of our common stock at a conversion price of $0.35. During 2014, 1,550 shares of the Series B Preferred Stock were converted into 4,428,571 shares of our common stock; there were no conversions during 2015. As of December 31, 2015, there were 100 shares of Series B Preferred Stock outstanding, convertible into 285,714 shares of our common stock.

In conjunction with the issuance of the Series B Preferred Stock, we entered into an agreement with the holders of the Series A Preferred Stock to amend the designation of the Series A Preferred Stock. The amendment had the effect of reducing the conversion price of the then-outstanding 788 Series A Preferred Shares from $0.75 to $0.35.

We assessed the Series B Preferred Stock using the same methodology as for the Series A Preferred Stock (see discussion above), which resulted in the same determinations. The following is a summary of the allocation of net proceeds and reconciliation to the carrying value of the Series B Preferred Stock at December 31, 2015:

Net proceeds	$	1,615,798
Beneficial conversion feature – Series A Preferred Stock (recorded to Additional Paid-in Capital)		(360,229	)
Beneficial conversion feature – Series B Preferred Stock (recorded to Additional Paid-in Capital)		(754,286	)
Net proceeds allocated to preferred stock		501,283
Accretion of beneficial conversion feature (deemed dividend)		754,286
Conversions to common stock during 2014		(1,179,474	)
Carrying value at December 31, 2015 and 2014	$	76,095

Series C Convertible Preferred Stock

In February 2015, we issued 3,000 shares of our Series C Convertible Preferred Stock, $1,000 stated value (“Series C Preferred Stock”), and warrants to purchase up to 51,333,331 shares of our common stock for gross proceeds of $3.0 million. Net proceeds, after deduction of placement agent fees and other expenses, were approximately $2.7 million.

Each share of Series C Preferred Stock is entitled to a liquidation preference equal to the initial purchase price, has no voting rights, and is not entitled to a dividend. The Series C Preferred Stock is convertible at any time at the option of the holders into shares of our common stock. The initial conversion price of the Series C Preferred Stock was $0.18 per share (“Conversion Price”). The Series C Preferred Stock contains price adjustment provisions which reduced the Conversion Price according to a formula based on the then-current market price for our common stock. As discussed below, on April 8, 2015 the Conversion Price was adjusted to $0.142 per share, and on December 4, 2015 the Conversion Price was further adjusted to $0.09416 per share, resulting in an aggregate total of 31,860,662 shares of our common stock (“Conversion Shares”) into which the Series C Preferred Stock currently may be converted.

F-12

In connection with the Series C Preferred Stock issuance, we also issued to each Purchaser Series D, E and F Warrants (collectively, the “Investor Warrants”), each to purchase up to a number of shares of our common stock equal to 100% of the Conversion Shares underlying the Series C Preferred Stock (up to 16,666,666 shares in the aggregate for each of the three series of warrants, or 49,999,998 shares in total). The Series D Warrants had an initial exercise price of $0.22 per share, are currently exercisable, and have a term of exercise equal to five years from the date of issuance. The Series E Warrants had an initial exercise price of $0.18 per share, are currently exercisable, and have a term of exercise equal to one year from the date of issuance. The Series F Warrants had an initial exercise price of $0.22 per share and have a term of exercise equal to five years from the date of issuance, but only vest and become exercisable upon, and in proportion to, the exercise of the one-year Series E Warrants. We also issued to our placement agent warrants (“Placement Agent Warrants”) to acquire 1,333,333 shares of our Common Stock with terms substantially the same as the Series D Warrants. The Investor Warrants and Placement Agent Warrants contain anti-dilution and price adjustment provisions, which may, under certain circumstances, (i) reduce the exercise price on several future dates according to a formula based on the then-current market price for our common stock and (ii) reduce the exercise price to match if we sell or grant options to purchase, including rights to reprice, our common stock or common stock equivalents at a price lower than the exercise price of the warrants, or if we announce plans to do so. The number of shares subject to warrants will not increase due to such reductions in exercise price. In connection with the price adjustments for the Series C Preferred Stock discussed above, the exercise prices of the Investor Warrants and Placement Agent Warrants were also adjusted. The exercise price of the Series E Warrants has been reduced to $0.09416, and the exercise price of the Series D Warrants, Series F Warrants and Placement Agent Warrants has been reduced to $0.11299.

We assessed the Series C Preferred Stock using the same methodology as for the Series A Preferred Stock (see discussion above), which resulted in the same determinations, although we determined there to be no beneficial conversion feature requiring recognition for the Series C Preferred Stock. We also assessed the warrants issued in connection with the financing under ASC 815 and determined that they do not initially meet the definition of a derivative, but will require evaluation on an on-going basis. As of December 31, 2015, we determined that the warrants still did not meet the definition of a derivative.

The following is a summary of the allocation of net proceeds and reconciliation to the carrying value of the Series C Preferred Stock at December 31, 2015

Net proceeds after transaction costs	$	2,679,810
Less: Fair value of warrants (recorded to Additional Paid-in Capital)		(1,695,869	)
Recorded value of Series C Preferred Stock at December 31, 2015	$	983,941

8.	Common Stock

Common Stock Transactions

During January and May 2013, we issued an aggregate of 2,933,333 shares of our common stock pursuant to the exercise of certain stock purchase warrants, resulting in total net proceeds of $1,643,333 (see “Stock Purchase Warrants” below).

During October 2013, we issued 50,000 shares of our common stock to a consultant in exchange for services and recorded stock-based compensation expense of $20,500 related to the issuance (see Note 9).

During July and November 2014, we issued an aggregate of 378,205 shares of our common stock to a consultant in exchange for services and recorded aggregate stock-based compensation expense of $100,000 related to the issuances (see see Note 9).

During October 2014, we issued an aggregate of 3,176,000 shares of our common stock pursuant to the exercise of certain stock purchase warrants, resulting in total net proceeds of $873,400 (see “Stock Purchase Warrants” below).

We issued shares of our common stock related to conversions of our Series A and Series B Preferred Stock (see Note 7) as follows:

	2015		2014		2013
Conversion of Series A Preferred Stock		-0-		202,857		2,048,570
Conversion of Series B Preferred Stock		-0-		4,428,571		-0-

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Stock Purchase Warrants

As of December 31, 2015, we have the following common stock purchase warrants outstanding:

Expiration Date	Number of Shares		Weighted Average Exercise Price
February 27, 2016		16,666,666	$	0.09
December 31, 2016		1,806,159		1.00
January 16, 2017		45,000		1.00
January 31, 2017		567,001		1.00
March 21, 2017		2,690,666		0.09
February 27, 2020		34,666,665		0.11
Outstanding at December 31, 2015		56,442,157	$	0.14
Exercisable at December 31, 2015		39,775,491	$	0.16

During January 2013, we reduced the exercise price of warrants to purchase 2,933,333 shares of our common stock from $0.75 to $0.60 per share. In consideration for the reduction of the exercise price, the holders of the warrants immediately exercised 1,766,667 of the warrants for cash, resulting in total proceeds to the Company of $1,060,000. We also extended the expiration date of the 1,166,666 unexercised warrants from March 21, 2013 to May 21, 2013. We recorded non-cash general and administrative expense of $218,551 associated with these warrant modifications. During May 2013, we reduced the exercise price of the 1,166,666 remaining warrants from $0.60 to $0.50 per share. In consideration for the reduction of the exercise price, the holders of the warrants immediately exercised all of the remaining warrants for cash, resulting in total proceeds to the Company of $583,333. We recorded non-cash general and administrative expense of $19,617 associated with this warrant modification.

During September 2014, we reduced the exercise price of warrants to purchase 818,376 shares of our common stock from $16.50 to $1.00 per share, and extended the expiration dates from December 31, 2014 to December 31, 2016. We recorded non-cash general and administrative expense of $39,711 associated with these modifications.

During October 2014, we entered into an agreement with certain holders of warrants to purchase shares of our common stock with respect to the payment to them of a warrant exercise fee of $0.075 per share for each share purchased upon exercise of warrants held by them. In exchange for the fee, they immediately exercised warrants for an aggregate of 3,176,000 shares of our common stock, resulting in proceeds to us of $873,400 (net of the exercise fee).

Common Stock Reserved

A summary of common stock reserved for future issuance as of December 31, 2015 is as follows:

Stock Purchase Warrants			56,442,157
Stock Option Plan			1,722,529
Series B Convertible Preferred Stock			285,714
Series C Convertible Preferred Stock			31,860,662
Total			90,311,062

9.	Stock-Based Compensation

Stock Option Plan

In 2006, we adopted the GeoVax Labs, Inc. 2006 Equity Incentive Plan (the “Stock Option Plan”) for the granting of qualified incentive stock options (“ISO’s”), nonqualified stock options, restricted stock awards or restricted stock bonuses to employees, officers, directors, consultants and advisors of the Company. The exercise price for any option granted may not be less than fair value (110% of fair value for ISO’s granted to certain employees). Options granted under the Stock Option Plan have a maximum ten-year term and generally vest over three years. We have reserved 1,722,529 shares of our common stock (net of exercises to date) for issuance under the Stock Option Plan.

F-14

Certain information concerning the Stock Option Plan as of December 31, 2015, and a summary of activity during the year then ended is presented below:

	Number of Shares			Weighted- Average Exercise Price		Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term (yrs)		Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding at December 31, 2014		1,183,100		$	3.50
Granted		590,400			0.11
Exercised		-			-
Forfeited or expired		(68,000	)		1.50
Outstanding at December 31, 2015		1,705,500		$	2.41		7.3	$	-0-
Exercisable at December 31, 2015		906,761		$	4.39		5.3	$	-0-

Additional information concerning our stock options for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 is as follows:

	2015		2014		2013
Weighted average fair value of options granted	$	0.09	$	0.14	$	0.43
Intrinsic value of options exercised		-0-		-0-		-0-
Total fair value of options vested		66,622		97,707		165,490

We use the Black-Scholes model for determining the grant date fair value of our stock option grants. This model utilizes certain information, such as the interest rate on a risk-free security with a term generally equivalent to the expected life of the option being valued and requires certain other assumptions, such as the expected amount of time an option will be outstanding until it is exercised or expired, to calculate the fair value of stock options granted. The significant assumptions we used in our fair value calculations were as follows:

	2015			2014			2013
Weighted average risk-free interest rates		1.99	%		1.98	%		2.3	%
Expected dividend yield		0.0	%		0.0	%		0.0	%
Expected life of option (in years)		7.0			7.0			7.0
Expected volatility		91.43	%		94.88	%		96.60	%

Stock-based compensation expense related to the Stock Option Plan was $67,905, $101,191, and $143,435 during the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Stock option expense is allocated to research and development expense or to general and administrative expense based on the nature of the services provided by the related individuals. For the three years ended December 31, 2015, stock option expense was allocated as follows:

	2015		2014		2013
General and administrative expense	$	45,822	$	69,057	$	101,896
Research and development expense		22,083		32,134		41,539
Total stock option expense	$	67,905	$	101,191	$	143,435

As of December 31, 2015, there was $95,344 of unrecognized compensation expense related to stock-based compensation arrangements pursuant to the Stock Option Plan. The unrecognized compensation expense is expected to be recognized over a weighted average remaining period of 2.2 years.

Other Non-Employee Stock-Based Compensation

We recorded general and administrative expense of $-0-, $100,000, and $20,500 during the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively, related to the issuance of our common stock in exchange for services rendered by non-employees (See Note 8).

F-15

We recorded general and administrative expense of $-0-, $39,712, and $238,168 during the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively, related to modifications made to certain stock purchase warrants. Additionally, during 2014, we recorded general and administrative expense of $238,200 related to a warrant exercise fee paid to certain holders of our stock purchase warrants as an incentive for the holders to immediately certain warrants (see Note 8).

As of December 31, 2015, there was no unrecognized expense related to non-employee stock-based compensation arrangements.

10.	Retirement Plan

We participate in a multi-employer defined contribution retirement plan (the “401k Plan”) administered by a third party service provider; and the Company contributes to the 401k Plan on behalf of its employees based upon a matching formula. During the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 our contributions to the 401k Plan were $40,296, $35,567, and $43,132, respectively.

11.	Income Taxes

At December 31, 2015, we have a consolidated federal net operating loss (“NOL”) carryforward of approximately $67.2 million, available to offset against future taxable income which expires in varying amounts in 2019 through 2035. Additionally, we have approximately $894,000 in research and development (“R&D”) tax credits that expire in 2022 through 2035 unless utilized earlier. No income taxes have been paid to date. Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code contains provisions that may limit our utilization of our NOL and R&D tax credit carryforwards in any given year as a result of significant changes in ownership interests that have occurred in past periods or may occur in future periods.

Deferred income taxes reflect the net effect of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. Significant components of our deferred tax assets and liabilities included the following at December 31, 2015 and 2014:

	2015			2014
Deferred tax assets:
Net operating loss carryforward	$	23,822,431		$	22,806,391
Research and development tax credit carryforward		893,797			825,896
Stock-based compensation expense		2,419,892			2,396,805
Total deferred tax assets		27,136,120			26,029,092

Deferred tax liabilities
Depreciation		(5,086	)		(7,149	)
Total deferred tax liabilities		(5,086	)		(7,149	)

Net deferred tax assets		27,131,034			26,021,943
Valuation allowance		(27,131,034	)		(26,021,943	)
	$	-0-		$	-0-

We have established a full valuation allowance equal to the amount of our net deferred tax assets due to uncertainties with respect to our ability to generate sufficient taxable income to realize these assets in the future. A reconciliation of the income tax benefit on losses at the U.S. federal statutory rate to the reported income tax expense is as follows:

	2015			2014			2013
U.S. federal statutory rate applied to pretax loss	$	(936,936	)	$	(906,830	)	$	(776,881	)
Permanent differences		2,914			1,734			3,138
Research and development credits		67,901			26,648			14,047
Change in valuation allowance		866,121			878,448			759,696
Reported income tax expense	$	-0-		$	-0-		$	-0-

12.	Related Party Transactions

We are obligated to reimburse Emory University (a significant stockholder of the Company) for ongoing costs in connection with the filing, prosecution and maintenance of patent applications subject to a license agreement for technology associated with the vaccines we are developing. The expense associated with these ongoing patent cost reimbursements to Emory amounted to $113,914, $179,958, and $98,042 for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014, and 2013, respectively.

F-16

In connection with a grant from the NIH (see Note 5), we entered into subcontracts with Emory University for the purpose of conducting research and development activities related to the grant. During 2015, 2014, and 2013, we recorded $-0-, $-0-, and $252,478, respectively, of expense associated with these subcontracts. All amounts paid to Emory under these subcontracts were reimbursable to us pursuant to the NIH grant.

13.	Selected Quarterly Financial Data (unaudited)

A summary of selected quarterly financial data for 2015 and 2014 is as follows:

	2015 Quarter Ended
	March 31			June 30			September 30			December 31
Revenue from grants	$	103,424		$	71,474		$	93,130		$	160,053
Net loss		(700,454	)		(676,203	)		(619,899	)		(692,731	)
Net loss per share		(0.02	)		(0.02	)		(0.02	)		(0.02	)

	2014 Quarter Ended
	March 31			June 30			September 30			December 31
Revenue from grants	$	157,340		$	180,441		$	322,086		$	223,089
Net loss		(615,918	)		(679,537	)		(514,515	)		(923,585	)
Net loss per share		(0.02	)		(0.03	)		(0.02	)		(0.03	)

14.	Subsequent Events

During January and February 2016, we issued an aggregate of 1,400,000 shares of our common stock related to conversions of our Series C Preferred Stock.

On February 15, 2016, we entered into an agreement with certain warrant holders (the “Holders”) with respect to amending the terms of our Series E Warrants. Pursuant to the agreement, we agreed to extend the term of the Series E Warrants to August 27, 2016, and we agreed to the payment to each Holder of a warrant exercise fee of $0.02916 per share for each share purchased upon exercise of the Series E Warrants. The Holders agreed to promptly exercise an aggregate of 3,664,588 Series E Warrants, for which we received $238,198 in total net proceeds (after deduction of the warrant exercise fee). We recorded non-cash general and administrative expense of $469,800 associated with the warrant modifications.

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GEOVAX LABS, INC.

SCHEDULE II – VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS

For the Years Ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013

			Additions
Description	Balance at Beginning Of Period		Charged to Costs and Expenses		Charged to Other Accounts		(1) Deductions			Balance at End Of Period
Reserve Deducted in the Balance Sheet From the Asset to Which it Applies:

Allowance for Deferred Tax Assets
Year ended December 31, 2015	$	26,021,943	$	1,109,091	$	-0-	$			$	27,131,034
Year ended December 31, 2014		25,002,881		1,019,062		-0-		-0-			26,021,943
Year ended December 31, 2013		27,295,741		862,736		-0-		(3,155,596	)		25,002,881

(1)

Deductions represent the effect of expiring NOL carryforwards from prior year.

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