Edgar Filing: FALCONSTOR SOFTWARE INC

Document

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

ý QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2018

o TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission File Number: 000-23970



FALCONSTOR SOFTWARE, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

DELAWARE	77-0216135
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

701 Brazos Street, Suite 400, Austin, TX	78701
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)

631-777-5188
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ý No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ý No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):



Large accelerated filer o	Accelerated filer o
Non-accelerated filer o	Smaller reporting company x
Emerging growth company o

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o No ý

The number of shares of common stock outstanding as of October 31, 2018 was 97,934,091.

FALCONSTOR SOFTWARE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

FORM 10-Q

INDEX



		Page
PART I.	Financial Information	3

Item 1.	Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	3

	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at September 30, 2018 (unaudited) and December 31, 2017	3

	Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017	4

	Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive (Loss) Income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017	5

	Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017	6

	Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	7

Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	30

Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	41

Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	42

PART II.	Other Information	43

Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	43

Item 1A.	Risk Factors	43

Item 6.	Exhibits	44

SIGNATURES		45

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

FALCONSTOR SOFTWARE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS



	September 30, 2018			December 31, 2017
	(unaudited)
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	2,827,296		$	1,011,472
Accounts receivable, net of allowances of $251,456 and $354,542, respectively	1,626,889			4,168,015
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	1,535,848			1,244,494
Contract assets, net	1,178,851			—
Total current assets	7,168,884			6,423,981
Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation of $18,137,451 and $17,926,959, respectively	443,145			636,112
Deferred tax assets, net	586,190			590,977
Software development costs, net	136,509			279,414
Other assets	965,932			992,760
Goodwill	4,150,339			4,150,339
Other intangible assets, net	105,375			141,631
Contract assets, net	939,930			—
Total assets	$	14,496,304		$	13,215,214
Liabilities and Stockholders' Deficit
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	862,577		$	1,092,864
Accrued expenses	2,405,103			4,376,235
Short-term loan, net of debt issuance costs and discounts	—			370,151
Deferred revenue, net	6,859,592			11,760,327
Total current liabilities	10,127,272			17,599,577
Other long-term liabilities	1,673,545			1,154,512
Notes payable, net	2,530,012			—
Deferred tax liabilities, net	85,559			85,559
Deferred revenue, net	2,712,842			6,600,363
Total liabilities	17,129,230			25,440,011
Commitments and contingencies (Note 11)
Series A redeemable convertible preferred stock, $.001 par value, 2,000,000 shares authorized, 900,000 shares issued and outstanding, redemption value of $10,831,863 and $9,000,000, respectively	9,394,412			9,000,000
Stockholders' deficit:
Common stock - $.001 par value, 800,000,000 and 100,000,000 shares authorized, respectively, 97,934,901 and 60,091,560 shares issued, respectively and 97,934,901 and 44,563,490 shares outstanding, respectively	97,932			60,090
Additional paid-in capital	112,548,108			168,637,157
Accumulated deficit	(122,829,307		)	(130,930,284		)
Common stock held in treasury, at cost (0 and 15,528,070 shares, respectively)	—			(57,032,917		)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net	(1,844,071		)	(1,958,843		)
Total stockholders' deficit	(12,027,338		)	(21,224,797		)
Total liabilities and stockholders' deficit	$	14,496,304		$	13,215,214

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

FALCONSTOR SOFTWARE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(UNAUDITED)



	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018			2017			2018			2017
Revenue:
Product revenue	$	1,007,915		$	2,129,125		$	3,925,504		$	6,549,832
Support and services revenue	3,052,246			3,976,308			9,140,187			12,329,042
Total revenue	4,060,161			6,105,433			13,065,691			18,878,874
Cost of revenue:
Product	62,742			118,880			128,632			669,564
Support and service	645,700			1,115,703			1,964,897			3,788,282
Total cost of revenue	708,442			1,234,583			2,093,529			4,457,846
Gross profit	3,351,719			4,870,850			$	10,972,162		$	14,421,028
Operating expenses:
Research and development costs	1,065,031			1,216,663			2,997,826			5,536,658
Selling and marketing	1,144,271			1,128,850			3,209,930			5,288,991
General and administrative	1,068,754			1,163,676			4,175,578			4,130,570
Restructuring costs (benefit)	315,283			76,705			951,265			(159,597		)
Total operating expenses	3,593,339			3,585,894			11,334,599			14,796,622
Operating income (loss)	(241,620		)	1,284,956			(362,437		)	(375,594		)
Interest and other income (loss), net	(187,667		)	134,321			(501,087		)	260,121
Income (loss) before income taxes	(429,287		)	1,419,277			(863,524		)	(115,473		)
Income tax expense (benefit)	(96,858		)	(9,896		)	(33,868		)	207,352
Net income (loss)	$	(332,429	)	$	1,429,173		$	(829,656	)	$	(322,825	)
Less: Accrual of Series A redeemable convertible preferred stock dividends	229,022			215,000			687,152			634,664
Less: Deemed dividend on Series A redeemable convertible preferred stock	—			—			2,269,042			—
Less: Accretion to redemption value of Series A redeemable convertible preferred stock	124,993			—			240,743			—
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders	$	(686,444	)	$	1,214,173		$	(4,026,593	)	$	(957,489	)
Basic net income (loss) per share attributable to common stockholders	$	(0.01	)	$	0.03		$	(0.05	)	$	(0.02	)
Diluted net income (loss) per share attributable to common stockholders	$	(0.01	)	$	0.02		$	(0.05	)	$	(0.02	)
Weighted average basic shares outstanding	97,935,348			44,552,892			75,844,719			44,362,367
Weighted average diluted shares outstanding	97,935,348			54,235,876			75,844,719			44,362,367

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

FALCONSTOR SOFTWARE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

(UNAUDITED)



	Three Months Ended September 30,					Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018			2017		2018			2017
Net income (loss)	$	(332,429	)	$	1,429,173	$	(829,656	)	$	(322,825	)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of applicable taxes:
Foreign currency translation	70,061			104,917		114,772			(75,179		)
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of applicable taxes:	70,061			104,917		114,772			(75,179		)
Total comprehensive income (loss)	$	(262,368	)	$	1,534,090	$	(714,884	)	$	(398,004	)
Less: Accrual of Series A redeemable convertible preferred stock dividends	229,022			215,000		687,152			634,664
Less: Deemed dividend on Series A redeemable convertible preferred stock	—			—		2,269,042			—
Less: Accretion to redemption value of Series A redeemable convertible preferred stock	124,993			—		240,743			—
Total comprehensive income (loss) attributable to common stockholders	$	(616,383	)	$	1,319,090	$	(3,911,821	)	$	(1,032,668	)

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

FALCONSTOR SOFTWARE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(UNAUDITED)



	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018			2017
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss	$	(829,656	)	$	(322,825	)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	511,232			760,409
Share-based payment compensation	35,648			241,992
Non-cash professional services expenses	—			40,000
Loss on disposal of fixed assets	—			63,774
Provision (benefit) for returns and doubtful accounts	(42,966		)	99,312
Deferred income taxes (benefit)	—			35,831
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable	2,581,079			2,820,410
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	158,024			287,844
Contract assets	1,038,473			—
Other assets	7,539			(371,543		)
Accounts payable	(219,868		)	710,509
Accrued expenses and other long-term liabilities	(152,018		)	(940,641		)
Deferred revenue	(3,419,209		)	(4,976,493		)
Net cash used in operating activities	(331,722		)	(1,551,421		)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of property and equipment	(46,494		)	(9,686		)
Capitalized software development costs	(32,919		)	—
Security deposits	3,625			(35,028		)
Purchase of intangible assets	(63,145		)	(63,999		)
Net cash used in investing activities	(138,933		)	(108,713		)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Payments for tax withholding for share-based compensation	—			(25,710		)
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt, net of issuance costs	2,328,019			—
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	2,328,019			(25,710		)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents	(41,540		)	45,626
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	1,815,824			(1,640,218		)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period	1,011,472			3,391,528
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$	2,827,296		$	1,751,310
Supplemental disclosures:
Cash paid for interest	$	64,837		$	—
Cash paid for income taxes, net	$	—		$	207,399
Non-cash investing and financing activities:
Undistributed Series A redeemable convertible preferred stock dividends	$	927,895		$	634,664
Warrants issued	$	4,143,000		$	—
Deemed dividend	$	2,269,042		$	—
Discount on preferred stock	$	1,602,428		$	—
Discount on notes payable	$	288,504		$	—

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

FALCONSTOR SOFTWARE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(1) Basis of Presentation

(a) The Company and Nature of Operations

FalconStor Software, Inc., a Delaware Corporation (the "Company"), is a leading storage software company offering a converged data services software platform that is hardware agnostic. The Company develops, manufactures and sells data migration, business continuity, disaster recovery, optimized backup and de-duplication solutions and provides the related maintenance, implementation and engineering services.

(b) Liquidity

As of September 30, 2018, we had a working capital deficiency of $3.0 million, which is inclusive of current deferred revenue of $6.9 million, and a stockholders' deficit of $12.0 million. During the three months ended September 30, 2018, we had a net loss of $0.3 million. During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, we had a net loss of $0.8 million and negative cash flow from operations of $0.3 million. Our cash and cash equivalents at September 30, 2018 was $2.8 million, an increase of $1.8 million as compared to December 31, 2017.

In June 2017, the Board approved a comprehensive plan to improve operating performance (the “2017 Plan”). The 2017 Plan resulted in a realignment in workforce. The 2017 Plan was substantially completed by the end of the Company’s fiscal year ended December 31, 2017, and when combined with previous workforce reductions in the second quarter of Fiscal 2017 reduced the Company’s workforce to approximately 81 employees at December 31, 2017.

On November 17, 2017, HCP-FVA, LLC (the “Lender” or "HCP-FVA") provided a commitment letter to the Company agreeing to finance up to $3 million to the Company (the “Commitment”) on the terms, and subject to the conditions, set forth in the Commitment letter. As part of that Commitment, on November 17, 2017, the Company entered into a Loan and Security Agreement (the “Loan Agreement”) with Lender and certain other loan parties named therein, pursuant to which the Lender made a short term loan to the Company in the principal amount of $500,000 (the “Short Term Loan”).

On February 23, 2018, the Company closed on the Commitment and the Lender subscribed for the full $3 million of Units in the Commitment by payment of $2.5 million in cash and the conversion of the $500,000 Short Term Loan. The $3 million term loan has an interest rate of prime plus 0.75% and a maturity date of June 30, 2021. The Lender is an affiliate of Hale Capital Partners, LP (together, "Hale Capital") and the Company's largest shareholder through its ownership of Series A redeemable preferred stock ("Series A Preferred Stock"), and an affiliate of Martin Hale, a Director of the Company. As part of the Commitment, Hale Capital also agreed to postpone the date of the optional redemption of the Series A Preferred Stock from August 5, 2017 to July 30, 2021, and to waive prior breaches of the terms of the Series A Preferred Stock which had triggered a redemption right. See Note (9) Notes Payable and Stock Warrants for further information.

We believe that our cash flows from operations and existing cash on hand are sufficient to conduct our planned operations and meet our contractual requirements.

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

(d) Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with Generally Accepted Accounting Principals ("GAAP") requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. The Company’s significant estimates include those related to revenue recognition, accounts receivable allowances, share-based payment compensation, valuation of derivatives, capitalizable software development costs, valuation of goodwill and other intangible assets and income taxes. During the first quarter of 2018, the Company also had significant estimates in the determination of the fair value of Series A Preferred Stock, notes payable and warrants issued. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

The financial market volatility in many countries where the Company operates has impacted and may continue to impact the Company’s business. Such conditions could have a material impact on the Company’s significant accounting estimates discussed above.

(e) Unaudited Interim Financial Information

The accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Certain information and note disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations relating to interim financial statements.

In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, necessary to present fairly the financial position of the Company at September 30, 2018, and the results of its operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017. The results of operations of any interim period are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations to be expected for the full fiscal year. These condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes set forth in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 ("2017 Form 10-K").

(f) Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

Revenue from Contracts with Customers

In May 2014, the FASB ("Financial Accounting Standards Board") issued new guidance which requires an entity to recognize the amount of revenue to which it expects to be entitled for the transfer of promised goods or services to customers. This new guidance replaces most existing revenue recognition guidance in GAAP in the United States and requires entities to recognize revenue when control of the promised goods or services is transferred to customers at an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. In addition, the standard requires disclosure of the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. We adopted the new guidance as of January 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective transition method applied to those contracts which were not completed as of January 1, 2018. Results for reporting periods beginning after January 1, 2018 are presented under Topic 606, while prior period amounts are not adjusted and continue to be reported in accordance with our historic accounting under previous revenue guidance.

The most significant impact of the standard relates to our accounting for our term license revenue. Specifically, for Freestor software subscription licenses, revenue is now recognized at the time of delivery rather than ratably over the subscription period.

The adoption of the standard resulted in an increase to the opening balance of accumulated deficit of $8.9 million, related to the cumulative effect of a decrease in deferred revenue of $5.4 million, an increase in contract assets of $3.1 million from the upfront recognition of term licenses and the general requirement to allocate the transaction price on a relative stand-alone selling price, and an increase of $0.4 million in prepaid expenses and other current assets.

Following is a summary of the impact to the Company’s current financial results from adopting the new revenue recognition standard:



Statements of Operations	Under Previous Guidance			New Revenue Standard Adjustment			Under Current Accounting Guidance
Three Months Ended September 30, 2018
Product revenue	$	1,587,748		$	(579,833	)	$	1,007,915
Support and services revenue	3,052,246			—			3,052,246
Selling and marketing	1,132,675			11,596			1,144,271
Income tax expense (benefit)	(96,858		)	—			(96,858		)
Net income (loss)	259,000			(591,429		)	(332,429		)
Net loss attributable to common stockholders	(95,015		)	(591,429		)	(686,444		)
Basic net income (loss) per share attributable to common stockholders	—			(0.01		)	(0.01		)
Diluted net income (loss) per share attributable to common stockholders	—			(0.01		)	(0.01		)



Statements of Operations	Under Previous Guidance			New Revenue Standard Adjustment			Under Current Accounting Guidance
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
Product revenue	$	5,662,884		$	(1,737,380	)	$	3,925,504
Support and services revenue	9,140,187			—			9,140,187
Selling and marketing	3,201,380			8,550			3,209,930
Provision for income taxes	(33,868		)	—			(33,868		)
Net income (loss)	916,274			(1,745,930		)	(829,656		)
Net loss attributable to common stockholders	(2,280,663		)	(1,745,930		)	(4,026,593		)
Basic net loss per share attributable to common stockholders	(0.03		)	(0.02		)	(0.05		)
Diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders	(0.03		)	(0.02		)	(0.05		)



Balance Sheets	Under Previous Guidance			New Revenue Standard Adjustment			Under Current Accounting Guidance
September 30, 2018
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	$	1,130,598		$	405,250		$	1,535,848
Contract assets, net, current	—			1,178,851			1,178,851
Contract assets, net, long-term	—			939,930			939,930
Deferred revenue, net, current	10,481,791			(3,622,199		)	6,859,592
Deferred tax liabilities, net	85,559			—			85,559
Deferred revenue, net, long-term	3,751,315			(1,038,473		)	2,712,842
Accumulated deficit	(130,014,010		)	7,184,703			(122,829,307		)

Adoption of the revenue recognition standard had no impact to cash from or used in operating, financing, or investing on our condensed consolidated statements of cash flows.

See Note (2) Summary of Significant Accounting Policies for further details.

Statements of Cash Flows

In August 2016, the FASB issued new guidance on presentation and classification of eight specific items within the statement of cash flows, including (i) debt prepayment or debt extinguishment costs, (ii) settlement of zero-coupon debt instruments or other debt instruments with coupon rates that are insignificant in relation to the effective interest rate of the borrowing, (iii) contingent

consideration payments made after a business combination, (iv) proceeds from the settlement of insurance claims, (v) proceeds from the settlement of corporate-owned life insurance policies, including bank-owned life insurance policies, (vi) distributions received from equity method investees, (vii) beneficial interests in securitization transactions, and (viii) separately identifiable cash flows and application of the predominance principle. The Company has adopted this guidance and it did not have a significant impact on the Company's financial statements and related disclosures.

Employee Benefit Plans

In March 2017, the FASB issued new guidance on retirement benefits, which requires employers to disaggregate the service cost component from other components of net periodic benefit costs and to disclose the amounts of net periodic benefit costs that are included in each income statement line item. The standard requires employers to report the service cost component in the same line item as other compensation costs and to report the other components of net periodic benefit costs (which include interest costs, expected return on plan assets, amortization of prior service cost or credits and actuarial gains and losses) separately and outside a subtotal of operating income. The income statement guidance requires application on a retrospective basis. This update is effective for public entities for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods, with early adoption permitted, which for the Company is the annual period ending December 31, 2018. The Company has adopted this guidance and it did not have a significant impact on the Company's financial statements and related disclosures.

Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities

In January 2016, the FASB issued new guidance on the recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of financial assets and financial liabilities. The standard (i) requires an entity to measure equity investments, except those accounted for under the equity method of accounting or those that result in consolidation of the investee, at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net income, (ii) simplifies the impairment assessment of equity investments without readily determinable fair values by requiring an entity to perform a qualitative assessment to identify impairment, (iii) changes certain presentation and disclosure requirements related to financial assets and financial liabilities, and (iv) clarifies that an entity should evaluate the need for a valuation allowance on a deferred tax asset related to available-for-sale securities in combination with the entity's other deferred tax assets. The Company has adopted this guidance and it did not have a significant impact on the Company's financial statements and related disclosures.

(g) Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-10 Leases (Topic 842),Codification Improvements and ASU 2018-11 Leases (Topic 842), Targeted Improvements, to provide additional guidance for the adoption of Topic 842. ASU 2018-10 clarifies certain provisions and correct unintended applications of the guidance such as the application of implicit rate, lessee reassessment of lease classification, and certain transition adjustments that should be recognized to earnings rather than to stockholders' equity. ASU 2018-11 provides an alternative transition method and practical expedient for separating contract components for the adoption of Topic 842. In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02 Leases (Topic 842) which requires an entity to recognize assets and liabilities arising from a lease for both financing and operating leases with terms greater than 12 months. ASU 2018-11, ASU 2018-10, and ASU 2016-02 (collectively, "the new lease standards") are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the effect the new lease standards will have on its Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements; however, the Company anticipates recognizing assets and liabilities arising from any leases that meet the requirements under the new lease standards on the adoption date and including qualitative and quantitative disclosures in the Company’s Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-09, Codification Improvements. The amendments in ASU 2018-09 affect a wide variety of Topics in the FASB Codification and apply to all reporting entities within the scope of the affected accounting guidance. The Company has evaluated ASU 2018-09 in its entirety and determined that the amendments related to Topic 718-740, Compensation-Stock Compensation-Income Taxes, are the only provisions that currently apply to the Company. The amendments in ASU 2018-09 related to Topic 718-740, Compensation-Stock Compensation-Income Taxes, clarify that an entity should recognize excess tax benefits related to stock compensation transactions in the period in which the amount of the deduction is determined. The amendments in ASU 2018-09 related to Topic 718-740 are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted. The Company does not expect the adoption of the new standard to have a material impact on the Company's Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-07, Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting, to expand the scope of Topic 718 to include share-based payment transactions for acquiring goods and services from nonemployees and supersedes the guidance in Subtopic 505-50, Equity - Equity-Based Payments to Non-Employees. Under ASU 2018-07, equity-classified nonemployee share-based payment awards are measured at

the grant date fair value on the grant date. The probability of satisfying performance conditions must be considered for equity-classified nonemployee share-based payment awards with such conditions. ASU 2018-07 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the new standard on the Company's Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-02, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income, which provides entities the option to reclassify tax effects stranded in accumulated other comprehensive income as a result of the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“the Tax Act”) to retained earnings. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted. The Company does not expect the adoption of this accounting standard to have a material impact on our financial position, results of operations, cash flows, or presentation thereof.

(2) Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

The Company's significant accounting policies were described in Note (1) Summary of Significant Accounting Policies of the 2017 Form 10-K. There have been no significant changes in the Company's significant accounting policies since December 31, 2017, other than those noted below. For a description of the Company's other significant accounting policies refer to the 2017 Form 10-K.

Revenue from Contracts with Customers and Associated Balances

Nature of Products and Services

Licenses for on-premises software provide the customer with a right to use the software as it exists when made available to the customer. Customers may purchase perpetual licenses or subscribe to licenses, which provide customers with the same functionality and differ mainly in the duration over which the customer benefits from the software. Revenue from distinct on-premises licenses is recognized upfront at the point in time when the software is made available to the customer. Revenue allocated to software maintenance and support services is recognized ratably over the contractual support period.

Hardware products consist primarily of servers and associated components and function independently of the software products and as such as accounted for as separate performance obligations. Revenue allocated to hardware maintenance and support services is recognized ratably over the contractual support period.

Professional services are primarily related to software implementation services and associated revenue is recognized upon customer acceptance.

Contract Balances

Timing of revenue recognition may differ from the timing of invoicing to customers. The Company records a contract asset or receivable when revenue is recognized prior to invoicing, or unearned revenue when revenue is recognized subsequent to invoicing. For perpetual licenses with multi-year product maintenance agreements, the Company generally invoices customers at the beginning of the coverage period. For multi-year subscription licenses, the Company generally invoices customers annually at the beginning of each annual coverage period. The Company records a contract asset related to revenue recognized for multi-year on-premises licenses as its right to payment is conditioned upon providing product support and services in future years.

The opening balance of accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts, was $4.2 million as of January 1, 2018. There was no adjustment needed to accounts receivable for the cumulative effect of applying ASC 606 under the modified retrospective method. The opening balance of short and long-term contract assets, net of allowance for doubtful accounts, and adjusted for the cumulative effect of applying ASC 606 under the modified retrospective method, was $3.1 million as of January 1, 2018.

As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts, was $1.6 million and $4.2 million, respectively. As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, short and long-term contract assets, net of allowance for doubtful accounts, was $2.1 million and $0.0 million, respectively.

The allowances for doubtful accounts reflect the Company’s best estimates of probable losses inherent in the accounts receivable and contract assets’ balances. The Company determines the allowances based on known troubled accounts, historical experience, and other currently available evidence. Write-offs in the accounts receivable and contract assets allowance accounts for the three months ended September 30, 2018 were $0.0 million and $0.0 million, respectively. Write-offs in the accounts

receivable and contract assets allowance accounts for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 were $0.4 million and $0.0 million, respectively.

Deferred revenue is comprised mainly of unearned revenue related maintenance and technical support on term and perpetual licenses. Maintenance and technical support revenue is recognized ratably over the coverage period. Deferred revenue also includes contracts for professional services to be performed in the future which are recognized as revenue when the company delivers the related service pursuant to the terms of the customer arrangement.

Changes in deferred revenue were as follows:



Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
Balance at December 31, 2017	$	18,360,690
Cumulative effect of applying ASC 606 under the modified retrospective method*	(5,359,579		)
Deferral of revenue	9,684,556
Recognition of revenue	(13,065,691		)
Change in reserves	(47,542		)
Balance at September 30, 2018	$	9,572,434

*See Note (1) Basis of Presentation to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for further information.

Deferred revenue includes invoiced revenue allocated to remaining performance obligations that has not yet been recognized and will be recognized as revenue in future periods. Deferred revenue was $9.6 million as of September 30, 2018, of which the Company expects to recognize approximately 72% of the revenue over the next 12 months and the remainder thereafter.

Payment terms and conditions vary by contract type, although terms generally include a requirement of payment within 30 to 90 days. In instances where the timing of revenue recognition differs from the timing of invoicing, the Company has determined its contracts generally do not include a significant financing component. The primary purpose of the Company’s invoicing terms is to provide customers with simplified and predictable ways of purchasing its products and services, not to receive financing from our customers or to provide customers with financing. Examples include invoicing at the beginning of a subscription term with maintenance and support revenue recognized ratably over the contract period, and multi-year on-premises licenses that are invoiced annually with product revenue recognized upon delivery.

Significant Judgments

The Company’s contracts with customers often include promises to transfer multiple products and services to a customer. Determining whether products and services are considered distinct performance obligations that should be accounted for separately versus together may require significant judgment.

Judgment is required to determine the standalone selling price (“SSP”) for each distinct performance obligation. For products and services aside from maintenance and support, the Company estimates SSP by adjusting the list price by historical discount percentages. SSP for software and hardware maintenance and support fees is based on the stated percentages of the fees charged for the respective products.

The Company’s perpetual and term software licenses have significant standalone functionality and therefore revenue allocated to these performance obligations are recognized at a point in time upon electronic delivery of the download link and the license keys.

Product maintenance and support services are satisfied over time as they are stand-ready obligations throughout the support period. As a result, revenues associated with maintenance services are deferred and recognized as revenue ratably over the term of the contract.

Revenues associated with professional services are recognized at a point in time upon customer acceptance.

Assets Recognized from Costs to Obtain a Contract with a Customer

The Company recognizes an asset for the incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a customer if it expects the benefit of those costs to be longer than one year. The Company has determined that its sales commission program meets the requirements for cost capitalization. Total capitalized costs to obtain a contract were immaterial during the periods presented and are included

in other current and long-term assets on our consolidated balance sheets. The Company applies a practical expedient to expense costs as incurred for costs to obtain a contract with a customer when the amortization period would have been one year or less.

(3) Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share ("EPS") is computed based on the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding. Diluted EPS is computed based on the weighted average number of common shares outstanding increased by dilutive common stock equivalents, attributable to stock option awards, restricted stock awards, warrants and the Series A Preferred Stock outstanding.

The following represents the common stock equivalents that were excluded from the computation of diluted shares outstanding because their effect would have been anti-dilutive for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017:



	Three Months Ended September 30,		Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018	2017	2018	2017
Stock options, warrants and restricted stock	370,117,830	2,309,950	370,117,830	2,786,418
Series A redeemable convertible preferred stock	8,781,516	8,781,516	8,781,516	8,781,516
Total anti-dilutive common stock equivalents	378,899,346	11,091,466	378,899,346	11,567,934

The following represents a reconciliation of the numerators and denominators of the basic and diluted EPS computation:



	Three Months Ended September 30,					Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018			2017		2018			2017
Numerator
Net income (loss)	$	(332,429	)	$	1,429,173	$	(829,656	)	$	(322,825	)
Effects of Series A redeemable convertible preferred stock:
Less: Series A redeemable convertible preferred stock dividends	229,022			215,000		687,152			634,664
Less: Deemed dividend on Series A redeemable convertible preferred stock	—			—		2,269,042			—
Less: Accretion to redemption value of Series A redeemable convertible preferred stock	124,993			—		240,743			—
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders	$	(686,444	)	$	1,214,173	$	(4,026,593	)	$	(957,489	)
Denominator
Weighted average basic shares outstanding	97,935,348			44,552,892		75,844,719			44,362,367
Effect of dilutive securities:
Stock options, warrants and restricted stock	—			901,468		—			—
Series A redeemable convertible preferred stock	—			8,781,516		—			—
Weighted average diluted shares outstanding	97,935,348			54,235,876		75,844,719			44,362,367

EPS
Basic net income (loss) per share attributable to common stockholders	$	(0.01	)	$	0.03	$	(0.05	)	$	(0.02	)
Diluted net income (loss) per share attributable to common stockholders	$	(0.01	)	$	0.02	$	(0.05	)	$	(0.02	)

(4) Property and Equipment

The gross carrying amount and accumulated depreciation of property and equipment as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 are as follows:



	September 30, 2018			December 31, 2017
Gross carrying amount	$	18,580,596		$	18,563,071
Accumulated depreciation	(18,137,451		)	(17,926,959		)
Property and Equipment, net	$	443,145		$	636,112

For the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, depreciation expense was $77,697 and $107,813, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, depreciation expense was $236,007 and $429,567, respectively.

(5) Software Development Costs

The gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization of software development costs as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 are as follows:



	September 30, 2018			December 31, 2017
Gross carrying amount	$	2,950,134		$	2,917,215
Accumulated amortization	(2,813,625		)	(2,637,801		)
Software development costs, net	$	136,509		$	279,414

During the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, the Company recorded $58,608 and $58,608, respectively, of amortization expense related to capitalized software costs. During the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, the Company recorded $175,824 and $209,536, respectively, of amortization expense related to capitalized software costs.

(6) Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

The gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization of goodwill and other intangible assets as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 are as follows:



	September 30, 2018			December 31, 2017
Goodwill	$	4,150,339		$	4,150,339
Other intangible assets:
Gross carrying amount	$	3,879,547		$	3,816,402
Accumulated amortization	(3,774,172		)	(3,674,771		)
Net carrying amount	$	105,375		$	141,631

For the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, amortization expense was $28,581 and $40,533, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, amortization expense was $99,401 and $121,306, respectively.

(7) Share-Based Payment Arrangements

On June 22, 2018, the Company's stockholders adopted the FalconStor Software, Inc. 2018 Incentive Stock Plan (the "2018 Plan"). The 2018 Plan is administered by the Compensation Committee and provides for the issuance of up to 147,199,698 shares of the Company's common stock upon the grant of shares with such restrictions as determined by the Compensation Committee to the employees and directors of, and consultants providing services to, the Company or its affiliates. Exercise prices of the options will be determined by the Compensation Committee, subject to the consent of Hale Capital. The vesting terms shall be performance based and determined by the Committee, subject to the consent of Hale Capital, based on various factors, including (i) the return of capital to the holders of the Series A Preferred Stock and the Company’s Common Stock in the event of a Change of Control, (ii) the repayment of the Company’s obligations under its senior secured debt, and (iii) the Company’s free cash flow. Seventy percent (70%) of the Shares issuable under the 2018 Plan shall be granted as stock options. The remaining thirty percent (30%) of the shares subject to the Plan plus any returned shares will be reserved for future grants of awards to new hires.

The 2016 Incentive Stock Plan (the "2016 Plan") was terminated in April 2018.

The following table summarizes the 2018 Plan, which was the only plan under which the Company was able to grant equity compensation as of September 30, 2018:



	Shares	Shares Available	Shares
Name of Plan	Authorized	for Grant	Outstanding
FalconStor Software, Inc. 2018 Incentive Stock Plan	147,199,698	147,199,698	—

The following table summarizes the Company’s equity plans that have terminated or expired but that still have equity awards outstanding as of September 30, 2018:



Name of Plan	Shares Available for Grant	Shares Outstanding
FalconStor Software, Inc., 2016 Incentive Stock Plan	—	505,000
FalconStor Software, Inc., 2006 Incentive Stock Plan	—	1,074,700
FalconStor Software, Inc., 2000 Stock Option Plan	—	4,500

Related to the 2016 Plan, many share-based compensation awards were forfeited and the related expense reversed accordingly, resulting in negative expense in the period. The following table summarizes the share-based compensation expense for all awards issued under the Company’s stock equity plans in the following line items in the condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017:



	Three Months Ended September 30,					Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018		2017			2018			2017
Cost of revenue - Support and Service	6,314		(9,752		)	19,889			55,533
Research and development costs	17,883		28,382			59,233			212,910
Selling and marketing	3,579		(23,560		)	16,036			40,178
General and administrative	1,248		(255,647		)	(59,510		)	(26,629		)
	$	29,024	$	(260,577	)	$	35,648		$	281,992

(8) Income Taxes

The Company’s provision for income taxes consists principally of state and local, and foreign taxes, as applicable, in amounts necessary to align the Company’s year-to-date tax provision with the effective rate that it expects to achieve for the full year.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company recorded an income tax provision of $(33,868). The effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 was 3.9%. The effective tax rate differs from the statutory rate of 21% primarily related to the mix of foreign and domestic earnings as no tax expense or benefit is being recognized on domestic earnings or losses. During the quarter ended September 30, 2018, the Company recorded an income tax benefit of $0.1 million related to the reversal of uncertain tax positions. As of September 30, 2018, the Company’s conclusion did not change with respect to the realizability of its domestic deferred tax assets and therefore, the Company has not recorded any income tax expense as such amounts are fully offset with a valuation allowance.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company recorded an income tax provision of $207,352. The effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 was (179.6%). The effective tax rate differs from the statutory rate of 35% primarily related to the mix of foreign and domestic earnings as no tax expense or benefit is being recognized on domestic earnings or losses.

The Company’s total unrecognized tax benefits, excluding interest, at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 were $137,927 and 180,202, respectively. As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company had $61,242 and $82,508, respectively, of accrued interest.

On December 22, 2017 the SEC staff issued Staff Accounting Bulletin (“SAB”) No. 118, which provides guidance on accounting for the tax effects of 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act ("TCJA"). The purpose of SAB No. 118 was to address any uncertainty or diversity of view in applying ASC Topic 740, Income Taxes in the reporting period in which the TCJA was enacted. SAB No. 118 addresses situations where the accounting is incomplete for certain income tax effects of the TJCA upon issuance of a company’s financial statements for the reporting period that includes the enactment date. SAB No. 118 allows for a provisional amount to be recorded if it is a reasonable estimate of the impact of the TCJA. Additionally, SAB No. 118 allows for a measurement period to finalize the impacts of the TCJA, not to extend beyond one year from the date of enactment.

The Company’s accounting for certain elements of the TCJA was incomplete as of the period ended December 31, 2017, and remains incomplete as of September 30, 2018. However, the Company was able to make reasonable estimates of the effects and, therefore, recorded provisional estimates for these items at December 31, 2017 and June 30, 2018.

(9) Notes Payable and Stock Warrants

As previously disclosed in the Company’s filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, the Company was actively seeking financing in order to meet the Company’s operating cash flow needs.

On November 17, 2017, HCP-FVA provided the Commitment, whereby it agreed to finance up to $3 million to the Company on the terms, and subject to the conditions, set forth in the Commitment letter. As part of the commitment, on November 17, 2017, the Company entered into a Loan Agreement with Lender and certain other loan parties named therein, pursuant to which the Lender made a Short Term Loan to the Company in the principal amount of $500,000. Pursuant to the Short Term Loan, HCP-FVA received warrants to purchase13,859,128 shares of the Company's common stock at a nominal exercise price ("Backstop Warrants").

The Short Term Loan was secured by all of the assets of the Company and guaranteed by each of the Company’s domestic subsidiaries. The Short Term Loan bore interest at a rate equal to the prime rate plus 0.75%. The Short Term Loan was due and payable on May 17, 2018, unless prepaid or satisfied through the issuance by the Company of Units (as defined below) in a proposed private placement (the "Financing") offered to certain eligible stockholders who were stockholders of the Company on November 17, 2017, as described below.

On February 23, 2018, the Company closed on the Commitment from HCP-FVA to purchase up to $3 million of Units. HCP-FVA subscribed for the full $3 million of Units (at the Company’s election) in the Commitment by payment of $2.5 million in cash and the conversion of the $500,000 Short-Term Loan into Units. In consideration for HCP-FVA’s subscription of 3 million of Units, HCP-FVA was issued Financing Warrants (as hereinafter defined) to purchase 366,990,000 shares of the Company’s common stock for a nominal exercise price.

In the Financing, the Company agreed to offer FalconStor stockholders as of November 17, 2017 who were accredited investors the opportunity to purchase up to a total of 40 million Units (inclusive of subscriptions by HCP-FVA). Each Unit had a purchase price of $0.371063 and consisted of the following (each, a “Unit”):


i.	$0.10 in senior secured debt (for a total of $4 million of senior secured debt assuming full subscription of the Financing), secured by all of the assets of the Company and guaranteed by each of the Company’s domestic subsidiaries, having an interest rate of prime plus 0.75% and a maturity date of June 30, 2021 (the “Term Loan”);


ii.	warrants to purchase 12.233 shares of the Company’s common stock for a nominal exercise price (for a total of 489.32 million shares assuming full subscription of the Financing) (the “Financing Warrants”); and


iii.	0.0225 shares of Series A Preferred Stock at a per Unit price of $0.271063 (subject to increase to take into account accretion of the Series A Preferred Stock after September 30, 2018), all such shares to be acquired directly from their current holder, HCP-FVA.

The closing of the Commitment effectively constituted HCP-FVA’s purchase of 30 million Units in the Financing. As a result, the maximum additional funds that the Company could receive in the Financing was $1 million through the purchase of 10 million Units by other eligible stockholders. If other eligible stockholders subscribed for more than 10 million Units, they would purchase those additional Units consisting of senior secured debt and Series A Preferred Stock directly from HCP-FVA (with the associated Financing Warrants to be issued by the Company directly to the eligible stockholders, and HCP-FVA’s Financing Warrants associated with those additional Units sold to the eligible stockholders to be cancelled in accordance with the terms of such Financing Warrants), subject to HCP-FVA maintaining at least 25% of the total Units to be issued in the Financing. HCP-FVA also agreed to subscribe for more than its pro rata portion of the Units available for purchase in the Financing (based on common stock ownership on an as-converted basis as of November 17, 2017), and if other eligible stockholders elected to subscribe for more than their pro rata share, the remaining Units will be allocated among such stockholders (including HCP-FVA) based on their common stock ownership on an as-converted basis as of November 17, 2017 and HCP-FVA's right to purchase 25% of the total units in the Financing. In exchange for serving as the backstop for the Financing, upon the closing of the Commitment, HCP-FVA received additional Backstop Warrants to purchase 41,577,382 shares of the Company’s common stock for a nominal exercise price, in addition to the 13,859,128 Backstop Warrants issued to HCP-FVA in connection with the making of the Short Term Loan.

On February 23, 2018, in connection with HCP-FVA’s subscription in the Financing, the Company entered into an Amended and Restated Term Loan Credit Agreement, dated as of the same date (the “Amended and Restated Loan Agreement”), with HCP-FVA and certain other loan parties named therein setting forth the terms of the Term Loan. The Amended and Restated Loan Agreement amended and restated the Loan Agreement.

Under the Amended and Restated Loan Agreement, in the event the Term Loan is prepaid for any reason, such prepayment will be subject to the payment of a premium in an amount equal to 5% of the principal amount prepaid. The Term Loan is required to be prepaid upon the occurrence of certain events, including but not limited to certain asset dispositions, the incurrence of additional indebtedness, the receipt of insurance proceeds, and a change of control, subject to certain exceptions.

The Amended and Restated Loan Agreement has customary representations, warranties and affirmative and negative covenants. The negative covenants include financial covenants by the Company to (i) maintain minimum cash denominated in U.S. dollars plus accounts receivable outstanding for less than 90 days of $2 million, and (ii) until the consummation of the Financing with eligible stockholders (other than HCP-FVA), not permit a variance of more than 10% of net cash flow from the amounts set forth in a rolling weekly detailed budget through the second fiscal quarter of 2018, agreed upon at the signing of the Amended and Restated Loan Agreement. The Amended and Restated Loan Agreement also contains customary events of default, including but not limited to payment defaults, cross defaults with certain other indebtedness, breaches of covenants, bankruptcy events and a change of control. In the case of an event of default, as administrative agent under the Loan Agreement, HCP-FVA may (and upon the written request of lenders holding in excess of 50% of the Term Loan, which must include HCP-FVA, is required to accelerate payment of all obligations under the Loan Agreement, and seek other available remedies).

On April 23, 2018, HCP-FVA exercised most of its Backstop Warrants on a cash-less basis and was issued 53,370,601 shares of the Company's common stock.

The Commitment and the Financing were approved by the Company’s Board of Directors, based on a recommendation of a special committee of independent directors, with Mr. Hale recusing himself.

On October 9, 2018, FalconStor closed on the final tranche of its private placement offering of Units to certain eligible stockholders of the Company. For further information, refer to Note (18) Subsequent Events, to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

During the fiscal year-ended December 31, 2017 and nine months ended September 30, 2018, FalconStor was unable to make its Series A Preferred Stock quarterly dividend payments, and was subject to mandatory redemption under the Series A Preferred Stock purchase agreement. In conjunction with the Commitment, Hale Capital agreed to postpone the date of the mandatory redemption of the Series A Preferred Stock from August 5, 2017 to July 30, 2021, and to waive prior breaches of the terms of the Series A Preferred Stock which had also triggered a mandatory redemption right (“Series A Mandatory Redemption Extension”). Accordingly, as a result of these changes, for accounting purposes, the Series A Preferred Stock is considered new Series A Preferred Stock.

As a result, the Company assessed whether the transaction was a troubled debt restructuring. Although the Company meets the criteria of a debtor experiencing financial difficulties as described above in Accounting Standards Code ("ASC") 470-60-55-8, Hale Capital was not granted a concession as defined in ASC 470-60-55-10 as the effective interest rate for both the Series A Preferred Stock and the Original Loan was higher following the restructuring of Series A Preferred Stock and Long-Term Debt

compared to the interest rate immediately before the restructuring. Since no concession was granted, Troubled Debt Restructuring accounting guidance does not apply.

As part of the analysis, the present value of the cash flows under the terms of the new Series A Preferred Stock and loans are greater than 10% different than the present value of the old Series A Preferred Stock and loans cash flows, as such extinguishment treatment applies.

There is no beneficial conversion feature associated with the revised Series A Preferred Stock.

When preferred stock is extinguished, the issuer should include the gain or loss on extinguishment in its net income attributable to common shareholders used to calculate earnings per share, as described in ASC 260-10-S99-2.

When multiple instruments are issued in a single transaction, the total proceeds from the transaction should be allocated among the individual freestanding instruments identified. Since Hale Capital held all of the debt and Series A Preferred Stock, the restructuring is considered to be a capital transaction as of September 30, 2018. As such the gain or loss is recorded in equity.

ASC 470-20-25-2 requires that debt or stock with detachable warrants issued in a bundled transaction with debt and equity proceeds be accounted for separately, based on the relative fair values of each instrument. The proceeds allocated to the Backstop Warrants and Financing Warrants are valued at $4,143,000.

Derivative treatment does not apply to the warrants issued in association with the restructuring based upon the warrants being penny warrants (pre-paid stock).

Warrants should be considered outstanding in earnings per share calculation if the Company is profitable to common shareholders; otherwise, warrants should be excluded as the effect would be antidilutive.

At the time of the grant, the Company had insufficient shares outstanding to accommodate the exercise of the Financing Warrants granted as detailed in the Background section above. ASC 480 "Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity" is referenced below to determine whether such warrants need to be recorded as liabilities or equity.

Warrant grants that do not have associated outstanding common shares, will be recorded as liabilities as the Company would be required to settle such obligations using cash settlement (deficient by 368,533,620 shares). Changes in the fair value of the liability from period to period should be reflected within earnings. On June 22, 2018, the Company filed a certificate of amendment to the Company’s Restated Certificate of Incorporation to increase the authorized shares of common stock to 800,000,000. As a result, the fair value of these warrants have been reclassified to equity. The warrants contain standard antidilution language; therefore, they do not prevent a freestanding instrument from being considered indexed to the issuer’s own stock.

The initial transaction was recorded as follows:



At Inception	February 23, 2018
	Basis		Fair Value
Series A redeemable convertible preferred stock, net	$	10,312,113	$	8,709,684
Notes payable, net	2,728,778		2,457,249
Warrant liability	—		4,143,000
Total	$	13,040,891	$	15,309,933



Deemed dividend	$	2,269,042

The Series A Preferred Stock consists of the following:



Series A redeemable convertible preferred stock principal balance	$	9,000,000
Accrued dividends	1,312,112
Discount	(1,602,428		)
Total Series A redeemable convertible preferred stock, net at inception on February 23, 2018	8,709,684
Accrued dividends	445,887
Accretion of preferred stock	238,841
Total Series A redeemable convertible preferred stock, net at September 30, 2018	$	9,394,412

The notes payable balance consists of the following:



Notes payable principal balance	$	3,000,000
Deferred issuance costs	(254,247		)
Discount	(288,504		)
Total notes payable, net at inception on February 23, 2018	2,457,249
Accretion of discount	103,372
Deferred issuance costs	(30,609		)
Total notes payable, net at September 30, 2018	$	2,530,012

(10) Fair Value Measurements

The Company measures its cash equivalents and derivative instruments at fair value. Fair value is an exit price, representing the amount that would be received on the sale of an asset or that would be paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. As a basis for considering such assumptions, the Company utilizes a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in the valuation methodologies in measuring fair value.

The methodology for measuring fair value specifies a hierarchy of valuation techniques based upon whether the inputs to those valuation techniques reflect assumptions other market participants would use based upon market data obtained from independent sources (observable inputs) or reflect the Company’s own assumptions of market participant valuation (unobservable inputs). As a result, observable and unobservable inputs have created the following fair value hierarchy:

•

Level 1 – Quoted prices in active markets that are unadjusted and accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities. At September 30, 2018, the Company did not have any Level 1 category assets included in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. At December 31, 2017, the Level 1 category included money market funds, which are included within cash and cash equivalents in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

•

Level 2 – Quoted prices for identical assets and liabilities in markets that are not active, quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets or financial instruments for which significant inputs are observable, either directly or indirectly. At September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company did not have any Level 2 category assets included in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

•

Level 3 – Prices or valuations that require inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable. At September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Level 3 category included derivatives, which are included within other long-term liabilities in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The Company did not hold any cash and cash equivalents categorized as Level 3 as of September 30, 2018 or December 31, 2017.

The following table presents the Company’s assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis at September 30, 2018:



			Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using
	Total		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant other Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Derivative liabilities:
Derivative Instruments	498,086		—		—		498,086
Total derivative liabilities	498,086		—		—		498,086

Total assets and liabilities measured at fair value	$	498,086	$	—	$	—	$	498,086

The following table presents the Company’s assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis at December 31, 2017:



			Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using
	Total		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant other Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Derivative liabilities:
Derivative Instruments	445,838		—		—		445,838
Total derivative liabilities	445,838		—		—		445,838

Total assets and liabilities measured at fair value	$	445,838	$	—	$	—	$	445,838

The fair value of the Company’s derivatives were valued using the Black-Scholes pricing model adjusted for probability assumptions, with all significant inputs, except for the probability and volatility assumptions, derived from or corroborated by observable market data such as stock price and interest rates. The probability and volatility assumptions are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable. These embedded derivatives are included in Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.

The fair value of the Company's Series A Preferred Stock is based on its future cash flows discounted at a 15% yield. The fair value of the Company's note payable is based on its future cash flows discounted at 12%. The fair value of the Backstop Warrants and Financing Warrants to purchase approximately 422 million shares of the Company's common stock, was based on the enterprise value of the Company calculated by a third party appraiser less the preferred stock and preferred stock accrued dividends that have a preference over common shares. These warrants were then valued based on a Black Scholes value using volatility of 60% and resulted in a fair value of approximately $0.01 per share.

The following table presents a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of the Company's liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017:



	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018		2017		2018		2017
Beginning Balance	$	482,871	$	419,560	$	445,838	$	336,862
Total loss recognized in earnings	15,215		5,076		52,248		87,774
Ending Balance	$	498,086	$	424,636	$	498,086	$	424,636

(11) Commitments and Contingencies

The Company’s headquarters are located in Austin, Texas. The Company has an operating lease covering its Melville, N.Y. office facility that expires in April 2021. The Company has sublet a portion of this lease. The Company also has several additional operating leases related to offices in foreign countries. The expiration dates for these leases range from 2018 through 2021. The following is a schedule of future minimum lease payments for all operating leases as of September 30, 2018:



	Payments		Sublease Income			Net Commitments
2018	508,144		(107,048		)	401,096
2019	1,756,507		(428,194		)	1,328,313
2020	1,567,637		(428,194		)	1,139,443
2021	491,020		(142,731		)	348,289
Thereafter	—		—			—
	$	4,323,308	$	(1,106,167	)	$	3,217,141

The Company typically provides its customers a warranty on its software products for a period of no more than 90 days. Such warranties are accounted for in accordance with the authoritative guidance issued by the FASB on contingencies. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company has not incurred any costs related to warranty obligations.

Under the terms of substantially all of its software license agreements, the Company indemnifies its customers for all costs and damages arising from claims against such customers based on, among other things, allegations that the Company’s software infringes on the intellectual property rights of a third party. In most cases, in the event of an infringement claim, the Company retains the right to (i) procure for the customer the right to continue using the software; (ii) replace or modify the software to eliminate the infringement while providing substantially equivalent functionality; or (iii) if neither (i) nor (ii) can be reasonably achieved, the Company may terminate the license agreement and refund to the customer a pro-rata portion of the license fee paid to the Company. Such indemnification provisions are accounted for in accordance with the authoritative guidance issued by the FASB on guarantees. From time to time, in the ordinary course of business, the Company receives claims for indemnification, typically from OEMs. The Company is not currently aware of any material claims for indemnification.

As described under Note 12, the holders of the Series A Preferred Stock have redemption rights upon certain triggering events. As of September 30, 2018, the Company did not fail any non-financial covenants related to the Company's Series A Preferred Stock.

As of August 14, 2017, the Board appointed Todd Brooks as Chief Executive Officer effective August 14, 2017.

In connection with Mr. Brooks’ appointment as Chief Executive Officer, the Board approved an offer letter to Mr. Brooks (the “Brooks Agreement”), which was executed on August 14, 2017. The Brooks Offer Letter provides that Mr. Brooks is entitled to receive an annualized base salary of $350,000, payable in regular installments in accordance with the Company’s general payroll practices. Mr. Brooks will also be eligible for a cash bonus of $17,500 for any quarter that is free cash flow positive on an operating basis and additional incentive compensation of an annual bonus of up to $200,000, subject to attainment of performance objectives to be mutually agreed upon and established. Pursuant to the Brooks Agreement, the Company created the 2018 Plan, which was adopted by the Company's stockholders on June 22, 2018. The 2018 Plan provides for the issuance of up to 147,199,698 shares which is based on up to 15% of the equity of the Company on a fully diluted basis, plus potentially two additional tranches of 2.5% of the equity of the Company on a fully diluted basis. Mr. Brooks’ employment can be terminated at will. If Mr. Brooks’ employment is terminated by the Company other than for cause he is entitled to receive severance equal to twelve (12) months of his base salary if (i) he has been employed by the Company for at least twelve (12) months at the time of termination or (ii) a change of control has occurred within six (6) months of Mr. Brooks’ employment. Except as set forth in the preceding sentence, Mr. Brooks is entitled to receive severance equal to six (6) months of his base salary if he has been employed by the Company for less than six (6) months and his employment was terminated by the Company without cause. Mr. Brooks is also entitled to vacation and other employee benefits in accordance with the Company’s policies as well as reimbursement for an apartment.

On April 5, 2018, the Company announced the appointment of Brad Wolfe to serve as the Company’s Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer, effective April 9, 2018. Mr. Wolfe shall also assume the roles of principal financial officer and principal accounting officer of the Company.

In connection with Mr. Wolfe’s appointment as Chief Financial Officer, the Board approved an offer letter to Mr. Wolfe (the “Wolfe Offer Letter”), which was executed on April 4, 2018. The Wolfe Offer Letter provides that Mr. Wolfe is entitled to receive an annualized base salary of $240,000, payable in regular installments in accordance with the Company’s general payroll practices. Mr. Wolfe will also be eligible for a cash bonus of $10,000 for any quarter which has net working capital cash in excess of $27,500 and additional incentive compensation of an annual bonus of up to $70,000, subject to attainment of performance objectives to be mutually agreed upon and established.

As described under Note 17, the Company has incurred certain restructuring costs in connection with restructuring plans adopted in 2013 and 2017.

In addition, as of September 30, 2018, the Company's liability for uncertain tax positions totaled $199,169. At this time, the settlement period for this liability, including related accrued interest, cannot be determined.

(12) Series A Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock

The Company has 900,000 shares of Series A Preferred Stock outstanding . Pursuant to the Amended and Restated Certificate of Designations, Preferences and Rights for the Series A Preferred Stock (the ”Certificate of Designations”), each share of Series A Preferred Stock can be converted into shares of the Company’s Common Stock, at an initial conversion price equal to $1.02488 per share, subject to appropriate adjustments for any stock dividend, stock split, stock combination, reclassification or similar transaction, (i) at any time at the option of the holder or (ii) by the Company if, following the first anniversary of the issuance of the Series A Preferred Stock (subject to extension under certain circumstances), the volume weighted average trading price per share of the Company’s Common Stock for sixty (60) consecutive trading days exceeds 250% of the conversion price and continues to exceed 225% of the conversion price through the conversion date, subject at all times to the satisfaction of, and the limitations imposed by, the equity conditions set forth in the Certificate of Designations (including, without limitation, the volume limitations set forth therein).

Pursuant to the Certificate of Designations, the holders of the Series A Preferred Stock are entitled to receive quarterly dividends at the prime rate (provided in the Wall Street Journal Eastern Edition) plus 5% (up to a maximum dividend rate of 10%), payable in cash or in kind (i.e., through the issuance of additional shares of Series A Preferred Stock), except that the Company is not permitted to pay such dividends in cash while any indebtedness and the Company’s Amendment and Restated Loan Agreement remains outstanding without the consent of the holders of the Series A Preferred Stock. In addition, the declaration and payment of dividends is subject to compliance with applicable law and unpaid dividends will accrue. A holder’s right to convert its shares of Series A Preferred Stock and receive dividends in the form of Common Stock is subject to certain limitations including, among other things, that the shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion or as dividends will not, prior to receipt of stockholder approval, result in any holder beneficially owning greater than 19.99% of the Company’s currently outstanding shares of Common Stock.

The Series A Preferred dividends shall accrue whether or not the declaration or payment of such Series A Preferred dividends are prohibited by applicable law, whether or not the Company has earnings, whether or not there are funds legally available for the payment of such dividends and whether or not such dividends are authorized or declared.

Upon certain triggering events, such as bankruptcy, insolvency or a material adverse effect or failure of the Company to issue shares of Common Stock upon conversion of the Series A Preferred Stock in accordance with its obligations, the holders may require the Company to redeem all or some of the Series A Preferred Stock at a price per share equal to the greater of (i) the sum of 100% of the stated value of a share of Series A Preferred Stock plus accrued and unpaid dividends with respect thereto, and (ii) the product of the number of shares of Common Stock underlying a share of Series A Preferred Stock and the closing price as of the occurrence of the triggering event. On or after July 30, 2021, each holder of Series A Preferred Stock can also require the Company to redeem its Series A Preferred Stock in cash at a per share price equal to 100% of the stated value of a share of Series A Preferred Stock plus accrued and unpaid dividends with respect thereto. Notwithstanding the forgoing, no holder of Series A Preferred Stock is permitted to exercise any rights or remedies upon a Breach Event or to exercise any redemption rights under the Certificate of Designations, unless approved by the holders of a majority of the then outstanding shares of Series A Preferred Stock.

Upon consummation of a fundamental sale transaction, the Series A Preferred Stock shall be redeemed at a per share redemption price equal to the greater of (y) 250% of the per share purchase price of the Series A Preferred Stock and (z) the price payable in respect of such share of Series A Preferred Stock if such share of Series A Preferred Stock had been converted into such number of shares of Common Stock in accordance with the Certificate of Designations (but without giving effect to any limitations or restrictions contained therein) immediately prior to such fundamental sale transaction; provided however that the 250% threshold is changed to 100% if the fundamental sale transaction is approved by the two Series A Directors (as defined in the Certificate of

Designations). In addition, if the Company consummates an equity or debt financing that results in more than $5.0 million of net proceeds to the Company and/or its subsidiaries, the holders of Series A Preferred Stock will have the right, but not the obligation, to require the Company to use the net proceeds in excess of $5.0 million to repurchase all or a portion of the Series A Preferred Stock at a per share price equal to the greater of (i) the sum of 100% of the stated value of such share of Series A Preferred Stock plus accrued and unpaid dividends with respect thereto, and (ii) the number of shares of Common Stock into which such share of Series A Preferred Stock is then convertible multiplied by the greater of (y) the closing price of the Common Stock on the date of announcement of such financing or (z) the closing price of the Common Stock on the date of consummation of such financing.

Each holder of Series A Preferred Stock has a vote equal to the number of shares of Common Stock into which its Series A Preferred Stock would be convertible as of the record date. In addition, the holders of a majority of the Series A Preferred Stock must approve certain actions, including approving any amendments to the Company’s Charter or Bylaws that adversely affects the voting powers, preferences or other rights of the Series A Preferred Stock; payment of dividends or distributions; any liquidation, capitalization, reorganization or any other fundamental transaction of the Company; issuance of any equity security senior to or on parity with the Series A Preferred Stock as to dividend rights, redemption rights, liquidation preference and other rights; issuances of equity below the conversion price; any liens or borrowings other than non-convertible indebtedness from standard commercial lenders which does not exceed 80% of the Company’s accounts receivable; and the redemption or purchase of any of the capital stock of the Company.

The Company has classified the Series A Preferred Stock as temporary equity in the financial statements as it is subject to redemption at the option of the holder under certain circumstances. As a result of the Company’s analysis of all the embedded conversion and put features within the Series A Preferred Stock, the contingent redemption put options in the Series A Preferred Stock were determined to not be clearly and closely related to the debt-type host and also did not meet any other scope exceptions for derivative accounting. Therefore, the contingent redemption put options are being accounted for as derivative instruments and the fair value of these derivative instruments was bifurcated from the Series A Preferred Stock and recorded as a liability.

As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 the fair value of these derivative instruments was $498,086 and $445,838, respectively, and were included in "other long-term liabilities" within the consolidated balance sheets. The loss on the change in fair value of these derivative instruments for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017 of $52,248 and $87,774, respectively, were included in “interest and other loss, net” within the consolidated statement of operations.

The fair value of these derivative instruments and the loss recorded on the change in the fair value of these derivative instruments, which was included in “Interest and other income, net” within the condensed consolidated statement of operations, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, were as follows:



	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018		2017		2018		2017
Beginning Balance	$	482,871	$	419,560	$	445,838	$	336,862
Total loss recognized in earnings	15,215		5,076		52,248		87,774
Ending Balance	$	498,086	$	424,636	$	498,086	$	424,636

At the time of issuance, the Company recorded transaction costs, a beneficial conversion feature and the fair value allocated to the embedded derivatives as discounts to the Series A Preferred Stock. These costs were being accreted to the Series A Preferred Stock using the effective interest method through the stated redemption date of August 5, 2017, which represents the earliest redemption date of the instrument. This accretion was accelerated as of December 31, 2016 due to the failure of the financial covenants and the redemption right of the holders at that time. In connection with the Commitment, Hale agreed to the Series A mandatory extension and waived prior breaches of the terms of the Series A Preferred Stock. The Company included deductions for accretion, deemed and accrued dividends on the Series A Preferred Stock as adjustments to net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders on the statement of operations and in determining income (loss) per share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The following represents a reconciliation of net loss attributable to common stockholders for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively:



	Three Months Ended September 30,					Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018			2017		2018			2017
Net income (loss)	$	(332,429	)	$	1,429,173	$	(829,656	)	$	(322,825	)
Effects of Series A redeemable convertible preferred stock:
Less: Accrual of Series A redeemable convertible preferred stock dividends	229,022			215,000		687,152			634,664
Less: Deemed dividend on Series A redeemable convertible preferred stock	—			—		2,269,042			—
Less: Accretion to redemption value of Series A redeemable convertible preferred stock	124,993			—		240,743			—
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders	$	(686,444	)	$	1,214,173	$	(4,026,593	)	$	(957,489	)

(13) Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

The changes in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss, net of tax, for the three months ended September 30, 2018 are as follows:



	Foreign Currency Translation			Net Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Marketable Securities		Net Minimum Pension Liability		Total
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) at June 30, 2018	$	(1,936,229	)	$	—	$	22,097	$	(1,914,132	)
Other comprehensive income (loss)
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications	70,061			—		—		70,061
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income	—			—		—		—
Total other comprehensive income	70,061			—		—		70,061
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) at September 30, 2018	$	(1,866,168	)	$	—	$	22,097	$	(1,844,071	)

The changes in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss, net of tax, for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 are as follows:



	Foreign Currency Translation			Net Unrealized (Losses) Gains on Marketable Securities		Net Minimum Pension Liability		Total
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) at December 31, 2017	$	(1,980,940	)	$	—	$	22,097	$	(1,958,843	)
Other comprehensive income (loss)
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications	114,772			—		—		114,772
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income	—			—		—		—
Total other comprehensive income	114,772			—		—		114,772
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) at September 30, 2018	$	(1,866,168	)	$	—	$	22,097	$	(1,844,071	)

The changes in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss, net of tax, for the three months ended September 30, 2017 are as follows:



	Foreign Currency Translation			Net Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Marketable Securities		Net Minimum Pension Liability		Total
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) at June 30, 2017	$	(2,046,484	)	$	—	$	28,675	$	(2,017,809	)
Other comprehensive income (loss)
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications	104,917			—		—		104,917
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income	—			—		—		—
Total other comprehensive income	104,917			—		—		104,917
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) at September 30, 2017	$	(1,941,567	)	$	—	$	28,675	$	(1,912,892	)

The changes in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss, net of tax, for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 are as follows:



	Foreign Currency Translation			Net Unrealized (Losses) Gains on Marketable Securities		Net Minimum Pension Liability		Total
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) at December 31, 2016	$	(1,866,388	)	$	—	$	28,675	$	(1,837,713	)
Other comprehensive income (loss)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications	(75,179		)	—		—		(75,179		)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income	—			—		—		—
Total other comprehensive income (loss)	(75,179		)	—		—		(75,179		)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) at September 30, 2017	$	(1,941,567	)	$	—	$	28,675	$	(1,912,892	)

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, the amounts reclassified to net income (loss) related to the Company’s defined benefit plan and maturity of marketable securities. These amounts are included within “Operating income (loss)” within the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

(14) Stockholders' Equity

Amendments to Articles of Incorporation

On June 22, 2018, following stockholder approval, the Company filed a certificate of amendment (the “Charter Amendment”) to the Company’s Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as amended, with the Delaware Secretary of State to increase the authorized shares of common stock, $.001 par value per share, to 800,000,000 and filed an Amended and Restated Certificate of Designations, Preferences and Rights of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock (the “Amended and Restated Certificate of Designations”) with the Delaware Secretary of State to implement certain modifications to the terms of the Company’s Series A Preferred Stock.

Stock Repurchase Activity

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, the Company did not repurchase any shares of its common stock. As of September 30, 2018, the Company had the authorization under previous Board approved stock repurchase plans to repurchase 4,907,839 shares of its common stock based upon its judgment and market conditions.

(15) Litigation

In view of the inherent difficulty of predicting the outcome of litigation, particularly where the claimants seek very large or indeterminate damages, the Company generally cannot predict what the eventual outcome of the pending matters will be, what the timing of the ultimate resolution of these matters will be, or what the eventual loss, fines or penalties related to each pending matter may be.

In accordance with the authoritative guidance issued by the FASB on contingencies, the Company accrues anticipated costs of settlement, damages and losses for claims to the extent specific losses are probable and estimable. The Company records a receivable for insurance recoveries when such amounts are probable and collectable. In such cases, there may be an exposure to loss in excess of any amounts accrued. If, at the time of evaluation, the loss contingency related to a litigation is not both probable and estimable, the matter will continue to be monitored for further developments that would make such loss contingency both probable and estimable and, the Company will expense these costs as incurred. If the estimate of a probable loss is a range and no amount within the range is more likely, the Company will accrue the minimum amount of the range.

Other Claims

The Company is subject to various legal proceedings and claims, asserted or unasserted, which arise in the ordinary course of business. While the outcome of any such matters cannot be predicted with certainty, such matters are not expected to have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition or operating results.

(16) Segment Reporting and Concentrations

The Company is organized in a single operating segment for purposes of making operating decisions and assessing performance. Revenue from the United States to customers in the following geographical areas for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, and the location of long-lived assets as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, are summarized as follows:



	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018		2017		2018		2017
Revenue:
Americas	$	1,585,465	$	1,742,556	$	3,648,360	$	5,384,051
Asia Pacific	961,632		2,243,820		4,541,966		6,940,306
Europe, Middle East, Africa and Other	1,513,064		2,119,057		4,875,365		6,554,517
Total Revenue	$	4,060,161	$	6,105,433	$	13,065,691	$	18,878,874



	September 30, 2018		December 31, 2017
Long-lived assets:
Americas	$	6,391,673	$	5,754,977
Asia Pacific	755,907		822,885
Europe, Middle East, Africa and Other	179,840		213,371
Total long-lived assets	$	7,327,420	$	6,791,233

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company had one customer that accounted for 10% or more of total revenue. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company had no customers that accounted for 10% of total revenue.

As of September 30, 2018, the Company had no customers that accounted for 10% or more of the gross accounts receivable balance. As of December 31, 2017, the Company had one customer that accounted for 23% of the gross accounts receivable balance.

(17) Restructuring Costs

In the third quarter of 2013, the Company adopted a plan to better align the Company’s cost structure with the skills and resources required to more effectively execute the Company’s long-term growth strategy and to support revenue levels the Company expected to achieve on a go forward basis (the "2013 Plan"). In connection with the 2013 Plan, the Company eliminated over 100 positions worldwide, implemented tighter expense controls, ceased non-core activities and closed or downsized several facilities. The 2013 Plan was substantially completed by December 31, 2014; however, we expect the majority of the remaining severance related costs to be paid once final settlement litigation is completed, which can be at various times over the next six months.

In June 2017, the Board approved a comprehensive plan to increase operating performance (the “2017 Plan”). The 2017 Plan resulted in a realignment and reduction in workforce. The 2017 Plan was substantially completed by the end of the Company’s fiscal year ended December 31, 2017, and when combined with previous workforce reductions in the second quarter of Fiscal 2017 reduced the Company’s workforce to approximately 81 employees at December 31, 2017. In connection with the 2017 Plan, the Company incurred severance expense of $1.2 million for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017. In making these changes, the Company prioritized customer support and development while consolidating operations and streamlining direct sales resources, allowing the Company to focus on the install base and develop alternate channels to the market. As part of this consolidation effort the Company vacated a portion of the Mellville, NY office space during the nine months ended September 30, 2018. In accordance with accounting standards governing costs associated with exit or disposal activities, expenses related to future rental payments for which the Company no longer intends to receive any economic benefit are accrued, net of any anticipated sublease income, when the Company ceases use of the leased space. During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company incurred lease disposal-related costs for this property of $1.1 million.

The following table summarizes the activity during 2018 related to restructuring liabilities recorded in connection with the 2013 and 2017 Plans:



	Severance Related Costs			Facility and Other Costs			Total
Balance at December 31, 2017	$	648,399		$	—		$	648,399
Additions (Reductions)	(173,263		)	—			(173,263		)
Utilized/Paid	(13,774		)	—			(13,774		)
Balance at March 31, 2018	$	461,362		$	—		$	461,362
Additions (Reductions)	—			809,245			809,245
Utilized/Paid	—			(312,507		)	(312,507		)
Balance at June 30, 2018	$	461,362		$	496,738		$	958,100
Additions (Reductions)	—			315,283			315,283
Utilized/Paid	—			(331,405		)	(331,405		)
Balance at September 30, 2018	$	461,362		$	480,616		$	941,978

The severance and facility related liabilities are included within “accrued expenses” in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. The expenses under the 2013 and 2017 Plans are included within “restructuring costs” in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations.

(18) Subsequent Events

On October 9, 2018, FalconStor closed on the final tranche of its previously-announced Financing of Units to certain eligible stockholders of the Company. As a result, the Company received an additional $1,000,000 of gross proceeds from new investors (the “New Investors”) which is in addition to the $3,000,000 of gross proceeds previously received from HCP-FVA through the subscription of 30,000,000 Units pursuant to the Commitment on February 23, 2018.

In addition to providing the Company with $1,000,000 of gross proceeds, the New Investors purchased $520,000 of the Term Loan held by HCP-FVA and 342,000 of the 900,000 shares of Series A Preferred Stock held by HCP-FVA. Financing Warrants to purchase 63,610,935 shares of Common Stock held by HCP-FVA were also cancelled. Accordingly, the New Investors hold Financing Warrants to purchase 185,942,007 shares of Common Stock and HCP-FVA now holds Financing Warrants to purchase 303,379,065 shares of Common Stock. The transfer of securities by HCP-FVA to New Investors was subject to certain transfer limitations to ensure the preservation of the Company’s net operating loss carry forward.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. These forward-looking statements can be identified by the use of predictive, future-tense or forward-looking terminology, such as “believes,” “anticipates,” “expects,” “estimates,” “plans,” “may,” “intends,” “will,” or similar terms. Investors are cautioned that any forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve significant risks and uncertainties, and that actual results may differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements. The following discussion should be read together with the consolidated financial statements and notes to those financial statements included elsewhere in this report.

OVERVIEW

The three months ended September 30, 2018 marked our fifth consecutive quarter of operational profitability before restructuring charges. The operational efficiencies achieved during the current year are part of a strategy which we feel will better position us for improved profitability and growth as we approach the final three months of 2018. As part of this plan, on October 9th, we closed on the final tranche of our previously-announced private placement. As a result, we received an additional $1.0 million of gross proceeds from new investors which is in addition to the $3.0 million of gross proceeds previously received through our recently completed financing with HCP-FVA, LLC (“HCP-FVA”). Given our improved financial stability, our focus for the balance of the year will shift to product innovation and strategic expansion.

We adopted the new accounting standard for revenue recognition effective January 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective transition method. This new standard had a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. Beginning in fiscal year 2018, our financial results reflect adoption of the standard including a cumulative effect adjustment on January 1, 2018. The comparative information has not been restated and continues to be reported under the accounting standards in effect for that period. Refer to Note (1) Basis of Presentation to our consolidated financial statements for further information.

Our net loss for the three months ended September 30, 2018 decreased to $0.3 million, as compared with net income of $1.4 million for the same period of the previous year, in part as a result of the impact of this newly adopted accounting standard, in addition to other non cash restructuring charges incurred in connection with our cost reduction efforts.

While our net loss increased as compared to the prior year period, net cash used by operations decreased by $1.2 million to $(0.3) million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, as compared to $1.6 million of net cash used by operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2017. As a result of improved operational efficiencies and the closing of the commitment from HCP-FVA to provide $3.0 million in financing (the “Commitment”), we ended the quarter with $2.8 million of cash and cash equivalents, as compared to $1.0 million at December 31, 2017.

Deferred revenue as of September 30, 2018 totaled $9.6 million, compared with $18.4 million as of December 31, 2017. The decrease is primarily attributable to our adoption of new revenue recognition accounting guidance on January 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective transition method applied to those contracts which were not completed as of January 1, 2018. For further information, refer to Note (1) Basis of Presentation, to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

Overall, total revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2018 decreased 33% to $4.1 million, compared with $6.1 million in the prior year period. This decline in revenue was significantly impacted by our adoption of the new revenue recognition guidance on January 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective transition method which resulted in a $0.6 million decrease in revenue. The remaining decrease in revenue was driven by several factors. First, the volume of new product licenses and maintenance sales, both for expansion of our existing installed base and in the acquisition of new customers declined from the prior year. Second, customer attrition continued which decreased maintenance renewal revenue.

Total cost of revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2018 decreased 43% to $0.7 million, compared with $1.2 million in the prior year period. Total gross profit decreased $1.5 million, or 31%, to $3.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018, compared with $4.9 million for the prior year period. Total gross margin increased to 83% for the three months ended September 30, 2018, compared with 80% for the prior year period. The decrease in our total gross profit in absolute dollars was primarily due to the decrease in revenue. The increase in total gross margin was primarily due to the mix of sales and our cost reduction initiatives. Generally, our total gross profits and total gross margins fluctuate based on several factors, including (i) revenue growth levels, (ii) changes in personnel headcount and related costs, and (iii) our product offerings and mix of sales.

Overall, our total operating expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2018 remained constant, at $3.6 million, year over year.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS – FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2018 COMPARED WITH THE THREE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2017.

The following table presents revenue and expense line items reported in our Consolidated Statements of Operations and their corresponding percentage of total revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 and the period-over-period dollar and percentage changes for those line items. Our results of operations are reported as one business segment, represented by our single operating segment.



	Three Months Ended September 30,										Change Period to Period
	2018					2017					Change Period to Period
Revenue:
Product revenue	$	1,007,915		25	%	$	2,129,125		35	%	$	(1,121,210	)	(53	)%
Support and services revenue	3,052,246			75	%	3,976,308			65	%	(924,062		)	(23	)%
Total revenue	4,060,161			100	%	6,105,433			100	%	(2,045,272		)	(33	)%
Cost of revenue:
Product	62,742			2	%	118,880			2	%	(56,138		)	(47	)%
Support and service	645,700			16	%	1,115,703			18	%	(470,003		)	(42	)%
Total cost of revenue	708,442			17	%	1,234,583			20	%	(526,141		)	(43	)%
Gross profit	3,351,719			83	%	4,870,850			80	%	(1,519,131		)	(31	)%
Operating expenses:
Research and development costs	1,065,031			26	%	1,216,663			20	%	(151,632		)	(12	)%
Selling and marketing	1,144,271			28	%	1,128,850			18	%	15,421			1	%
General and administrative	1,068,754			26	%	1,163,676			19	%	(94,922		)	(8	)%
Restructuring costs	315,283			8	%	76,705			1	%	238,578			311	%
Total operating expenses	3,593,339			89	%	3,585,894			59	%	7,445			—	%
Operating income (loss)	(241,620		)	(6	)%	1,284,956			21	%	(1,526,576		)	*
Interest and other income (loss), net	(187,667		)	(5	)%	134,321			2	%	(321,988		)	*
Income (loss) before income taxes	(429,287		)	(11	)%	1,419,277			23	%	(1,848,564		)	*
Income tax benefit	(96,858		)	(2	)%	(9,896		)	—	%	(86,962		)	879	%
Net income (loss)	$	(332,429	)	(8	)%	$	1,429,173		23	%	$	(1,761,602	)	*
Less: Accrual of Series A redeemable convertible preferred stock dividends	229,022			6	%	215,000			4	%	14,022			7	%
Less: Deemed dividend on Series A redeemable convertible preferred stock	—			—	%	—			—	%	—			—	%
Less: Accretion to redemption value of Series A redeemable convertible preferred stock	124,993			3	%	—			—	%	124,993			—	%
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders	$	(686,444	)	(17	)%	$	1,214,173		20	%	$	(1,900,617	)	*

Revenue

Our primary sales focus is on selling software solutions and platforms which includes stand-alone software applications, software integrated with industry standard hardware and sold as one complete integrated solution or sold on a subscription or consumption basis. As a result, our revenue is classified as either: (i) product revenue, or (ii) support and services revenue. Total revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2018 decreased 33% to $4.1 million, compared with $6.1 million in the prior year period.

Product revenue

Product revenue is comprised of sales of both licenses for our software solutions and sales of the platforms on which the software is installed. This includes stand-alone software applications and software integrated with industry standard hardware, sold as one complete integrated solution or sold on a subscription or consumption basis. Our products are sold through (i) value-added resellers, (ii) distributors, and/or (iii) directly to end-users. These revenues are recognized when all the applicable criteria under accounting principles generally accepted in the United States are met.

Product revenue of $1.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018 decreased $1.1 million from $2.1 million in the prior year period. Product revenue represented 25% and 35% of our total revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Product revenue decreased $0.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018 due to the adoption of new revenue accounting guidance on January 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective method. Prior period amounts have not been adjusted under the modified retrospective method. See Note (1) Basis of Presentation to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for further information.

We continue to invest in our product portfolio by refreshing our existing product lines and developing our next generation of innovative product offerings to drive our sales volume in support of our long-term outlook.

Support and services revenue

Support and services revenue is comprised of revenue from (i) maintenance and technical support services, (ii) professional services primarily related to the implementation of our software, and (iii) engineering services. Revenue derived from maintenance and technical support contracts are deferred and recognized ratably over the contractual maintenance term. Professional services revenue is recognized in the period that the related services are performed. Engineering services are recognized upon customer acceptance.

Maintenance and technical support services revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2018 decreased to $3.0 million, compared with $3.8 million in the prior year period. Our maintenance and technical support service revenue results primarily from (i) the purchase of maintenance and support contracts by our customers, and (ii) the renewal of maintenance and support contracts by our existing and new customers after their initial contracts expire. The decrease in revenue over the previous year reflects a decline in maintenance renewal revenue, as a result of customer attrition, a smaller volume of new customers, and a decline in new product license and maintenance sales.

Professional services revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2018 remained constant, at $0.1 million, year over year. Professional services revenue can vary from period to period based upon (i) the number of solutions sold during the existing and previous periods, (ii) the number of our customers who elect to purchase professional services, (iii) the number of professional services contracts that are performed during the period, and (iv) the number of customers who elect to purchase engineering services.

Cost of Revenue, Gross Profit and Gross Margin

Total cost of revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2018 decreased 43% to $0.7 million, compared with $1.2 million in the prior year period. Total gross profit decreased $1.5 million, or 31%, to $3.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018, compared with $4.9 million for the prior year period. Total gross margin increased to 83% for the three months ended September 30, 2018, compared with 80% for the prior year period. The decrease in our total gross profit, in absolute dollars, was primarily due to the decrease in revenue. The increase in total gross margin was driven by cost reduction initiatives and sales mix during the current reporting period. Generally, our total gross profits and total gross margins fluctuate based on several factors, including (i) revenue growth levels, (ii) changes in personnel headcount and related costs, and (iii) our product offerings and mix of sales.

Cost of Product Revenue, Gross Profit and Gross Margin

Cost of product revenue consists primarily of industry standard hardware we purchase and integrate with our software for turn-key integrated solutions, personnel costs, amortization of capitalized software and shipping and logistics costs. Cost of product revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2018 decreased 47% to $62,742, compared with $118,880 in the prior year period. Product gross margin for the three months ended September 30, 2018 remained constant year over year at 94% . The decrease in product gross margin in absolute dollars was primarily attributable to a decline in product sales revenue, year over year.

Cost of Support and Service Revenue, Gross Profit and Gross Margin

Cost of support and service consists primarily of personnel and other costs associated with providing software implementations, technical support under maintenance contracts and training. Cost of support and service revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2018 decreased 42% to $0.6 million, compared with $1.1 million in the prior year period. Support and service gross margin increased to 79% for the three months ended September 30, 2018, compared with 72% for the prior year period, primarily attributable to a reduction in personnel related costs.

Operating Expenses

Our operating expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2018 remained constant at $3.6 million, year over year. Operating expenses include $0.3 million of restructuring costs incurred in connection with our cost reduction efforts during the current period. Excluding restructuring charges, operating expenses declined $0.2 million, as compared to the same period of the previous year. This decline was primarily attributable to tighter expense controls and overall operational efficiencies which better align our current business plan on a run-rate basis. These efficiencies include among other items, stream-lined personnel related costs and global overhead costs and efficiencies realized on our redesigned go-to-market coverage models. Our worldwide headcount was 88 employees as of September 30, 2018, compared with 83 employees as of September 30, 2017. We will continue to evaluate the appropriate headcount levels to properly align our resources with our current and long-term outlook and to take actions in areas of the Company that are not performing. Our operating results for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 also reflect $0.0 million and $0.3 million of share-based compensation expense, respectively.

Research and Development Costs

Research and development costs consist primarily of personnel costs for product development, share-based compensation expense, and other related costs associated with the development of new products, enhancements to existing products, quality assurance and testing. Research and development costs decreased $0.2 million, or 12%, to $1.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018, from $1.2 million in the prior year period. The decrease was primarily related to a decrease in personnel related costs resulting from our realignment and reduction in workforce and continued efforts to allocate the appropriate level of resources based upon the product development roadmap schedule. We continue to provide resources in support of our research and development activities to continue to enhance and to test our core products and in the development of new innovative products, features and options.

Selling and Marketing

Selling and marketing expenses consist primarily of sales and marketing personnel and related costs, share-based compensation expense, travel, public relations expense, marketing literature and promotions, commissions, trade show expenses, and the costs associated with our foreign sales offices. Selling and marketing expenses remained constant at $1.1 million, year over year.

General and Administrative

General and administrative expenses consist primarily of personnel costs of general and administrative functions, share-based compensation expense, public company related costs, directors’ and officers’ insurance, legal and professional fees, and other general corporate overhead costs. General and administrative expenses of $1.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018 remained consistent with general and administrative expenses of $1.2 million for the prior year period. Share-based compensation expense included in general and administrative expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 was $0.0 million and $(0.3) million, respectively.

Restructuring

In the third quarter of 2013, we adopted a restructuring plan intended to better align our cost structure with the skills and resources required to more effectively execute our long-term growth strategy and to support revenue levels we expect to achieve on a go forward basis (the "2013 Plan"). In connection with the 2013 Plan, we eliminated over 100 positions worldwide, implemented tighter expense controls, ceased non-core activities and closed or downsized several facilities.

savings of approximately $10.0 million. As part of this consolidation effort, the Company vacated a portion of the Mellville, NY office space during the three months ended June 30, 2018. In accordance with accounting standards governing costs associated with exit or disposal activities, expenses related to future rental payments for which the Company no longer intends to receive any economic benefit are accrued, net of any anticipated sublease income, when the Company ceases use of the leased space. During the three months ended September 30, 2018, the Company incurred lease disposal-related costs for this property of $0.3 million.

Restructuring expense increased $0.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018 to $0.3 million, compared to $0.1 million in the prior year period. For further information, refer to Note (17) Restructuring Costs, to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

Interest and other (loss) income, net

Interest and other income (loss), net, decreased $0.3 million to a loss of $0.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018, compared with income of $0.1 million in the prior year period. The fluctuation in interest and other income (loss) from quarter to quarter relates to foreign currency gains and losses, interest income, sublease income and the change in fair value of our embedded derivatives. The decrease in interest and other income (loss) for the three months ended September 30, 2018 as compared to the prior year period was driven in part by $0.1 million of interest expense incurred in connection with the HCP-FVA Commitment.

Income Taxes

Our provision for income taxes consists of state and local, and foreign taxes. For the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, the Company recorded an income tax benefit of $0.1 million and a provision of $0.0 million, respectively, consisting primarily of state and local, and foreign taxes.

As of September 30, 2018, our conclusion regarding the realizability of our US deferred tax assets did not change and we have recorded a full valuation allowance against them.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS – FOR THE NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2018 COMPARED WITH THE NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2017.

The following table presents revenue and expense line items reported in our Consolidated Statements of Operations and their corresponding percentage of total revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 and the period-over-period dollar and percentage changes for those line items. Our results of operations are reported as one business segment, represented by our single operating segment.



	Nine Months Ended September 30,										Change Period to Period
(amounts in dollars)	2018					2017					Change Period to Period
Revenue:
Product revenue	$	3,925,504		30	%	$	6,549,832		35	%	$	(2,624,328	)	(40	)%
Support and services revenue	9,140,187			70	%	12,329,042			65	%	(3,188,855		)	(26	)%
Total revenue	13,065,691			100	%	18,878,874			100	%	(5,813,183		)	(31	)%
Cost of revenue:
Product	128,632			1	%	669,564			4	%	(540,932		)	(81	)%
Support and service	1,964,897			15	%	3,788,282			20	%	(1,823,385		)	(48	)%
Total cost of revenue	2,093,529			16	%	4,457,846			24	%	(2,364,317		)	(53	)%
Gross profit	10,972,162			84	%	14,421,028			76	%	(3,448,866		)	(24	)%
Operating expenses:
Research and development costs	2,997,826			23	%	5,536,658			29	%	(2,538,832		)	(46	)%
Selling and marketing	3,209,930			25	%	5,288,991			28	%	(2,079,061		)	(39	)%
General and administrative	4,175,578			32	%	4,130,570			22	%	45,008			1	%
Investigation, litigation, and settlement related costs	—			—	%	—			—	%	—			—	%
Restructuring costs (benefit)	951,265			7	%	(159,597		)	(1	)%	1,110,862			*
Total operating expenses	11,334,599			87	%	14,796,622			78	%	(3,462,023		)	(23	)%
Operating loss	(362,437		)	(3	)%	(375,594		)	(2	)%	13,157			(4	)%
Interest and other income (loss), net	(501,087		)	(4	)%	260,121			1	%	(761,208		)	*
Loss before income taxes	(863,524		)	(7	)%	(115,473		)	(1	)%	(748,051		)	648	%
Income tax expense (benefit)	(33,868		)	—	%	207,352			1	%	(241,220		)	*
Net loss	$	(829,656	)	(6	)%	$	(322,825	)	(2	)%	$	(506,831	)	157	%
Less: Accrual of Series A redeemable convertible preferred stock dividends	687,152			5	%	634,664			3	%	52,488			8	%
Less: Deemed dividend on Series A redeemable convertible preferred stock	2,269,042			17	%	—			—	%	2,269,042			—	%
Less: Accretion to redemption value of Series A redeemable convertible preferred stock	240,743			2	%	—			—	%	240,743			—	%
Net loss attributable to common stockholders	$	(4,026,593	)	(31	)%	$	(957,489	)	(5	)%	$	(3,069,104	)	321	%

Total revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 decreased 31% to $13.1 million, compared with $18.9 million in the prior year period.

Product revenue

Product revenue decreased $2.6 million to $3.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 from $6.5 million for nine months ended September 30, 2017. Product revenue represented 30% and 35% of our total revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Product revenue decreased $1.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 due to the adoption of new revenue accounting guidance on January 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective method. Prior period amounts have not been adjusted under the modified retrospective method. See Note (1) Basis of Presentation to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for further information.

Support and services revenue

Maintenance and technical support services revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 decreased to $8.9 million, compared with $11.9 million in the prior year period. Our maintenance and technical support service revenue results primarily from (i) the purchase of maintenance and support contracts by our customers, and (ii) the renewal of maintenance and support contracts by our existing and new customers after their initial contracts expire. The decrease in revenue over the previous year reflects a decline in maintenance renewal revenue, as a result of customer attrition, a smaller volume of new customers, and a decline in new product license and maintenance sales.

Professional services revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 decreased to $0.3 million, compared with $0.5 million in the prior year period. Professional services revenue can vary from period to period based upon (i) the number of solutions sold during the existing and previous periods, (ii) the number of our customers who elect to purchase professional services, (iii) the number of professional services contracts that are performed during the period, and (iv) the number of customers who elect to purchase engineering services.

Cost of Revenue, Gross Profit and Gross Margin

Total cost of revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 decreased 53% to $2.1 million, compared with $4.5 million in the prior year period. Total gross profit decreased $3.4 million, or 24%, to $11.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, compared with $14.4 million for the prior year period. Total gross margin increased to 84% for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, compared with 76% for the prior year period. The decrease in our total gross profit in absolute dollars was primarily due to a decline in revenue. The increase in total gross margin was primarily driven by sales mix and cost reduction initiatives during the current year. Generally, our total gross profits and total gross margins fluctuate based on several factors, including (i) revenue growth levels, (ii) changes in personnel headcount and related costs, and (iii) our product offerings and mix of sales.

Cost of Product Revenue, Gross Profit and Gross Margin

Cost of product revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 decreased 81% to $128,632, compared with $669,564 in the prior year period. Product gross margin increased to 97% for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, compared with 90% for the prior year period. The increase in product gross margin was primarily attributable to an increase in the percentage of our product revenue from sales of our stand-alone software applications, which have higher gross margins than sales of our fully integrated solutions with hardware appliances.

Cost of Support and Service Revenue, Gross Profit and Gross Margin

Cost of support and service revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 decreased 48% to $2.0 million, compared with $3.8 million in the prior year period. Support and service gross margin increased to 79% for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, compared with 69% for the prior year period, primarily attributable to a reduction in personnel related costs.

Operating Expenses

Our operating expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 decreased 23% to $11.3 million, compared with $14.8 million in the prior year period. This decrease was primarily attributable to tighter expense controls and overall operational efficiencies which better align our current business plan on a run-rate basis. These efficiencies include among other items, stream-lined personnel related costs and global overhead costs and efficiencies realized on our redesigned go-to-market coverage models. Our worldwide headcount was 88 employees as of September 30, 2018, compared with 83 employees as of September 30, 2017. We will continue to evaluate the appropriate headcount levels to properly align our resources with our current and long-term outlook and to take actions in areas of the Company that are not performing. This decline in operating expenses included $1.0 million in restructuring costs incurred in connection with our cost reduction efforts during the current period. Operating results for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 also reflect $0.0 million and $0.2 million of share-based compensation expense, respectively.

Research and Development Costs

Research and development costs decreased $2.5 million, or 46%, to $3.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, from $5.5 million in the prior year period. The decrease was primarily related to a decrease in personnel related costs resulting from our realignment and reduction in workforce and continued efforts to allocate the appropriate level of resources based upon the product development roadmap schedule. We continue to provide resources in support of our research and development activities to continue to enhance and to test our core products and in the development of new innovative products, features and options. Share-based compensation expense included in research and development expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 was $0.1 million and $0.2 million, respectively.

Selling and Marketing

Selling and marketing expenses decreased $2.1 million, or 39%, to $3.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, from $5.3 million in the prior year period. The decrease in selling and marketing expenses was primarily attributable to a decrease in headcount resulting from our realignment and reduction in workforce as well as continued efforts to optimize our go-to-market coverage models around the world. Share-based compensation expense included in selling and marketing expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 was $0.0 million and $0.0 million, respectively.

General and Administrative

General and administrative expenses of $4.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 remained consistent with general and administrative expenses of $4.1 million for the prior year period. Share-based compensation expense included in general and administrative expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 was $(0.1) million and $0.0 million, respectively.

Restructuring

In the third quarter of 2013, we adopted the 2013 Plan which was intended to better align our cost structure with the skills and resources required to more effectively execute our long-term growth strategy and to support revenue levels we expect to achieve on a go forward basis (the "2013 Plan"). In connection with the 2013 Plan, we eliminated over 100 positions worldwide, implemented tighter expense controls, ceased non-core activities and closed or downsized several facilities.

In June 2017, the Board approved a comprehensive plan to increase operating performance (the “2017 Plan”). The 2017 Plan resulted in a realignment and reduction in workforce. The 2017 Plan was substantially completed by the end of our fiscal year ended December 31, 2017 and when combined with previous workforce reductions in the second quarter of Fiscal 2017 reduced our workforce to approximately 81 employees at December 31, 2017. These actions are anticipated to result in an annualized cost savings of approximately $10.0 million. As part of this consolidation effort, the Company vacated a portion of the Mellville, NY office space during the three months ended June 30, 2018. In accordance with accounting standards governing costs associated with exit or disposal activities, expenses related to future rental payments for which the Company no longer intends to receive any economic benefit are accrued, net of any anticipated sublease income, when the Company ceases use of the leased space. During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company incurred lease disposal-related costs for this property of $1.1 million.

Restructuring costs increased $1.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 to $1.0 million, as compared to a $(0.2) million restructuring benefit in the prior year period. For further information, refer to Note (17) Restructuring Costs, to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

Interest and other (loss) income, net

Interest and other income (loss), net, decreased $0.8 million to a loss of $0.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, compared with income of $0.3 million in the prior year period. The fluctuation in interest and other income (loss) from quarter to quarter relates to foreign currency gains and losses, interest expense and the change in fair value our embedded derivatives.

The decrease in interest and other income (loss) for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, as compared to the prior year period, was driven in primarily by foreign exchange losses, and $0.2 million of interest expense incurred in connection with the HCP-FVA Commitment.

Income Taxes

Our provision for income taxes consists of state and local, and foreign taxes. For the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, the Company recorded an income tax provision of $0.0 million and $0.2 million, respectively, consisting primarily of state and local, and foreign taxes.

As of September 30, 2018, our conclusion regarding the realizability of our US deferred tax assets did not change and we have recorded a full valuation allowance against them.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Principal Sources of Liquidity

Our principal sources of liquidity are our cash and cash equivalents balances generated from operating, investing and financing activities. Our cash and cash equivalents balance as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 totaled $2.8 million and $1.0 million, respectively.

On February 23, 2018, we closed on our previously-announced Commitment from HCP-FVA to purchase up to $3 million of Units (as hereinafter defined) to backstop a proposed private placement of Units to certain eligible stockholders of the Company (the “Financing”). HCP-FVA subscribed for the full $3 million of Units (at the Company’s election) in the Commitment by payment of $2.5 million in cash and the conversion of a $500,000 short-term loan provided by HCP-FVA to the Company in November 2017 (the “Short Term Loan”) into Units. HCP-FVA is an affiliate of Hale Capital Partners, LP (together with HCP-FVA, “Hale Capital”), the Company’s largest stockholder through its ownership of the Company’s Series A Redeemable Preferred Stock (the “Series A Preferred Stock”), and an affiliate of FalconStor director, Martin Hale.

In the Financing, the Company agreed to offer FalconStor stockholders as of November 17, 2017 who are accredited investors the opportunity to purchase up to a total of 40 million Units (inclusive of subscriptions by HCP-FVA). Each Unit had a purchase price of $0.371063 and consisted of the following (each, a “Unit”):


i.	$0.10 in senior secured debt (for a total of $4 million of senior secured debt assuming full subscription of the Financing), secured by all of the assets of the Company and guaranteed by each of the Company’s domestic subsidiaries, having an interest rate of prime plus 0.75% and a maturity date of June 30, 2021 (the “Term Loan”);


ii.	warrants to purchase 12.233 shares of the Company’s common stock for a nominal exercise price (for a total of 489.32 million shares assuming full subscription of the Financing) (the “Financing Warrants”); and


iii.	0.0225 shares of Series A Preferred Stock at a per Unit price of $0.271063 (subject to increase to take into account accretion of the Series A Preferred Stock after September 30, 2018), all such shares to be acquired directly from their current holder, HCP-FVA.

The closing of the Commitment effectively constituted HCP-FVA’s purchase of 30 million Units in the Financing. As a result, the maximum additional funds that the Company could receive in the Financing was $1 million through the purchase of 10 million Units by other eligible stockholders. If other eligible stockholders subscribed for more than 10 million Units, they purchased those additional Units consisting of senior secured debt and Series A Preferred Stock directly from HCP-FVA (with the associated Financing Warrants to be issued by the Company directly to the eligible stockholders, and HCP-FVA’s Financing Warrants associated with those additional Units sold to the eligible stockholders to be cancelled in accordance with the terms of such Financing Warrants), subject to HCP-FVA maintaining at least 25% of the total Units to be issued in the Financing. HCP-FVA agreed to subscribe for more than its pro rata portion of the Units available for purchase in the Financing (based on common stock ownership on an as-converted basis as of November 17, 2017), and the remaining Units were allocated among such stockholders (including HCP-FVA) based on their common stock ownership on an as-converted basis as of November 17, 2017 and HCP's right to purchase 25% of the units in the Financing as a result of providing the Commitment.

Under the Amended and Restated Loan Agreement, in the event the Term Loan is prepaid for any reason, such prepayment will be subject to the payment of a premium in an amount equal to 5% of the principal amount prepaid. The Term Loan is required to be prepaid upon the occurrence of certain events, including but not limited to certain assets dispositions, the incurrence of additional indebtedness, the receipt of insurance proceeds, and a change of control, subject to certain exceptions.

As part of the Commitment, Hale Capital also agreed to postpone the date of the redemption of the Series A Preferred Stock from August 5, 2017 to July 30, 2021, and to waive prior breaches of the terms of the Series A Preferred Stock which had also triggered a redemption right.

In exchange for serving as the backstop for the Financing, upon the closing of the Commitment, HCP-FVA received Backstop Warrants to purchase 41,577,382 shares of the Company’s common stock for a nominal exercise price, in addition to the 13,859,128 Backstop Warrants issued to HCP-FVA in connection with the making of the Short Term Loan. The Backstop Warrants are in addition to the Financing Warrants issuable in the Financing. In consideration for HCP-FVA’s subscription of 3 million of Units, HCP-FVA was issued Financing Warrants to purchase 366,990,000 shares of the Company’s common stock for a nominal exercise price, of which Financing Warrants to purchase 63,610,935 shares of Common Stock were cancelled in connection with the closing of the final tranche of the Financing on October 9, 2018. The Financing Warrants are currently exercisable as stockholder approval to increase the Company's authorized capital has been obtained. On April 23, 2018, HCP-FVA exercised substantially all of it's Backstop Warrants on a cash-less basis and was issued 53,370,601 shares of the Company's common stock.

We believe that our cash flows from operations and existing cash on hand are sufficient to conduct our planned operations and meet our contractual requirements through 2019.

Cash Flow Analysis

Cash flow information is as follows:



	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018			2017
Cash (used in) provided by:
Operating activities	(331,722		)	(1,551,421		)
Investing activities	(138,933		)	(108,713		)
Financing activities	2,328,019			(25,710		)
Effect of exchange rate changes	(41,540		)	45,626
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	$	1,815,824		$	(1,640,218	)

Net cash used in operating activities totaled $0.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, compared with $1.6 million of net cash used in operating activities in the prior year period. The changes in net cash used in operating activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, was primarily due to our net income (loss) and adjustments for net changes in operating assets and liabilities, primarily changes in our accounts receivable, deferred revenue, prepaid expenses, inventory, other assets, accounts payable, accrued expenses and other long-term liabilities contributed to the decrease.

Net cash used in investing activities totaled $0.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, compared with net cash used in investing activities of $0.1 million in the prior year period. Included in investing activities are purchases of property and equipment, capitalized software development costs, cash received from security deposits and purchases of intangible assets.

Net cash provided by financing activities totaled $2.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, compared with net cash used in financing activities of $0.0 million in the prior year period. Included in financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 are proceeds from the issuance of long-term debt. There were minimal financing activity cash flows during the nine months ended September 30, 2017, which related to tax withholdings for employee share-based payment awards.

Total cash and cash equivalents increased $1.8 million to $2.8 million at September 30, 2018 compared to December 31, 2017.

Contractual Obligations

As of September 30, 2018, our significant commitments are related to (i) the Amended Restated Loan Agreement, (ii) our office leases, (iii) dividends (including accrued dividends) on our Series A Preferred Stock, and (iv) the potential redemption of the Series A Preferred Stock as discussed above.

The following is a schedule summarizing our significant obligations to make future payments under contractual obligations as of September 30, 2018:



	Operating Leases			Note Payable (c)		Interest Payments (a) (c)		Long-Term Income Tax Payable (b)		Series A Preferred Stock Mandatory Redemption		Dividends on Series A Preferred Stock
2018	$	508,144		$	—	$	43,125	$	—	$	—	$	—
2019	1,756,507			—		172,500		—		—		—
2020	1,567,637			—		172,500		—		—		—
2021	491,020			3,000,000		86,250		—		—		5,244,240
Other	—			—		—		199,169		9,000,000		—
Total contractual obligations	$	4,323,308		$	3,000,000	$	474,375	$	199,169	$	9,000,000	$	5,244,240
Sublease income	$	(1,106,167	)	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Net contractual obligations	$	3,217,141		$	3,000,000	$	474,375	$	199,169	$	9,000,000	$	5,244,240

(a) The cash obligations for interest requirements reflect floating rate debt obligations on the balance of our Note Payable at September 30, 2018 using interest rate in effect at such time.

(b) Represents our liability for uncertain tax positions. We are unable to make a reasonably reliable estimate of the timing of payments due to uncertainties in the timing of tax audit outcomes.

(c) See Note (9) Notes Payable and Stock Warrants to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for further information.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

We describe our significant accounting policies in Note (1), "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" of our 2017 Form 10-K. We discuss our critical accounting estimates in Item 7, "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" of our 2017 Form 10-K. There have been no significant changes in our significant accounting policies or critical accounting estimates since December 31, 2017, other than those noted below.

Revenue Recognition

Our contracts with customers often include promises to transfer multiple products and services to a customer. Determining whether products and services are considered distinct performance obligations that should be accounted for separately versus together may require significant judgment.

Judgment is required to determine the standalone selling price (“SSP”) for each distinct performance obligation. For products and services aside from maintenance and support, we estimate SSP by adjusting the list price by historical discount percentages. SSP for software and hardware maintenance and support fees is based on the stated percentages of the fees charged for the respective products.

Our perpetual and term software licenses have significant standalone functionality and therefore revenue allocated to these performance obligations are recognized at a point in time upon electronic delivery of the download link and the license keys.

Revenues associated with professional services are recognized at a point in time upon customer acceptance.

Impact of Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

See Item 1 of Part 1, Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements – Note (1) Basis of Presentation.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, we had no off-balance sheet arrangements.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Foreign Currency Risk.

We have several offices outside the United States. Accordingly, we are subject to exposure from adverse movements in foreign currency exchange rates. For the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, approximately 76% and 71% of our sales were from outside North America. Not all of these transactions were made in foreign currencies. Our primary exposure is to fluctuations in exchange rates for the U.S. Dollar versus the Euro and Japanese Yen, and to a lesser extent the Canadian Dollar, the Korean Won and the British Pound. Changes in exchange rates in the functional currency for each geographic area’s revenues are primarily offset by the related expenses associated with such revenues. However, changes in exchange rates of a particular currency could impact the re-measurement of such balances on our balance sheets.

If foreign currency exchange rates were to change adversely by 10% from the levels at September 30, 2018, the effect on our results before taxes from foreign currency fluctuations on our balance sheet would be approximately $1.6 million. The above analysis disregards the possibility that rates for different foreign currencies can move in opposite directions and that losses from one currency may be offset by gains from another currency.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, we have evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report, and, based on their evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer have concluded that these controls and procedures are effective. No changes in the Company's internal control over financial reporting occurred during the quarter ended September 30, 2018, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal controls over financial reporting.

Disclosure controls and procedures are procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC's rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

See the discussion of the Company’s material litigation in Note (15) Litigation, to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, which is incorporated by reference in Item 1.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

We are affected by risks specific to us as well as factors that affect all businesses operating in a global market. The significant factors known to us that could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, or operating results are set forth in Item 1A to our 2017 Form 10-K.

Unknown Factors

Additional risks and uncertainties of which we are unaware or which currently we deem immaterial also may become important factors that affect us.

Item 6. Exhibits




31.1	Certification of the Chief Executive Officer

31.2	Certification of the Chief Financial Officer

32.1	Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (18 U.S.C. § 1350)

32.2	Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (18 U.S.C. § 1350)

101.1	The following financial statements from FalconStor Software, Inc’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended June 30, 2018, formatted in XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language):



	(i)	unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets – September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.

	(ii)	unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations – Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 and 2017.

	(iii)	unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income (Loss) – Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 and 2017.

	(iv)	unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows – Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 and 2017.

	(v)	Notes to unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements – September 30, 2018.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.



	FALCONSTOR SOFTWARE, INC.
	(Registrant)

	/s/ Brad Wolfe
	Brad Wolfe
	Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer
	(principal financial and accounting officer)



	/s/ Todd Brooks
	Todd Brooks
	President & Chief Executive Officer
November 14, 2018	(principal executive officer)