Document
 
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
X
 
ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended July 28, 2018
 or
__
 
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 For the transition period from _______ to _______
Commission File Number: 001-15723
unfilogoa10.jpg
UNITED NATURAL FOODS, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware
 
05-0376157
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
 
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
313 Iron Horse Way, Providence, RI 02908
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
Registrant's telephone number, including area code: (401) 528-8634
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class
 
Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share
 
The NASDAQ Stock Market
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes X No __
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes __ No X
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes X No __
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes X No __
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K X
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company" and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large Accelerated Filer X
 
Accelerated Filer __
Non-accelerated Filer __
 
Smaller Reporting Company __
Emerging growth company __
 
 
 If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. __
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes __ No X
The aggregate market value of the common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant was approximately $2.5 billion based upon the closing price of the registrant's common stock on the Nasdaq Global Select Market® on January 26, 2018. The number of shares of the registrant's common stock, par value $0.01 per share, outstanding as of September 14, 2018 was 50,423,689.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Portions of the registrant's definitive Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held on December 18, 2018 are incorporated herein by reference into Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
 




UNITED NATURAL FOODS, INC.
FORM 10-K
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section
 
 
 
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Table of Contents

PART I.
ITEM 1.    BUSINESS
Unless otherwise specified, references to "United Natural Foods," "UNFI," "we," "us," "our" or "the Company" in this Annual Report on Form 10-K ("Annual Report" or "Report") mean United Natural Foods, Inc. and all entities included in our consolidated financial statements. See the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in "Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data" of this Report for information regarding our financial performance.
Overview
We are a Delaware corporation based in Providence, Rhode Island, and we conduct business through our various wholly owned subsidiaries. We are a leading distributor based on sales of natural, organic and specialty foods and non-food products in the United States and Canada. We believe that our thirty-three distribution centers, representing approximately 8.8 million square feet of warehouse space, provide us with the largest capacity of any North American-based distributor principally focused on the natural, organic and specialty products industry. The Company has two principal operating divisions: the wholesale division which is comprised of several business units aggregated under the wholesale segment, which is the Company's only reportable segment; and the manufacturing and branded products division.
Since the formation of our predecessor in 1976, we have grown our business both organically and through acquisitions which have expanded our distribution network, product selection and customer base.
Acquisitions

In July 2014, we completed the acquisition of all of the outstanding capital stock of Tony's Fine Foods ("Tony's"), through our wholly-owned subsidiary UNFI West, Inc. ("UNFI West"). With the completion of the transaction, Tony's became a wholly-owned subsidiary and continues to operate as Tony's Fine Foods. Tony's is headquartered in West Sacramento, California and is a leading distributor of perishable food products, including a wide array of specialty protein, cheese, deli, food service and bakery goods to retail and specialty grocers, food service customers and other distribution companies principally located throughout the Western United States, as well as Alaska and Hawaii.

During fiscal 2015, we began shipping customers both center of the store products and an enhanced selection of fresh, perishable products typically located in the perimeter of the store. Our customers utilized both UNFI’s broadline and Tony's perishable offerings, including grocery, refrigerated, protein, specialty cheese and prepared foods. Our customers seek a full spectrum of offerings and we believe that there is significant value in UNFI's position as a leading provider of logistics, distribution and category management for both center store and perimeter products.
In March 2016, the Company acquired certain assets of Global Organic/Specialty Source, Inc. and related affiliates (collectively "Global Organic") through our wholly owned subsidiary Albert's Organics, Inc. ("Albert's"), in a cash transaction for approximately $20.6 million. Global Organic is a distributor of organic fruits, vegetables, juices, milk, eggs, nuts, and coffee located in Sarasota, Florida serving customer locations across the Southeastern United States. Global Organic's operations have been fully integrated into the existing Albert's business in the Southeastern United States.
In March 2016, the Company acquired all of the outstanding equity securities of Nor-Cal Produce, Inc. ("Nor-Cal") and an affiliated entity as well as certain real estate, in a cash transaction for approximately $67.8 million. Nor-Cal is a distributor of conventional and organic produce and other fresh products primarily to independent retailers in Northern California, with primary operations located in West Sacramento, California. Our acquisition of Nor-Cal has aided in our efforts to expand our fresh offering, particularly with conventional produce. Nor-Cal's operations have been combined with the existing Albert's business.

In May 2016, the Company acquired all outstanding equity securities of Haddon House Food Products Inc. ("Haddon") and certain affiliated entities and real estate for total cash consideration of approximately $217.5 million. Haddon is a distributor and merchandiser of natural and organic and gourmet ethnic products throughout the Eastern United States. Haddon has a diverse, multi-channel customer base including supermarkets, gourmet food stores and independent retailers. Our acquisition of Haddon has expanded our gourmet and ethnic product and service offering which we expect to play an important role in our ongoing strategy to build out these product categories. Haddon's operations have been combined with the Company's existing broadline natural, organic and specialty distribution business in the United States.

In August 2016, the Company acquired all of the outstanding equity securities of Gourmet Guru Inc. ("Gourmet Guru") in a cash transaction for approximately $10.0 million. Gourmet Guru is a distributor and merchandiser of fresh and organic food focusing on new and emerging brands. We believe that our acquisition of Gourmet Guru enhances our strength in finding and cultivating

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emerging fresh and organic brands and further expands our presence in key urban markets. Gourmet Guru's operations have been combined with the Company's existing broadline natural, organic and specialty distribution business in the United States.
The ability to distribute specialty food items (including ethnic, kosher and gourmet products) has accelerated our expansion into a number of high-growth business markets and allowed us to establish immediate market share in the fast-growing specialty foods market. We have now integrated specialty food products and natural and organic specialty non-food items into all of our broadline distribution centers across the United States and Canada. Due to our expansion into specialty foods, over the past several fiscal years we have been awarded new business with a number of supermarkets. We believe our acquisition of Haddon has expanded our capabilities in the specialty category and we have expanded our offerings of specialty products to include those products distributed by Haddon that we did not previously distribute to our customers. We believe that the distribution of these products enhanced our supermarket business channel and that our complementary product lines continue to present opportunities for cross-selling.
On July 25, 2018, the Company entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the "Merger Agreement") pursuant to which we have agreed to acquire all of the outstanding equity securities of SUPERVALU INC. (“SUPERVALU”) for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $2.9 billion (the "Merger"), including the assumption of outstanding debt and liabilities. The transaction has been approved by the boards of directors of both companies and is subject to antitrust approvals, SUPERVALU shareholder approval and other customary closing conditions, and is expected to close in the fourth quarter of calendar year 2018. The proposed acquisition of SUPERVALU is expected to expand the Company’s customer base and exposure across channels, add high-growth perimeter categories such as meat and produce to the Company’s natural and organic products, provide the Company a wider geographic reach and greater scale, and increase efficiencies.
Our Operating Structure
Our operations are generally comprised of two principal operating divisions. These operating divisions are:
our wholesale division, which includes:

our broadline natural, organic and specialty distribution business in the United States;
Tony's, which distributes a wide array of specialty protein, cheese, deli, foodservice and bakery goods, principally throughout the Western United States;
Albert's, which distributes organically grown produce and non-produce perishable items within the United States, and includes the operations of Nor-Cal, a distributor of organic and conventional produce and non-produce perishable items principally in Northern California;
UNFI Canada, Inc. ("UNFI Canada"), which is our natural, organic and specialty distribution business in Canada; and
Select Nutrition, which distributes vitamins, minerals and supplements; and

our manufacturing and branded products division, consisting of:
Woodstock Farms Manufacturing, which specializes in importing, roasting, packaging and the distribution of nuts, dried fruit, seeds, trail mixes, granola, natural and organic snack items and confections; and
our Blue Marble Brands branded product lines.

We disposed of our retail business, Earth Origins Market ("Earth Origins"), during fiscal 2018. Beginning in fiscal 2019, the Select Nutrition business will be combined with our broadline operations.

Wholesale Division
In August 2016, we launched an initiative to reorganize our sales structure in the United States. This new structure is regional and our broadline distribution business is now organized into three sales regions— our Atlantic Region, Central Region and Pacific Region. Each region has a president responsible for all our products and services within the territory, including fresh, grocery, wellness, e-commerce, food services, and ethnic gourmet. Territory managers in these regions now sell across our complete lines of products. This change brings us to our customers more frequently with all of our service offerings and we anticipate identifying and taking advantage of sales opportunities that result from our customers having a single point of contact for all of our products and services.
As of our 2018 fiscal year end, our Atlantic Region operated ten distribution centers, our Central Region operated six distribution centers, and our Pacific Region operated twelve distribution centers. Beginning in fiscal 2019, the Company realigned two of its distributions centers previously included in the Atlantic Region to the Pacific Region.
Certain of our distribution centers are shared by multiple operations within our wholesale division.

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Tony's operates out of four distribution centers located in California and Washington. In addition to the four Tony's facilities, the Company distributes Tony's perishable products from certain of its other broadline distribution centers, including our Aurora, Colorado facility.
Albert's operates out of four distribution centers located throughout the United States.
UNFI Canada distributes natural, organic and specialty products in all of our product categories to all of our customers in Canada. As of our 2018 fiscal year end, UNFI Canada operated four distribution centers.
Through Select Nutrition, we distribute more than 14,000 health and beauty aids, vitamins, minerals and supplements from distribution centers in Pennsylvania and California.
Manufacturing and Branded Products Division
Our subsidiary doing business as Woodstock Farms Manufacturing specializes in importing, roasting, packaging and the distribution of nuts, dried fruit, seeds, trail mixes, granola, natural and organic snack items and confections for our customers and in the Company's branded products. Woodstock Farms Manufacturing sells items manufactured in bulk and through private label packaging arrangements with large health food, supermarket and convenience store chains and independent retailers.
We operate an organic (United States Department of Agriculture ("USDA") and Quality Assurance International ("QAI")) and kosher (Circle K) certified packaging, roasting, and processing facility in New Jersey that is SQF (Safety Quality Food) level 2 certified.
Our Blue Marble Brands portfolio is a collection of 17 organic, non-GMO, clean and specialty food brands representing more than 750 unique retail and food service products sourced from over 30 countries around the globe. Blue Marble Brands defines clean ingredients to be minimally processed foods, using only essential ingredients that contain no artificial colors or flavors. Our Blue Marble Brands products are sold through our wholesale division, third-party distributors and directly to retailers. Our Field Day® brand is primarily sold to customers in our independent channel and is meant to serve as a private label brand for retailers to allow them to compete with supermarket and supernatural chains which often have their own private label store brands.
To maintain our market position and improve our operating efficiencies, we seek to continually:
expand our marketing and customer service programs across regions;
expand our national purchasing opportunities;
offer a broader product selection than our competitors;
offer operational excellence with high service levels and a higher percentage of on-time deliveries than our competitors;
centralize general and administrative functions to reduce expenses;
consolidate systems applications among physical locations and regions;
increase our investment in people, facilities, equipment and technology;
integrate administrative and accounting functions; and
reduce the geographic overlap between regions.
Our continued growth has allowed us to expand our existing facilities and open new facilities in an effort to achieve increasing operating efficiencies.
Our Customers
We serve more than 40,000 customer locations primarily located across the United States and Canada which we classify into four channels:
supernatural, which consists of chain accounts that are national in scope and carry greater than 90% natural products, and at this time currently consists solely of Whole Foods Market;
supermarkets, which include accounts that also carry conventional products, and at this time currently include chain accounts, supermarket independents, and gourmet and ethnic specialty stores;
independents, which include single store and chain accounts (excluding supernatural, as defined above), which carry more than 90% natural products and buying clubs of consumer groups joined to buy products; and
other, which includes foodservice, e-commerce and international customers outside of Canada, as well as sales to Amazon.com, Inc.
We maintain long-standing customer relationships with customers in our supernatural, supermarket and independent channels.
The following were included among our wholesale customers for fiscal 2018:

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Whole Foods Market, the largest supernatural chain in the United States and Canada; and
Other customers, including Natural Grocers, Wegmans, Kroger, Earth Fare, Sprouts Farmers Market, Giant-Carlisle, Stop & Shop, Giant-Landover, Giant Eagle, Hannaford, Harris Teeter, The Fresh Market, Market Basket, Shop-Rite, Publix, Raley's, Lucky's, and Loblaws.
We have been the primary distributor to Whole Foods Market for more than twenty years. Under the terms of our agreement with Whole Foods Market, we serve as the primary distributor to Whole Foods Market in all of its regions in the United States. Our agreement with Whole Foods Market expires on September 28, 2025. Whole Foods Market is our only customer that represented more than 10% of total net sales in fiscal 2018, and accounted for approximately 37% of our net sales.
During fiscal 2017, our net sales by channel were adjusted to reflect changes in the classification of customer types from acquisitions we consummated in the third and fourth quarters of fiscal 2016 and the first quarter of fiscal 2017. There was no financial statement impact as a result of revising the classification of customer types. The following table lists the percentage of net sales by customer type for the fiscal years ended July 28, 2018, July 29, 2017 and July 30, 2016:
 
 
Percentage of Net Sales
Customer Type
 
2018
 
2017
 
2016
Supernatural
 
37
%
 
33
%
 
35
%
Supermarkets
 
28
%
 
30
%
 
27
%
Independents
 
25
%
 
26
%
 
27
%
Other
 
10
%
 
11
%
 
11
%
We distribute natural, organic and specialty foods and non-food products to customers located in the United States and Canada, as well as to customers located in other foreign countries. Our total international net sales, including those by UNFI Canada, represented approximately three percent of our net sales in fiscal 2018 and four percent in both fiscal 2017 and fiscal 2016. We believe that our sales outside the United States will expand as we seek to continue to grow our Canadian operations and our foodservice and e-commerce businesses, both of which include customers based outside of the United States.
Our Marketing Services
We offer a variety of marketing services designed to increase sales for our customers and suppliers, including consumer and trade marketing programs, as well as programs to support suppliers in understanding our markets. Trade and consumer marketing programs are supplier-sponsored programs that cater to a broad range of retail formats. These programs are designed to educate consumers, profile suppliers and increase sales for retailers, many of which do not have the resources necessary to conduct such marketing programs independently.
Consumer Marketing Programs
Monthly, region-specific, consumer circular programs, with the participating retailers’ imprint featuring products sold by the retailer to its customers. The monthly circular programs are structured to pass through the benefit of our negotiated discounts and advertising allowances to the retailer, and also provide retailers with a physical flyer and shelf tags corresponding to each month's promotions. We also offer a web-based tool which retailers can use to produce highly customized circulars and other marketing materials for their stores called the Customized Marketing Program.
Truck advertising program that allows our suppliers to purchase advertising space on the sides of our hundreds of trailers traveling throughout the United States and Canada, increasing brand exposure to consumers.
Trade Marketing Programs
New item introduction programs showcase a supplier's new items to retailers through trial and discounts.
Customer Portal Advertising that allows our suppliers to advertise directly to retailers using the portal that many retailers use to order product and/or gather product information.
Foodservice options designed to support accounts in that category.
Monthly Specials Catalogs that highlight promotions and new product introductions.
Specialized catalogs for holiday and seasonal products.
Supplier Marketing Programs
ClearVue®, an information sharing program offered to a select group of suppliers designed to improve the transparency of information and drive efficiency within the supply chain. With the availability of in-depth data and tailored reporting tools, participants are able to reduce inventory balances while improving service levels.

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Supply Chain by ClearVue®, an information sharing program designed to provide heightened transparency to suppliers through demand planning, forecasting and procurement insights. This program offers weekly and monthly reporting enabling suppliers to identify areas of sales growth while pinpointing specific opportunities for achieving greater profits.
Supplier-In-Site (SIS), an information-sharing website that helps our suppliers better understand the independents channel in order to generate mutually beneficial incremental sales in an efficient manner.
Growth incentive programs, supplier-focused high-level sales and marketing support for selected brands, which foster our partnership by building incremental, mutually profitable sales for suppliers and us.
Periodically, we conduct focus group sessions with certain key retailers and suppliers to ascertain their needs and allow us to better service them. We also provide our customers with:
trends reports in the natural and organic industry;
product data information such as best seller lists, store usage reports and catalogs;
assistance with store layout designs; new store design and equipment procurement;
planogramming, shelf and category management support;
in-store signage and promotional materials assistance with planning and setting up product displays;
shelf tags for products; and
a robust customer portal with product information, search and ordering capabilities, reports and publications.
Our Products
Our extensive selection of natural, organic and specialty foods and non-food products enables us to provide a primary source of supply to a diverse base of customers whose product needs vary significantly. We offer more than 110,000 natural, organic and specialty foods and non-food products, consisting of national, regional and private label brands grouped into six product categories: grocery and general merchandise, produce, perishables and frozen foods, nutritional supplements and sports nutrition, bulk and foodservice products and personal care items. Our branded product lines address certain needs of our customers, including providing a lower-cost label known as Field Day®.
We maintain a comprehensive quality assurance program. All of the products we sell that are represented as "organic" are required to be certified as such by an independent third-party agency. We maintain current certification affidavits on most organic commodities and produce in order to verify the authenticity of the product. Most potential suppliers of organic products are required to provide such third-party certifications to us before they are approved as suppliers.
Organic Certification
Our “Certified Organic Distributor” certification covers all of our broadline distribution centers in the United States, except for facilities acquired in connection with the acquisitions of Tony’s, Haddon, and Nor-Cal. Although not designated as a “Certified Organic Distributor” by QAI, the three Tony’s California locations are certified as Organic by the State of California Department of Public Health Food and Drug Branch, and Nor-Cal is currently registered with the California Department of Food and Agriculture Organic Program as an organic handler. In addition, our Canadian distribution centers in British Columbia and Ontario both hold one of the following organic distributor certifications: QAI, EcoCert Canada or ProCert Canada.
Working Capital
Normal operating fluctuations in working capital balances can result in changes to cash flow from operations presented in our consolidated statements of cash flows that are not necessarily indicative of long-term operating trends. Our working capital needs are generally greater during the months leading up to high sales periods, such as the build up in inventory during the time period leading to the calendar year-end holidays. We typically finance these working capital needs with funds provided by operating activities and available credit through our amended and restated revolving credit facility (the “Existing ABL Facility”) pursuant to our Third Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement, dated as of April 29, 2016, by and among the Company, Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent and the other borrowers, agents and lenders party thereto (the “Existing ABL Loan Agreement”).
Our Suppliers
We purchase our products from more than 9,000 suppliers. The majority of our suppliers are based in the United States and Canada, but we also source products from suppliers throughout Europe, Asia, Central America, South America, Africa and Australia. We believe suppliers of natural and organic products seek to distribute their products through us because we provide access to a large customer base across the United States and Canada, distribute the majority of the suppliers' products and offer a wide variety of marketing programs to our customers to help sell the suppliers' products. Substantially all product categories that we distribute are available from a number of suppliers and, therefore, we are not dependent on any single source of supply for any product

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category. In addition, although we have exclusive distribution arrangements and support programs with several suppliers, none of our suppliers account for more than 5% of our total purchases in fiscal 2018.
We have positioned ourselves as one of the largest purchasers of organically grown bulk products in the natural and organic products industry by centralizing our purchase of nuts, seeds, grains, flours and dried foods. As a result, we are able to negotiate purchases from suppliers on the basis of volume and other considerations that may include discounted pricing or prompt payment discounts. Furthermore, some of our purchase arrangements include the right of return to the supplier with respect to products that we do not sell in a certain period of time. Each region is responsible for placing its own orders and can select the products that it believes will most appeal to its customers, although each region is able to participate in our company-wide purchasing programs. Our outstanding commitments for the purchase of inventory were approximately $15.9 million as of July 28, 2018.
Our Distribution System
The sites for our distribution centers are chosen to provide direct access to our regional markets. This proximity allows us to reduce our transportation costs relative to those of our competitors that seek to service these customers from locations that are often several hundred miles away. We believe that we incur lower inbound freight expense than our regional competitors because our scale allows us to buy full and partial truckloads of products. Products are delivered to our distribution centers primarily by our fleet of leased trucks, contract carriers and the suppliers themselves. When financially advantageous, we pick up product from suppliers or satellite staging facilities and return it to our distribution centers using our own trucks. Additionally, we generally can redistribute overstocks and inventory imbalances between our distribution centers if needed, which helps to reduce out of stocks and to sell perishable products prior to their expiration date.
The majority of our trucks are leased from a variety of national banks and are maintained by third party national leasing companies such as Ryder Truck Leasing and Penske Truck Leasing, which in some cases maintain facilities on our premises for the maintenance and service of these vehicles as well as facilities where we run our own maintenance shops.
We ship certain orders for supplements or for items that are destined for areas outside of regular delivery routes through United States Postal Service, the United Parcel Service and other independent carriers. Deliveries to areas outside the continental United States and Canada are typically shipped by ocean-going containers on a weekly basis.
Our Focus on Technology
We have made significant investments in distribution, financial, information and warehouse management systems. We continually evaluate and upgrade our management information systems at our regional operations in an effort to make the systems more efficient, cost-effective and responsive to customer needs. These systems include functionality in radio frequency inventory control, pick-to-voice systems, pick-to-light systems, computer-assisted order processing and slot locater/retrieval assignment systems. At most of our receiving docks, warehouse associates attach computer-generated, preprinted locater tags to inbound products. These tags contain the expiration date, locations, quantity, lot number and other information about the products in bar code format. Customer returns are processed by scanning the UPC bar codes. We also employ a management information system that enables us to lower our inbound transportation costs by making optimum use of our own fleet of trucks or by consolidating deliveries into full truckloads. Orders from multiple suppliers and multiple distribution centers are consolidated into single truckloads for efficient use of available vehicle capacity. In addition, we utilize route efficiency software that assists us in developing the most efficient routes for our outbound trucks. As part of our “one company” approach, we are in the process of rolling out a national warehouse management and procurement system to convert our existing facilities into a single warehouse management and supply chain platform ("WMS"). WMS supports our effort to integrate and nationalize processes across the organization and we have successfully implemented the WMS system at fifteen of our facilities. In light of the proposed acquisition of SUPERVALU, we are reevaluating our warehouse management system strategy. However, we continue to be focused on the automation of our new or expanded distribution centers that are at different stages of construction.
Intellectual Property
We do not own or have the right to use any patent, trademark, trade name, license, franchise, or concession, the loss of which would have a material adverse effect on our results of operations or financial condition.
Competition
Our largest competition comes from direct distribution, whereby a customer reaches a product volume level that justifies distribution directly from the manufacturer in order to obtain a lower price. Our major wholesale distribution competitor in both the United States and Canada is KeHE Distributors, LLC ("Kehe"). In addition to its natural and organic products, Kehe distributes specialty food products and markets its own private label program. We also compete in the United States and Canada with numerous smaller regional and local distributors of natural, organic, ethnic, kosher, gourmet and other specialty foods that focus on niche or regional markets, and with national, regional and local distributors of conventional groceries who have significantly expanded their natural

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and organic product offerings in recent years and companies that distribute to their own retail facilities. Our customers also compete with online retailers and distributors of natural and organic products that seek to sell products directly to customers.
We believe that distributors in the natural and specialty products industries primarily compete on distribution service levels, product quality, depth of inventory selection, price and quality of customer service. We believe that we currently compete effectively with respect to each of these factors.
Government Regulation
Our operations and many of the products that we distribute in the United States are subject to regulation by state and local health departments, the USDA and the United States Food and Drug Administration (the "FDA"), which generally impose standards for product quality and sanitation and are responsible for the administration of bioterrorism legislation. In the United States, our facilities generally are inspected at least once annually by state or federal authorities. For certain product lines, we are also subject to the Federal Meat Inspection Act, the Poultry Products Inspection Act, the Perishable Agricultural Commodities Act, the Packers and Stockyard Act and regulations promulgated by the USDA to interpret and implement these statutory provisions. The USDA imposes standards for product safety, quality and sanitation through the federal meat and poultry inspection program.
The FDA Food Safety Modernization Act ("FSMA"), represents a significant expansion of food safety requirements and FDA food safety authorities and, among other things, requires that the FDA impose comprehensive, prevention-based controls across the food supply chain, further regulates food products imported into the United States, and provides the FDA with mandatory recall authority. The FSMA requires the FDA to undertake numerous rulemakings and to issue numerous guidance documents, as well as reports, plans, standards, notices, and other tasks.
The Surface Transportation Board and the Federal Highway Administration regulate our trucking operations. In addition, interstate motor carrier operations are subject to safety requirements prescribed by the United States Department of Transportation and other relevant federal and state agencies. Such matters as weight and dimension of equipment are also subject to federal and state regulations.
Many of our facilities in the U.S. and in Canada are subject to various environmental protection statutes and regulations, including those relating to the use of water resources and the discharge of wastewater.  Further, many of our distribution facilities have ammonia-based refrigeration systems and tanks for the storage of diesel fuel, hydrogen fuel and other petroleum products which are subject to laws regulating such systems and storage tanks.  Moreover, in some of our facilities we, or third parties with whom we contract, perform vehicle maintenance. Our policy is to comply with all applicable environmental and safety legal requirements.  We are subject to other federal, state, provincial and local provisions relating to the protection of the environment or the discharge of materials; however, these provisions do not materially impact the use or operation of our facilities.
Employees
As of July 28, 2018, we had approximately 10,000 full and part-time employees, 725 of whom (approximately 7.3%) are covered by collective bargaining agreements. The following are the facilities which have collective bargaining agreements and the respective expiration dates of those agreements: Moreno Valley, California (March 2019), Edison, New Jersey (March 2019), Dayville, Connecticut (July 2019), West Sacramento, California (May 2020), Hudson Valley, New York (July 2020), Auburn, Washington (February 2021), Iowa City, Iowa (July 2021) and Concord, Ontario (March 2022). We have in the past been the focus of union-organizing efforts, and we believe it is likely that we will be the focus of similar efforts in the future.
In January 2018, the National Labor Relations Board certified the election results of our driver employees in Gilroy, California to be represented by the Teamsters union. We are in the process of negotiating a collective bargaining agreement with these employees.
Seasonality
Generally, we do not experience any material seasonality. However, our sales and operating results may vary significantly from quarter to quarter due to factors such as changes in our operating expenses, management's ability to execute our operating and growth strategies, personnel changes, demand for our products, supply shortages and general economic conditions.
Available Information
Our internet address is http://www.unfi.com. The contents of our website are not part of this Annual Report, and our internet address is included in this document as an inactive textual reference only. We make our Annual Report, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K and all amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act") available free of charge through our website as soon as reasonably practicable after we file such reports with, or furnish such reports to, the Securities and Exchange Commission.

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ITEM 1A.    RISK FACTORS
Our business, financial condition and results of operations are subject to various risks and uncertainties, including those described below and elsewhere in this Annual Report. This section discusses factors that, individually or in the aggregate, we think could cause our actual results to differ materially from expected and historical results. If any of the events described below occurs, our business, financial condition or results of operations could be materially adversely affected and our stock price could decline.
We provide these factors for investors as permitted by the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. You should understand that it is not possible to predict or identify all such factors. Consequently, you should not consider the following to be a complete discussion of all potential risks or uncertainties applicable to our business. See "Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Forward-Looking Statements."
We depend heavily on our principal customers and our success is heavily dependent on our principal customers' ability to grow their business.
Whole Foods Market accounted for approximately 37% of our net sales in fiscal 2018. We serve as the primary distributor of natural, organic and specialty non-perishable products, and also distribute certain specialty protein, cheese, deli items and products from health, beauty and supplement categories to Whole Foods Market in all of its regions in the United States under the terms of our distribution agreement which expires on September 28, 2025. Our ability to maintain a close, mutually beneficial relationship with Whole Foods Market, which was acquired by Amazon.com, Inc. in August 2017, is an important element to our continued growth.
The loss or cancellation of business from Whole Foods Market, including from increased self distribution to its own facilities, closures of its stores, reductions in the amount of products that Whole Foods Market sells to its customers, or our failure to comply with the terms of our distribution agreement with Whole Foods Market could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations. Similarly, if Whole Foods Market is not able to grow its business, including as a result of a reduction in the level of discretionary spending by its customers or competition from other retailers or if Whole Foods Market diverts purchases from us beyond minimum amounts it is required to purchase under our distribution agreement, our business, financial condition or results of operations may be materially and adversely affected. Additionally, given the growth acceleration we have experienced in fiscal 2018, if Whole Foods Market were to only purchase the minimum purchase amounts, it would negatively impact our financials results.
In addition to our dependence on Whole Foods Market, we are also dependent upon sales to our supermarket customers. Net sales to these customers accounted for approximately 28% of our total net sales in fiscal 2018. To the extent that customers in this group make decisions to utilize alternative sources of products, whether through other distributors or through self distribution, our business, financial condition or results of operations may be materially and adversely affected.
Our business is a low margin business and our profit margins may decrease due to consolidation in the grocery industry and our focus on sales to the supermarkets channel.
The grocery distribution industry generally is characterized by relatively high volume of sales with relatively low profit margins. The continuing consolidation of retailers in the natural products industry and the growth of supernatural chains may reduce our profit margins in the future as more customers qualify for greater volume discounts, and we experience pricing pressures from suppliers and retailers. Sales to customers within our supernatural and supermarkets channels generate a lower gross margin than do sales to our independents channel customers. Many of these customers, including our largest customer, have agreements with us that include volume discounts. As the amounts these customers purchase from us increase, the price that they pay for the products they purchase is reduced, putting downward pressure on our gross margins on these sales. To compensate for these lower gross margins, we must increase the amount of products we sell or reduce the expenses we incur to service these customers. If we are unable to reduce our expenses as a percentage of net sales, including our expenses related to servicing this lower gross margin business, our business, financial condition or results of operations could be materially and adversely impacted.
We may have difficulty managing our growth.
The growth in the size of our business and operations has placed, and is expected to continue to place, a significant strain on our management. Our future growth may be limited by strong growth by certain of our largest customers or our inability to retain existing customers, make acquisitions, successfully integrate acquired entities or significant new customers, implement information systems initiatives, acquire or timely construct new distribution centers, expand our existing distribution centers, or adequately manage our personnel. Our future growth is limited in part by the size and location of our distribution centers. As we near maximum utilization of a given facility or maximize our processing capacity, operations may be constrained and inefficiencies have been and may be created, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations unless the facility is expanded, volume is shifted to another facility or additional processing capacity is added. Conversely, if we add additional facilities, expand existing operations or facilities, or fail to retain existing business, excess capacity may be created. Any excess capacity

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may also create inefficiencies and adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations, including as a result of incurring additional operating costs for these facilities before demand for products to be supplied from these facilities rises to a level sufficient to cover these additional costs. We cannot assure you that we will be able to successfully expand our existing distribution centers or open new distribution centers in new or existing markets if needed to accommodate or facilitate growth. Even if we are able to expand our distribution network, our ability to compete effectively and to manage future growth, if any, will depend on our ability to continue to implement and improve operational, financial and management information systems, including our warehouse management systems, on a timely basis and to expand, train, motivate and manage our work force. We cannot assure you that our existing personnel, systems, procedures and controls will be adequate to support the future growth of our operations. Our inability to manage our growth effectively could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.
Our customers generally are not obligated to continue purchasing products from us and larger customers that do have multiyear contracts with us may terminate these contracts early in certain situations or choose not to renew or extend the contract at its expiration.
Many of our customers buy from us under purchase orders, and we generally do not have written agreements with or long-term commitments from these customers for the purchase of products. We cannot assure you that these customers will maintain or increase their sales volumes or orders for the products supplied by us or that we will be able to maintain or add to our existing customer base. Decreases in our volumes or orders for products supplied by us for these customers with whom we do not have a long-term contract may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.
We may have contracts with certain of our customers (as is the case with many of our conventional supermarket customers and our supernatural chain customer) that obligate the customer to buy products from us for a particular period of time. Even in this case, the contracts may not require the customer to purchase a minimum amount of products from us or the contracts may afford the customer better pricing in the event that the volume of the customer’s purchases exceeds certain levels. If these customers were to terminate these contracts prior to their scheduled termination, or if we or the customer elected not to renew or extend the term of the contract at its expiration at historical purchase levels, it may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations, including additional operational expenses to transition out of the business or to adjust our staffing levels to account for the reduction in net sales.
Our operating results are subject to significant fluctuations.
Our operating results may vary significantly from period to period due to:
demand for our products, including fluctuations as a result of calendar year-end holidays;
changes in our operating expenses, including fuel and insurance expenses;
management's ability to execute our business and growth strategies;
changes in customer preferences, including levels of enthusiasm for health, fitness and environmental issues;
public perception of the benefits of natural and organic products when compared to similar conventional products;
fluctuation of natural product prices due to competitive pressures;
the addition or loss of significant customers;
personnel changes;
general economic conditions, including inflation;
supply shortages, including a lack of an adequate supply of high-quality livestock or agricultural products due to poor growing conditions, water shortages, natural disasters or otherwise;
volatility in prices of high-quality livestock or agricultural products resulting from poor growing conditions, water shortages, weather, natural disasters or otherwise;
contractual adjustments, disputes, or modifications with our suppliers or customers;
shortage of qualified labor which could potentially increase labor costs, reduce profitability or decrease our ability to effectively serve customers; and
future acquisitions, particularly in periods immediately following the consummation of such acquisition transactions while the operations of the acquired businesses are being integrated into our operations.
Due to the foregoing factors, we believe that period-to-period comparisons of our operating results may not necessarily be meaningful and that such comparisons cannot be relied upon as indicators of future performance.

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We have significant competition from a variety of sources.
We operate in competitive markets and our future success will be largely dependent on our ability to provide quality products and services at competitive prices. Bidding for contracts or arrangements with customers, particularly within the supernatural and supermarkets channels, is highly competitive and we may market our services to a particular customer over a long period of time before we are invited to bid. Our competition comes from a variety of sources, including other distributors of natural products as well as specialty grocery and mass market grocery distributors and retail customers that have their own distribution channels. Mass market grocery distributors in recent years have increased their emphasis on natural and organic products and are now competing more directly with us. In addition, many supermarket chains have increased self-distribution of particular items that we sell or have increased their purchases of particular items that we sell directly from suppliers. New competitors are also entering our markets as barriers to entry for new competitors are relatively low. For instance, more natural and organic products are being sold in convenience stores and other mass market retailers than was the case a few years ago and many of these customers are being serviced by conventional distributors or are self-distributing. Some of the mass market grocery distributors with whom we compete may have been in business longer than we have, may have substantially greater financial and other resources than we have and may be better established in their markets. We also face indirect competition as a result of the fact that our customers with physical locations face competition from online retailers and distributors that seek to sell certain of the type of products we sell to our customers directly to consumers. We cannot assure you that our current or potential competitors will not provide products or services comparable or superior to those provided by us or adapt more quickly than we do to evolving industry trends or changing market requirements. It is also possible that alliances among competitors may develop and that competitors may rapidly acquire significant market share or that certain of our customers will increase distribution to their own retail facilities. Increased competition may result in price reductions, reduced gross margins, lost business and loss of market share, any of which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.
We cannot provide assurance that we will be able to compete effectively against current and future competitors.
We may not realize the anticipated benefits from our acquisitions, including, in particular, our proposed acquisition of SUPERVALU.
We cannot assure you that our prior acquisitions or our proposed acquisition of SUPERVALU or any future acquisitions will enhance our financial performance. Our ability to achieve the expected benefits of these acquisitions will depend on, among other things, our ability to effectively translate our business strategies into a new set of products, our ability to retain and assimilate the acquired businesses' employees, our ability to retain customers and suppliers on terms similar to those in place with the acquired businesses, our ability to expand the products we offer in many of our markets to include the products distributed by these businesses, our ability to expand into new markets to include markets of the acquired business, the adequacy of our implementation plans, our ability to maintain our financial and internal controls and systems as we expand our operations, the ability of our management to oversee and operate effectively the combined operations and our ability to achieve desired operating efficiencies and sales goals. The integration of the businesses that we acquired might also cause us to incur unforeseen costs, which would lower our future earnings and would prevent us from realizing the expected benefits of these acquisitions. Failure to achieve these anticipated benefits could result in decreases in the amount of expected revenues and diversion of management’s time and energy and could materially and adversely impact our business, financial condition and operating results including, ultimately, a reduction in our stock price.
Our investment in information technology may not result in the anticipated benefits.
In our attempt to reduce operating expenses and increase operating efficiencies, we have invested in the development and implementation of new information technology. We are in the process of rolling out a national warehouse management and procurement system to convert our existing facilities into a single warehouse management and supply chain platform and have completed conversions at fifteen of our facilities. In light of the proposed acquisition of SUPERVALU, we are reevaluating our warehouse management system strategy. However, we currently plan to remain focused on the automation of our new or expanded distribution centers that are at different stages of construction. We may not be able to implement these technological changes in the time frame that we have planned and delays in implementation could negatively impact our business, financial condition or results of operations. In addition, the costs to make these changes may exceed our estimates and will exceed the benefits during the early stages of implementation. Even if we are able to implement the changes in accordance with our current plans, and within our current cost estimates, we may not be able to achieve the expected efficiencies and cost savings from this investment, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. Moreover, as we implement information technology enhancements, disruptions in our business may be created (including disruption with our customers) which may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.
Our business strategy of increasing our sales of fresh, perishable items, which we accelerated with our acquisitions of Tony’s, Global Organic and Nor-Cal, may not produce the results that we expect.

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A key element of our current growth strategy is to increase the amount of fresh, perishable products that we distribute. We believe that the ability to distribute these products that are typically found in the perimeter of our customers’ stores, in addition to the products we have historically distributed, will differentiate us from our competitors and increase demand for our products. We accelerated this strategy with our acquisitions of Tony’s, Global Organic and Nor-Cal. If we are unable to grow this portion of our business and manage that growth effectively, our business, financial condition and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected.
Failure by us to develop and operate a reliable technology platform could negatively impact our business.
Our ability to decrease costs and increase profits, as well as our ability to serve customers most effectively, depends on the reliability of our technology platform. We use software and other technology systems, among other things, to generate and select orders, to load and route trucks and to monitor and manage our business on a day-to-day basis. Failure to have adequate computer systems across the enterprise and any disruption to these computer systems could adversely impact our customer service, decrease the volume of our business and result in increased costs negatively affecting our business, financial condition or results of operations.
We have experienced losses due to the uncollectability of accounts receivable in the past and could experience increases in such losses in the future if our customers are unable to timely pay their debts to us.
Certain of our customers have from time to time experienced bankruptcy, insolvency and/or an inability to pay their debts to us as they come due. If our customers suffer significant financial difficulty, they may be unable to pay their debts to us timely or at all, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. It is possible that customers may reject their contractual obligations to us under bankruptcy laws or otherwise. Significant customer bankruptcies could further adversely affect our revenues and increase our operating expenses by requiring larger provisions for bad debt. In addition, even when our contracts with these customers are not rejected, if customers are unable to meet their obligations on a timely basis, it could adversely affect our ability to collect receivables. Further, we may have to negotiate significant discounts and/or extended financing terms with these customers in such a situation, each of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. During periods of economic weakness, small to medium-sized businesses, like many of our independents channel customers, may be impacted more severely and more quickly than larger businesses. Similarly, these smaller businesses may be more likely to be more severely impacted by events outside of their control, like significant weather events. Consequently, the ability of such businesses to repay their obligations to us may deteriorate, and in some cases this deterioration may occur quickly, which could materially and adversely impact our business, financial condition or results of operations.
Our acquisition strategy may adversely affect our business.
A portion of our past growth has been achieved through acquisitions of, or mergers with, other distributors of natural, organic and specialty products. We also continually evaluate opportunities to acquire other companies. We believe that there are risks related to acquiring companies, including an inability to successfully identify suitable acquisition candidates or consummate such potential acquisitions. To the extent that our future growth includes acquisitions, we cannot assure you that we will not overpay for acquisitions, lose key employees of acquired companies, or fail to achieve potential synergies or expansion into new markets as a result of our acquisitions. Therefore, future acquisitions, if any, may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations, particularly in periods immediately following the consummation of those transactions while the operations of the acquired business are being integrated with our operations. Achieving the benefits of acquisitions depends on timely, efficient and successful execution of a number of post-acquisition events, including, among other things:
maintaining the customer and supplier base;
optimizing delivery routes;
coordinating administrative, distribution and finance functions; and
integrating management information systems and personnel.
The integration process could divert the attention of management. Any difficulties or problems encountered in the transition process could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. In particular, the integration process may temporarily redirect resources previously focused on reducing product cost and operating expenses, resulting in lower gross profits in relation to sales. In addition, the process of combining companies could cause the interruption of, or a loss of momentum and operating profits in, the activities of the respective businesses, which could have an adverse effect on their combined operations.
In connection with acquisitions of businesses in the future, if any, we may decide to consolidate the operations of any acquired businesses with our existing operations or make other changes with respect to the acquired businesses, which could result in special charges or other expenses. Our results of operations also may be adversely affected by expenses we incur in making acquisitions, by amortization of acquisition-related intangible assets with definite lives and by additional depreciation and amortization attributable to acquired assets. Any of the businesses we acquire may also have liabilities or adverse operating issues, including

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some that we fail to discover before the acquisition, and our indemnity for such liabilities may also be limited. Additionally, our ability to make any future acquisitions may depend upon obtaining additional financing. We may not be able to obtain additional financing on acceptable terms or at all. To the extent that we seek to acquire other businesses in exchange for our common stock, fluctuations in our stock price could have a material adverse effect on our ability to complete acquisitions.
Impairment charges for goodwill or other long-lived assets could adversely affect the Company’s financial condition and results of operations.
We monitor the recoverability of our long-lived assets, such as buildings and equipment, and evaluate their carrying value for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of such assets may not be fully recoverable. We annually review goodwill to determine if impairment has occurred. Additionally, interim reviews are performed whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that impairment may have occurred. If the testing performed indicates that impairment has occurred, we are required to record a non-cash impairment charge for the difference between the carrying value and fair value of the long-lived assets or the carrying value and fair value of the reporting unit, in the period the determination is made. The testing of long-lived assets and goodwill for impairment requires us to make estimates that are subject to significant assumptions about our future revenue, profitability, cash flows, fair value of assets and liabilities, weighted average cost of capital, as well as other assumptions. Changes in these estimates, or changes in actual performance compared with these estimates, may affect the fair value of long-lived assets or reporting unit, which may result in an impairment charge.
We cannot accurately predict the amount or timing of any impairment of assets. Should the value of long-lived assets or goodwill become impaired, our financial condition and results of operations may be adversely affected.
Our operations are sensitive to economic downturns.
The grocery industry is sensitive to national and regional economic conditions and the demand for the products that we distribute, particularly our specialty products, may be adversely affected from time to time by economic downturns that impact consumer spending, including discretionary spending. Future economic conditions such as employment levels, business conditions, housing starts, interest rates, inflation rates, energy and fuel costs and tax rates could reduce consumer spending or change consumer purchasing habits. Among these changes could be a reduction in the number of natural and organic products that consumers purchase where there are non-organic, which we refer to as conventional, alternatives, given that many natural and organic products, and particularly natural and organic foods, often have higher retail prices than do their conventional counterparts.
Our business may be sensitive to inflationary and deflationary pressures.
Many of our sales are at prices that are based on our product cost plus a percentage markup. As a result, volatile food costs have a direct impact upon our profitability. Prolonged periods of product cost inflation and periods of rapidly increasing inflation may have a negative impact on our profit margins and results of operations to the extent that we are unable to pass on all or a portion of such product cost increases to our customers. In addition, product cost inflation may negatively impact the consumer discretionary spending trends of our customers' customers, which could adversely affect our sales. Conversely, because many of our sales are at prices that are based upon product cost plus a percentage markup, our profit levels may be negatively impacted during periods of product cost deflation even though our gross profit as a percentage of net sales may remain relatively constant. To compensate for lower gross margins, we, in turn, must reduce expenses that we incur to service our customers. If we are unable to reduce our expenses as a percentage of net sales, our business, financial condition or results of operations could be materially and adversely impacted.
Product liability claims could have an adverse effect on our business.
We face an inherent risk of exposure to product liability claims if the products we manufacture or sell cause injury or illness. In addition, meat, seafood, cheese, poultry and other products that we distribute could be subject to recall because they are, or are alleged to be, contaminated, spoiled or inappropriately labeled. Our meat and poultry products may be subject to contamination by disease-producing organisms, or pathogens, such as Listeria monocytogenesSalmonella and generic E.coli. These pathogens are generally found in the environment, and as a result, there is a risk that they, as a result of food processing, could be present in the meat and poultry products we distribute. These pathogens can also be introduced as a result of improper handling at the consumer level. These risks may be controlled, although not eliminated, by adherence to good manufacturing practices and finished product testing. We have little, if any, control over proper handling before we receive the product or once the product has been shipped to our customers. We may be subject to liability, which could be substantial, because of actual or alleged contamination in products manufactured or sold by us, including products sold by companies before we acquired them. In addition, if we were to manufacture or distribute foods that are or are perceived to be contaminated, any resulting product recalls could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, or results of operations. We have, and the companies we have acquired have had, liability insurance with respect to product liability claims. This insurance may not continue to be available at a reasonable cost or at all, and may not be adequate to cover product liability claims against us or against companies we have acquired. We generally

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seek contractual indemnification from manufacturers, but any such indemnification is limited, as a practical matter, to the creditworthiness of the indemnifying party. If we or any of our acquired companies do not have adequate insurance or contractual indemnification available, product liability claims and costs associated with product recalls, including a loss of business, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.
Changes in consumer eating habits could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, or results of operations.
Changes in consumer eating habits away from natural, organic or specialty products could reduce demand for our products. Consumer eating habits could be affected by a number of factors, including changes in attitudes regarding benefits of natural and organic products when compared to similar conventional products or new information regarding the health effects of consuming certain foods. Although there is a growing consumer preference for sustainable, organic and locally grown products, there can be no assurance that such trend will continue. Changing consumer eating habits also occur due to generational shifts. Millennials, the largest demographic group in the U.S. in terms of spend, seek new and different as well as more ethnic menu options and menu innovation, however there can be no assurance that such trend will continue. If consumer eating habits change significantly, we may be required to modify or discontinue sales of certain items in our product portfolio, and we may experience higher costs associated with the implementation of those changes. Additionally if we are not able to effectively respond to changes in consumer perceptions or adapt our product offerings to trends in eating habits, our business, financial condition or results of operations could suffer.
Increased fuel costs may adversely affect our results of operations.
Increased fuel costs may have a negative impact on our results of operations. The high cost of diesel fuel can increase the price we pay for products as well as the costs we incur to deliver products to our customers. These factors, in turn, may negatively impact our net sales, margins, operating expenses and operating results. To manage this risk, we have in the past periodically entered, and may in the future periodically enter, into heating oil derivative contracts to hedge a portion of our projected diesel fuel requirements. Heating crude oil prices have a highly correlated relationship to diesel fuel prices, making these derivatives effective in offsetting changes in the cost of diesel fuel. We are not party to any commodity swap agreements and, as a result, our exposure to volatility in the price of diesel fuel has increased relative to our exposure to volatility in prior periods in which we had outstanding heating oil derivative contracts. We do not enter into fuel hedge contracts for speculative purposes. We have in the past, and may in the future, periodically enter into forward purchase commitments for a portion of our projected monthly diesel fuel requirements at fixed prices. As of July 28, 2018, we had no forward diesel fuel commitments. We also maintain a fuel surcharge program which allows us to pass some of our higher fuel costs through to our customers. We cannot guarantee that we will continue to be able to pass a comparable proportion or any of our higher fuel costs to our customers in the future, which may adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.
Disruption of our distribution network or to the operations of our customers could adversely affect our business.
Damage or disruption to our distribution capabilities due to weather, natural disaster, fire, terrorism, pandemic, strikes, the financial and/or operational instability of key suppliers, or other reasons could impair our ability to distribute our products. To the extent that we are unable, or it is not financially feasible, to mitigate the likelihood or potential impact of such events, or to manage effectively such events if they occur, there could be an adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.
In addition, such disruptions may reduce the number of consumers who visit our customers’ facilities in any affected areas. Furthermore, such disruption may interrupt or impede access to our customers’ facilities, all of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, or results of operations.
The cost of the capital available to us and limitations on our ability to access additional capital may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.
Historically, acquisitions and capital expenditures have been a large component of our growth. We anticipate that acquisitions and capital expenditures will continue to be important to our growth in the future. As a result, increases in the cost of capital available to us, which could result from us not being in compliance with fixed charge coverage ratio covenants or other restrictive covenants under our debt agreements, including our Existing ABL Loan Agreement, our Existing Term Loan Agreement (as defined below) and the debt agreements we expect to enter into in connection with the SUPERVALU acquisition, or our inability to access additional capital to finance acquisitions and capital expenditures through borrowed funds could restrict our ability to grow our business organically or through acquisitions, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

In addition, our profit margins depend on strategic investment buying initiatives, such as discounted bulk purchases, which require spending significant amounts of working capital up-front to purchase products that we then sell over a multi-month time period. Therefore, increases in the cost of capital available to us or our inability to access additional capital through borrowed funds could

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restrict our ability to engage in strategic investment buying initiatives, which could reduce our profit margins and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.
We expect to substantially increase our level of debt in connection with the proposed acquisition of SUPERVALU which will make us more sensitive to the effects of economic downturns and could adversely affect our business.
In order to finance the proposed acquisition of SUPERVALU, we expect to incur up to $3.50 billion of additional indebtedness, including indebtedness to be incurred to refinance SUPERVALU's existing debt. This increase in our leverage, and any further increase, could have important potential consequences, including, but not limited to:
increasing our vulnerability to, and reducing our flexibility to plan for and respond to, general adverse economic and industry conditions and changes in our business and the competitive environment;
requiring the dedication of a substantial portion of our cash flow from operations to the payment of principal of, and interest on, indebtedness, thereby reducing the availability of such cash flow to fund working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions, share repurchases or other corporate purposes;
increasing our vulnerability to a downgrade of our credit rating, which could adversely affect our cost of funds, liquidity and access to capital markets;
restricting us from making strategic acquisitions or causing us to make non-strategic divestitures;
increasing our exposure to the risk of increased interest rates insofar as current and future borrowings are subject to variable rates of interest;
making it more difficult for us to repay, refinance or satisfy our obligations with respect to our debt;
limiting our ability to borrow additional funds in the future and increasing the cost of any such borrowing;
placing us at a competitive disadvantage compared to competitors with less leverage or better access to capital resources, and
imposing restrictive covenants on our operations, which, if not complied with, could result in an event of default, which in turn, if not cured or waived, could result in the acceleration of the applicable debt, and may result in the acceleration of any other debt to which a cross-acceleration or cross-default provision applies.

There is no assurance that we will generate cash flow from operations or that future debt or equity financings will be available to us to enable us to pay our indebtedness or to fund other needs. As a result, we may need to refinance all or a portion of our indebtedness on or before maturity. There is no assurance that we will be able to refinance any of our indebtedness on favorable terms, or at all. Any inability to generate sufficient cash flow or refinance our indebtedness on favorable terms could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.
Our debt agreements contain restrictive covenants that may limit our operating flexibility.
Our debt agreements, including our Existing ABL Loan Agreement and our Existing Term Loan Agreement (as defined below) contain, and the debt agreements we expect to enter into in connection with the SUPERVALU acquisition will contain, financial covenants and other restrictions that limit our operating flexibility, limit our flexibility in planning for or reacting to changes in our business. These restrictions may prevent us from taking actions that we believe would be in the best interest of our business, and may make it difficult for us to successfully execute our business strategy or effectively compete with companies that are not similarly restricted.
In addition, our Existing ABL Loan Agreement and Existing Term Loan Agreement each require, and the debt agreements we expect to enter into in connection with the SUPERVALU acquisition will require, that we comply with various financial tests and impose certain restrictions on us, including among other things, restrictions on our ability to incur additional indebtedness, create liens on assets, make loans or investments or pay dividends. Failure to comply with these covenants could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.
Conditions beyond our control can interrupt our supplies and alter our product costs.
The majority of our suppliers are based in the United States and Canada, but we also source products from suppliers throughout Europe, Asia, Central America, South America, Africa and Australia. For the most part, we do not have long-term contracts with our suppliers committing them to provide products to us. Although our purchasing volume can provide benefits when dealing with suppliers, suppliers may not provide the products needed by us in the quantities and at the prices requested. We are also subject to delays caused by interruption in production and increases in product costs based on conditions outside of our control. These conditions include work slowdowns, work interruptions, strikes or other job actions by employees of suppliers, short-term weather conditions or more prolonged climate change, crop conditions, product recalls, water shortages, transportation interruptions, unavailability of fuel or increases in fuel costs, competitive demands, raw material shortages and natural disasters or other catastrophic events (including, but not limited to food-borne illnesses). As demand for natural and organic products has increased and the distribution channels into which these products are sold have expanded, we have continued to experience higher levels of

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manufacturer out-of-stocks. These shortages have caused us to incur higher operating expenses due to the cost of moving products around and between our distribution facilities in order to keep our service level high. We cannot be sure when this trend will end or whether it will recur during future years. As the consumer demand for natural and organic products has increased, certain retailers and other producers have entered the market and attempted to buy certain raw materials directly, limiting their availability to be used in certain supplier products. Further, increased frequency or duration of extreme weather conditions could also impair production capabilities, disrupt our supply chain or impact demand for our products, including the specialty protein and cheese products sold by Tony's. For example, until the last two years, weather patterns had resulted in lower than normal levels of precipitation in key agricultural states such as California, impacting the price of water and corresponding prices of food products grown in states facing drought conditions. The impact of sustained droughts is uncertain and could result in volatile input costs. Input costs could increase at any point in time for a large portion of the products that we sell for a prolonged period. Conversely, in years where rainfall levels are abundant product costs, particularly in our perishable and produce businesses, may decline and the results of this product cost deflation could negatively impact our results of operations. Our inability to obtain adequate products as a result of any of the foregoing factors or otherwise could prevent us from fulfilling our obligations to customers, and customers may turn to other distributors. In that case, our business, financial condition or results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.
Changes in relationships with our suppliers may adversely affect our profitability.
We cooperatively engage in a variety of promotional programs with our suppliers. We manage these programs to maintain or improve our margins and increase sales. A reduction or change in promotional spending by our suppliers (including as a result of increased demand for natural and organic products) could have a significant impact on our profitability. We depend heavily on our ability to purchase merchandise in sufficient quantities at competitive prices. We have no assurances of continued supply, pricing, or access to new products and any supplier could at any time change the terms upon which it sells to us or discontinue selling to us.
We are subject to significant governmental regulation.
Our business is highly regulated at the federal, state and local levels and our products and distribution operations require various licenses, permits and approvals. In particular:
the products that we distribute in the United States are subject to inspection by the FDA;
our warehouse and distribution centers are subject to inspection by the USDA and state health authorities; and
the United States Department of Transportation and the United States Federal Highway Administration regulate our United States trucking operations.
Our Canadian operations are similarly subject to extensive regulation, including the English and French dual labeling requirements applicable to products that we distribute in Canada. The loss or revocation of any existing licenses, permits or approvals or the failure to obtain any additional licenses, permits or approvals in new jurisdictions where we intend to do business could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. In addition, as a distributor and manufacturer of natural, organic, and specialty foods, we are subject to increasing governmental scrutiny of and public awareness regarding food safety and the sale, packaging and marketing of natural and organic products. Compliance with these laws may impose a significant burden on our operations. Additionally, concern over climate change, including the impact of global warming, has led to significant United States and international legislative and regulatory efforts to limit greenhouse gas emissions. Increased regulation regarding greenhouse gas emissions, especially diesel engine emissions, could impose substantial costs on us. These costs include an increase in the cost of the fuel and other energy we purchase and capital costs associated with updating or replacing our vehicles prematurely. Until the timing, scope and extent of such regulation becomes known, we cannot predict its effect on our results of operations. It is reasonably possible, however, that it could impose material costs on us which we may be unable to pass on to our customers.
The failure to comply with applicable regulatory requirements, including those referred to above and in Item 1. Business—Government Regulation, could result in, among other things, administrative, civil, or criminal penalties or fines, mandatory or voluntary product recalls, warning or other letters, cease and desist orders against operations that are not in compliance, closure of facilities or operations, the loss, revocation, or modification of any existing licenses, permits, registrations, or approvals, or the failure to obtain additional licenses, permits, registrations, or approvals in new jurisdictions where we intend to do business, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, or results of operations. These laws and regulations may change in the future and we may incur material costs in our efforts to comply with current or future laws and regulations or due to any required product recalls.
In addition, if we fail to comply with applicable laws and regulations or encounter disagreements with respect to our contracts subject to governmental regulations, including those referred to above, we may be subject to investigations, criminal sanctions or civil remedies, including fines, injunctions, prohibitions on exporting, seizures, or debarments from contracting with the U.S. or

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Canadian governments.  The cost of compliance or the consequences of non-compliance, including debarments, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.  In addition, governmental units may make changes in the regulatory frameworks within which we operate that may require either the corporation as a whole or individual businesses to incur substantial increases in costs in order to comply with such laws and regulations.
A cybersecurity incident and other technology disruptions could negatively impact our business and our relationships with customers. 
We use computers in substantially all aspects of our business operations.  We also use mobile devices, social networking and other online activities to connect with our employees, suppliers, business partners and our customers.  Such uses give rise to cybersecurity risks, including security breach, espionage, system disruption, theft and inadvertent release of information.  Our business involves the storage and transmission of numerous classes of sensitive and/or confidential information and intellectual property, including customers’ and suppliers' personal information, private information about employees, and financial and strategic information about the Company and its business partners.  Further, as we pursue our strategy to grow through acquisitions and to pursue new initiatives that improve our operations and cost structure, we are also expanding and improving our information technologies, resulting in a larger technological presence and corresponding exposure to cybersecurity risk.  If we fail to assess and identify cybersecurity risks associated with acquisitions and new initiatives, we may become increasingly vulnerable to such risks.  Additionally, while we have implemented measures to prevent security breaches and cyber incidents, our preventative measures and incident response efforts may not be entirely effective.  The theft, destruction, loss, misappropriation, or release of sensitive and/or confidential information or intellectual property, or interference with our information technology systems or the technology systems of third parties on which we rely, could result in business disruption, negative publicity, brand damage, violation of privacy laws, loss of customers, potential liability and competitive disadvantage all of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.
We face risks related to labor relations.

As of July 28, 2018, approximately 7.3% of our employees were covered by collective bargaining agreements which expire between March 2019 and March 2022. See "Item 1. Business—Employees" for further detail. If we are not able to renew these agreements or are required to make significant changes to these agreements, our relationship with these employees may become fractured, work stoppages could occur or we may incur additional expenses which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, or results of operations. We have in the past been the focus of union-organizing efforts, and we believe it is likely that we will be the focus of similar efforts in the future.
As we increase our employee base and broaden our distribution operations to new geographic markets, our increased visibility could result in increased or expanded union-organizing efforts. In the event we are unable to negotiate contract renewals with our union associates, we could be subject to work stoppages. In that event, it would be necessary for us to hire replacement workers to continue to meet our obligations to our customers. The costs to hire replacement workers and employ effective security measures could negatively impact the profitability of any affected facility. Depending on the length of time that we are required to employ replacement workers and security measures these costs could be significant and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.
In January 2018, the National Labor Relations Board certified the election results of our driver employees in Gilroy, California to be represented by the Teamsters union. We are in the process of negotiating a collective bargaining agreement with these employees. The terms of this agreement could cause our expenses at this facility to increase, negatively impacting the results of operations at this facility.
We may fail to establish sufficient insurance reserves and adequately estimate for future workers' compensation and automobile liabilities.
We are primarily self-insured for workers' compensation and general and automobile liability insurance. We believe that our workers' compensation and automobile insurance coverage is customary for businesses of our size and type. However, there are types of losses we may incur that cannot be insured against or that we believe are not commercially reasonable to insure. These losses, should they occur, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. In addition, the cost of workers' compensation insurance and automobile insurance fluctuates based upon our historical trends, market conditions and availability.
Any projection of losses concerning workers' compensation and automobile insurance is subject to a considerable degree of variability. Among the causes of this variability are unpredictable external factors affecting litigation trends, benefit level changes and claim settlement patterns. If actual losses incurred are greater than those anticipated, our reserves may be insufficient and additional costs could be recorded in our consolidated financial statements. If we suffer a substantial loss that is not covered by

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our self-insurance reserves, the loss and attendant expenses could harm our business, financial condition or results of operations. We have purchased stop loss coverage from third parties, which limits our exposure above the amounts we have self-insured.
Adverse judgments or settlements resulting from legal proceedings in which we may be involved in the normal course of our business could reduce our profits or limit our ability to operate our business.
In the normal course of our business, we are involved in various legal proceedings. The outcome of these proceedings cannot be predicted. If any of these proceedings were to be determined adversely to us or a settlement involving a payment of a material sum of money were to occur, it could materially and adversely affect our results of operations or ability to operate our business. Additionally, we could become the subject of future claims by third parties, including our employees, our investors, or regulators. Any significant adverse judgments or settlements would reduce our profits and could limit our ability to operate our business. Further, we may incur costs related to claims for which we have appropriate third-party indemnity, but such third parties fail to fulfill their contractual obligations.
ITEM 1B.    UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
None.
ITEM 2.    PROPERTIES
We maintained thirty-three distribution centers at July 28, 2018 which were utilized by our wholesale segment. These facilities, including offsite storage space, consisted of an aggregate of approximately 8.8 million square feet of storage space, which we believe represents the largest capacity of any distributor within the United States that is principally engaged in the distribution of natural, organic and specialty products.
Set forth below for each of our distribution centers is its location and the expiration of leases as of July 28, 2018 for those distribution centers that we do not own.

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Location
 
Square Footage
(Approximate in thousands)
 
Lease Expiration
Atlanta, Georgia*
 
304

 
Owned
Auburn, California*
 
126

 
Owned
Auburn, Washington
 
323

 
August 2019
Aurora, Colorado
 
483

 
October 2033
Burnaby, British Columbia
 
41

 
December 2022
Charlotte, North Carolina
 
43

 
September 2019
Chesterfield, New Hampshire*
 
272

 
Owned
Dayville, Connecticut*
 
292

 
Owned
Gilroy, California
 
411

 
Owned
Greenwood, Indiana*
 
293

 
Owned
Howell Township, New Jersey
 
387

 
Owned
Hudson Valley, New York*
 
476

 
Owned
Iowa City, Iowa*
 
249

 
Owned
Lancaster, Texas
 
454

 
July 2020
Logan Township, New Jersey
 
70

 
March 2028
Montreal, Quebec
 
31

 
July 2019
Moreno Valley, California
 
596

 
July 2023
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
 
100

 
January 2020
Prescott, Wisconsin
 
269

 
Owned
Racine, Wisconsin*
 
410

 
Owned
Richburg, South Carolina
 
336

 
Owned
Richmond, British Columbia
 
96

 
August 2022
Ridgefield, Washington
 
30

 
September 2019
Ridgefield, Washington*
 
220

 
Owned
Rocklin, California*
 
439

 
Owned
Sarasota, Florida
 
641

 
July 2022
Truckee, California
 
6

 
August 2020
Vaughan, Ontario
 
180

 
November 2021
Vernon, California*
 
30

 
Owned
West Sacramento, California
 
192

 
Owned
West Sacramento, California
 
85

 
Owned
York, Pennsylvania
 
650

 
May 2020
Yuba City, California
 
224

 
September 2021
*The properties noted above are mortgaged under and encumbered by our Existing Term Loan Agreement initially entered into on August 14, 2014.
During fiscal 2018, we disposed of our Earth Origins retail business. We operate one retail store at our Corporate headquarters in Providence, Rhode Island. We also lease a processing and manufacturing facility in Edison, New Jersey for our manufacturing and branded products division with a lease expiration date of July 31, 2023.
We lease office space in San Francisco, California; Santa Cruz, California; Chesterfield, New Hampshire; Uniondale, New York; Brooklyn, New York; Richmond, Virginia; Wayne, Pennsylvania; Lincoln, Rhode Island, the site of our shared services center; and Providence, Rhode Island, the site of our corporate headquarters. Our leases have been entered into upon terms that we believe to be reasonable and customary.

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ITEM 3.    LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
From time to time, we are involved in routine litigation or other legal proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of our business. There are no pending material legal proceedings to which we are a party or to which our property is subject.
ITEM 4.    MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not applicable.

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PART II.
ITEM 5.    MARKET FOR THE REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
Our common stock is traded on the Nasdaq Global Select Market® under the symbol "UNFI."
The following table sets forth, for the fiscal periods indicated, the high and low sale prices per share of our common stock on the Nasdaq Global Select Market®:
Fiscal 2018
 
High
 
Low
First Quarter
 
$
44.94

 
$
32.52

Second Quarter
 
52.69

 
38.04

Third Quarter
 
49.81

 
40.88

Fourth Quarter
 
47.73

 
32.03

 
 
 
 
 
Fiscal 2017
 
 

 
 
First Quarter
 
$
50.06

 
$
38.55

Second Quarter
 
49.39

 
40.81

Third Quarter
 
45.99

 
39.47

Fourth Quarter
 
42.38

 
34.60

On July 28, 2018, we had 74 stockholders of record. The number of record holders is not representative of the number of beneficial holders of our common stock because depositories, brokers or other nominees hold many shares.
We have never declared or paid any cash dividends on our capital stock. We anticipate that all of our earnings in the foreseeable future will be retained to finance the continued growth and development of our business, and we have no current intention to pay cash dividends. Our future dividend policy will depend on our earnings, capital requirements and financial condition, requirements of the financing agreements to which we are then a party and other factors considered relevant by our Board of Directors. Additionally, our Existing ABL Loan Agreement and Existing Term Loan Agreement contain, and the debt agreements we expect to enter into in connection with the SUPERVALU acquisition will contain, terms that restrict us from making any cash dividends unless certain conditions and financial tests are met.
Comparative Stock Performance
The graph below compares the cumulative total stockholder return on our common stock for the last five fiscal years with the cumulative total return on (i) an index of Food Distributors and Wholesalers and (ii) The NASDAQ Composite Index. The comparison assumes the investment of $100 on August 3, 2013 in our common stock and in each of the indices and, in each case, assumes reinvestment of all dividends. The stock price performance shown below is not necessarily indicative of future performance.
The index of Food Distributors and Wholesalers includes SUPERVALU, Inc. and SYSCO Corporation.
This performance graph shall not be deemed "soliciting material" or be deemed to be "filed" for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act or otherwise subject to the liabilities under that Section and shall not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any of our filings under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"), or the Exchange Act.




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COMPARISION OF 5 YEAR CUMULATIVE TOTAL RETURN*
Among United Natural Foods, Inc., the NASDAQ Composite Index,
and Index of Food Distributors and Wholesalers
chart-08b4a82e228552fcae8.jpg
*
$100 invested on 8/3/13 in UNFI common stock or 8/3/13 in the relevant index, including reinvestment of dividends. Index calculated on a month-end basis.

ITEM 6.    SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
The selected consolidated financial data presented below are derived from our consolidated financial statements, which have been audited by KPMG LLP, our independent registered public accounting firm. The historical results are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for any future period. The following selected consolidated financial data should be read in conjunction with and is qualified by reference to "Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" and our Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto included elsewhere in this Annual Report.    

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Consolidated Statement of Income Data: (1) (2)
 
July 28,
2018

July 29,
2017

July 30,
2016

August 1,
2015

August 2,
2014
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(In thousands, except per share data)
Net sales
 
$
10,226,683

 
$
9,274,471

 
$
8,470,286

 
$
8,184,978

 
$
6,794,447

Cost of sales
 
8,703,916

 
7,845,550

 
7,190,935

 
6,924,463

 
5,666,802

Gross profit
 
1,522,767

 
1,428,921

 
1,279,351

 
1,260,515

 
1,127,645

Total operating expenses
 
1,295,542

 
1,202,896

 
1,055,242

 
1,018,558

 
916,857

Operating income
 
227,225

 
226,025

 
224,109

 
241,957

 
210,788

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Income before income taxes
 
212,745

 
214,423

 
208,222

 
229,769

 
207,408

Provision for income taxes
 
47,075

 
84,268

 
82,456

 
91,035

 
81,926

Net income
 
$
165,670

 
$
130,155

 
$
125,766

 
$
138,734

 
$
125,482

Basic per share data:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income
 
$
3.28

 
$
2.57

 
$
2.50

 
$
2.77

 
$
2.53

Diluted per share data:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income
 
$
3.26

 
$
2.56

 
$
2.50

 
$
2.76

 
$
2.52

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated Balance Sheet Data: (2) (3)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Working capital
 
$
1,089,690

 
$
958,683

 
$
991,468

 
$
1,018,437

 
$
850,006

Total assets
 
2,964,472

 
2,886,563

 
2,852,155

 
2,540,994

 
2,284,446

Total long-term debt and capital leases, excluding current portion
 
137,709

 
149,863

 
161,739

 
172,949

 
32,510

Total stockholders' equity
 
$
1,845,955

 
$
1,681,921

 
$
1,519,504

 
$
1,381,088

 
$
1,238,919

(1)
Includes the effect of acquisitions from the respective dates of acquisition.
(2)
Periods prior to the year ended July 30, 2016 have been restated for immaterial corrections for identified errors in accounting for early payment discounts on inventory purchases.
(3)
Amounts have been adjusted for the reclassification of debt issuance costs resulting from the Company's early adoption of Accounting Standards Update No. 2015-03, Interest- Imputation of Interest (Subtopic 835-30), in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2016.
ITEM 7.    MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
        The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report.
Forward-Looking Statements
This Annual Report and the documents incorporated by reference in this Annual Report contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"), that involve substantial risks and uncertainties. In some cases you can identify these statements by forward-looking words such as "anticipate," "believe," "could," "estimate," "expect," "intend," "may," "plans," "planned," "seek," "should," "will," and "would," or similar words. Statements that contain these words and other statements that are forward-looking in nature should be read carefully because they discuss future expectations, contain projections of future results of operations or of financial positions or state other "forward-looking" information.
Forward-looking statements involve inherent uncertainty and may ultimately prove to be incorrect or false. You are cautioned not to place undue reliance on forward-looking statements. Except as otherwise may be required by law, we undertake no obligation to update or revise forward-looking statements to reflect changed assumptions, the occurrence of unanticipated events or actual operating results. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including, but not limited to:
our dependence on principal customers;

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our ability to effectively manage operational expenses due to higher volumes from our single supernatural customer and from supermarkets in light of lower margins from those customers;
the relatively low margins and economic sensitivity of our business;
changes in disposable income levels and consumer spending trends;
our reliance on the continued growth in sales of natural and organic foods and non-food products in comparison to conventional products;
increased competition in our industry as a result of increased distribution of natural, organic and specialty products by conventional grocery distributors and direct distribution of those products by large retailers and online distributors;
the ability to identify and successfully complete acquisitions, including our ability to complete the acquisition of SUPERVALU and to recognize the anticipated benefits of the business combination with SUPERVALU;
our ability to timely and successfully deploy our warehouse management system throughout our distribution centers and our transportation management system across the Company and to achieve the expected efficiencies and cost savings from these efforts;
the addition or loss of significant customers or material changes to our relationships with these customers;
our sensitivity to general economic conditions, including the current economic environment;
our sensitivity to inflationary and deflationary pressures;
volatility in fuel costs;
volatility in foreign exchange rates;
the potential for disruptions in our supply chain by circumstances beyond our control;
the risk of interruption of supplies due to lack of long-term contracts, severe weather, work stoppages or otherwise;
consumer demand for natural and organic products outpacing suppliers’ ability to produce those products and challenges we may experience in obtaining sufficient amounts of products to meet our customers' demands;
moderated supplier promotional activity, including decreased forward buying opportunities;
union-organizing activities that could cause labor relations difficulties and increased costs;
management's allocation of capital and the timing of capital expenditures; and
changes in interpretations, assumptions and expectations regarding the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act ("TCJA"), including additional guidance that may be issued by federal and state taxing authorities.
This list of risks and uncertainties, however, is only a summary of some of the most important factors that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those anticipated in forward-looking statements and is not intended to be exhaustive. You should carefully review the risks described under "Part I. Item 1A. Risk Factors," as well as any other cautionary language in this Annual Report, as the occurrence of any of these events could have an adverse effect, which may be material, on our business, financial condition or results of operations.
This Annual Report contains forward-looking non-GAAP financial measures associated with the pending SUPERVALU acquisition. These non-GAAP financial measures are not intended to be considered in isolation or as a substitute for any measure prepared in accordance with GAAP. The Company believes that presenting non-GAAP financial measures aids in making period-to-period comparisons and is a meaningful indication of its actual and estimated operating performance. In addition, the Company's management believes that the forward-looking non-GAAP financial measures provide guidance to investors about our pro forma financial expectations for the pending SUPERVALU acquisition. The Company's management utilizes and plans to utilize this non-GAAP financial information to compare the Company's operating performance to comparable periods and to internally prepared projections. We are not able to reconcile these metrics to their most directly comparable forward-looking GAAP financial measures without unreasonable efforts because we are unable to predict with a reasonable degree of certainty the actual impact of purchase accounting, divestitures and restructuring actions. The unavailable information could have a significant impact on our GAAP financial results.
Overview
We are a leading distributor based on sales of natural, organic and specialty foods and non-food products in the United States and Canada. We offer more than 110,000 natural, organic and specialty foods and non-food products, consisting of national, regional and private label brands grouped into six product categories: grocery and general merchandise, produce, perishables and frozen foods, nutritional supplements and sports nutrition, bulk and food service products and personal care items. We serve more than 40,000 customer locations primarily located across the United States and Canada which we classify into one of the following four categories: independents, which include buying clubs; supernatural, which consists solely of Whole Foods Market; supermarkets, which include mass market chains; and other which includes e-commerce, foodservice and international customers outside of Canada, as well as sales to Amazon.com, Inc.
Our operations are generally comprised of two principal operating divisions. These operating divisions are:
our wholesale division, which includes:


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our broadline natural, organic and specialty distribution business in the United States;
Tony's, which distributes a wide array of specialty protein, cheese, deli, foodservice and bakery goods, principally throughout the Western United States;
Albert's, which distributes organically grown produce and non-produce perishable items within the United States, and includes the operations of Nor-Cal, a distributor of organic and conventional produce and non-produce perishable items principally in Northern California;
UNFI Canada, Inc. ("UNFI Canada"), which is our natural, organic and specialty distribution business in Canada; and
Select Nutrition, which distributes vitamins, minerals and supplements; and

our manufacturing and branded products division, consisting of:
Woodstock Farms Manufacturing, which specializes in importing, roasting, packaging and the distribution of nuts, dried fruit, seeds, trail mixes, granola, natural and organic snack items and confections; and
our Blue Marble Brands branded product lines.

During fiscal 2018, we disposed of our retail business, Earth Origins, and recorded restructuring and asset impairment expenses, which includes a loss on the disposition of assets, of approximately $16.1 million during the fiscal year ended July 28, 2018.
Our net sales consist primarily of sales of natural, organic and specialty products to retailers, adjusted for customer volume discounts, returns and allowances. Net sales also consist of amounts charged by us to customers for shipping and handling and fuel surcharges. The principal components of our cost of sales include the amounts paid to suppliers for product sold, plus the cost of transportation necessary to bring the product to, or move product between, our various distribution centers, offset by consideration received from suppliers in connection with the purchase or promotion of the suppliers' products. Cost of sales also includes amounts incurred by us at our manufacturing subsidiary, Woodstock Farms Manufacturing, for inbound transportation costs offset by consideration received from suppliers in connection with the purchase or promotion of the suppliers’ products. Our gross margin may not be comparable to other similar companies within our industry that may include all costs related to their distribution network in their costs of sales rather than as operating expenses. We include purchasing, receiving, selecting and outbound transportation expenses within our operating expenses rather than in our cost of sales. Total operating expenses include salaries and wages, employee benefits, warehousing and delivery, selling, occupancy, insurance, administrative, share-based compensation, depreciation and amortization expense. Other expenses (income) include interest on our outstanding indebtedness, including the financing obligation related to our Aurora, Colorado distribution center and the lease for office space for our corporate headquarters in Providence, Rhode Island, interest income and miscellaneous income and expenses.
In recent years, our sales to existing and new customers have increased through the continued growth of the natural and organic products industry in general; increased market share as a result of our high quality service and a broader product selection, including specialty products; the acquisition of, or merger with, natural and specialty products distributors, the expansion of our existing distribution centers; the construction of new distribution centers; the introduction of new products and the development of our own line of natural and organic branded products. Through these efforts, we believe that we have been able to broaden our geographic penetration, expand our customer base, enhance and diversify our product selections and increase our market share. Our strategic plan is focused on increasing the type of products we distribute to our customers, including perishable products and conventional produce to “build out the store” and cover center of the store, as well as perimeter offerings. As part of our “one company” approach, we are in the process of rolling out a national warehouse management and procurement system to convert our existing facilities into a single warehouse management and supply chain platform ("WMS"). WMS supports our effort to integrate and nationalize processes across the organization. We have successfully implemented the WMS system at fifteen of our facilities. In light of the proposed acquisition of SUPERVALU, we are reevaluating our warehouse management system strategy. However, we continue to be focused on the automation of our new or expanded distribution centers that are at different stages of construction. These steps and others are intended to promote operational efficiencies and improve operating expenses as a percentage of net sales as we attempt to offset the lower gross margins we expect to generate by increased sales to the supernatural and supermarkets channels and as a result of additional competition in our business.
We have been the primary distributor to Whole Foods Market for more than twenty years. We continue to serve as the primary distributor to Whole Foods Market in all of its regions in the United States pursuant to a distribution agreement that expires on September 28, 2025. Following the acquisition of Whole Foods Market by Amazon.com, Inc. in August 2017, our sales to Whole Foods Market increased resulting in year-over-year growth in net sales to this customer in fiscal 2018 of 21.4% compared to fiscal 2017. Whole Foods Market accounted for approximately 37% and 33% of our net sales for the years ended July 28, 2018 and July 29, 2017, respectively.
Our net sales increased from $9.27 billion in fiscal 2017 to $10.23 billion in fiscal 2018. Net income increased from $130.2 million in fiscal 2017 to $165.7 million in fiscal 2018.

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With favorable trends in consumer confidence and the unemployment rate, we expect continued growth in sales of natural and organic foods and non-food products in fiscal 2019 and positive Company net sales growth of 8.6% to 10.5%. For fiscal 2019, the Company anticipates year-over-year sales growth to continue in the supernatural channel driven primarily by continued demand for better for you products. In addition, barring additional increases in freight or fuel rates, we expect inbound freight headwinds to dissipate in the first half of fiscal 2019 which would result in improved profitability, as reflected in our guidance. We are beginning to see this inbound freight improvement in the first month of fiscal 2019. Finally, the pending SUPERVALU acquisition is expected to have a positive impact on sales in fiscal 2019 as it accelerates the Company’s “build out the store” strategy. The pending SUPERVALU acquisition will also broaden our universe of customers and suppliers, reducing our dependence on any one customer.
In the first full year after the acquisition closes (“Year One”), we expect combined net sales, excluding retail and discontinued operations, to be approximately $24.2 billion to $24.8 billion. Year One Adjusted EBITDA is expected to be $655 million to $675 million. Year One Adjusted EBITDA excludes SUPERVALU’s retail business, impact from discontinued operations, one-time costs and the impact of purchase accounting. In addition, the Year One Adjusted EBITDA projection excludes the benefit of  SUPERVALU’s net pension and other post-retirement benefits valued at $38 million for SUPERVALU’s fiscal year 2019.

The projection includes the following items: (1) the winding down of SUPERVALU’s Albertson transition services agreement; (2) share based compensation for the Company and SUPERVALU; (3) retail and other stranded costs; and (4) the additional expense related to SUPERVALU’s recent sale leaseback initiative. In addition, the projection reflects Year One cost synergies, benefits from SUPERVALU’s acquisitions of Unified Grocers, Inc. and Associated Grocers of Florida, Inc, and growth assumptions for the underlying Company and SUPERVALU businesses.

Cost synergies are the primary value driver in this combination. We expect to achieve more than $175 million in cost synergies in the third year after the acquisition closes (“Year Three”) and $185 million in the fourth year after the acquisition closes (“Year Four”). These assumptions exclude growth synergies. Cost synergies will be derived from two primary categories: overhead efficiencies and operational optimization. Our expectation is to achieve 25% of the synergies in Year One, 65% in the following year and 95% by Year Three and 100% by Year Four. As far as costs associated with the transaction and with achieving the synergies, we expect to incur the bulk of these costs in the first two years following the close of the acquisition. We expect approximately $95 million of costs in Year One and $110 million in years two through five, following the closing of the transaction. Lastly, we expect a low double-digit percentage accretion in Adjusted EPS in Year One, excluding one-time costs to achieve synergies and the impact of purchase accounting. 
Results of Operations
The following table presents, for the periods indicated, certain income and expense items expressed as a percentage of net sales:
 
 
Fiscal year ended
 
 
 
July 28,
2018

July 29,
2017

July 30,
2016
 
Net sales
 
100.0
 %

100.0
 %

100.0
 %

Cost of sales
 
85.1
 %

84.6
 %

84.9
 %

Gross profit
 
14.9
 %

15.4
 %

15.1
 %

Operating expenses
 
12.5
 %

12.9
 %

12.4
 %

Restructuring and asset impairment expenses
 
0.2
 %

0.1
 %

0.1
 %

Total operating expenses
 
12.7
 %

13.0
 %

12.5
 %

Operating income
 
2.2
 %

2.4
 %

2.6
 %

Other expense (income):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest expense
 
0.2
 %

0.2
 %

0.2
 %

Interest income
 
 %

 %

 %

Other, net
 
 %

(0.1
)%

 %

Total other expense, net
 
0.1
 %
*
0.1
 %

0.2
 %

Income before income taxes
 
2.1
 %

2.3
 %

2.5
 %
*
Provision for income taxes
 
0.5
 %

0.9
 %

1.0
 %

Net income
 
1.6
 %

1.4
 %

1.5
 %


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* Reflects rounding
Fiscal year ended July 28, 2018 compared to fiscal year ended July 29, 2017
Net Sales
Our net sales for the fiscal year ended July 28, 2018 increased approximately 10.3%, or $952.2 million, to $10.23 billion from $9.27 billion for the fiscal year ended July 29, 2017. Our net sales by customer type for the fiscal years ended July 28, 2018 and July 29, 2017 were as follows (in millions):
Customer Type
 
2018
Net Sales
 
% of Total
Net Sales
 
2017
Net Sales
 
% of Total
Net Sales
 
Supernatural
 
$
3,758

 
37
%

$
3,096


33
%

Supermarkets
 
2,856

 
28
%

2,747


30
%

Independents
 
2,573

 
25
%

2,427


26
%

Other
 
1,039

 
10
%

1,004


11
%

Total
 
$
10,227

*
100
%
 
$
9,274


100
%
 
* Total reflects rounding
During fiscal 2017, our net sales by channel were adjusted to reflect changes in the classification of customer types from acquisitions we consummated in the third and fourth quarters of fiscal 2016 and the first quarter of fiscal 2017. There was no financial statement impact as a result of revising the classification of customer types. As a result of this adjustment, net sales to our supermarkets and other channels for the fiscal year ended July 29, 2017 increased approximately $50 million and $2 million, respectively, compared to the previously reported amounts, while net sales to the independents channel for the fiscal year ended July 29, 2017 decreased approximately $52 million compared to the previously reported amounts.
Whole Foods Market is our only supernatural customer, and net sales to Whole Foods Market for the fiscal year ended July 28, 2018 increased by approximately $662 million, or 21.4%, over the prior year and accounted for approximately 37% and 33% of our total net sales for the fiscal years ended July 28, 2018 and July 29, 2017, respectively. The increase in net sales to Whole Foods Market is primarily due to an increase in same store sales following its acquisition by Amazon.com, Inc. in August 2017 coupled with growth in new product categories, most notably the health, beauty and supplement categories. Net sales within our supernatural channel do not include net sales to Amazon.com, Inc. in either the current period or the prior period, as these net sales are reported in our other channel.
Net sales to our supermarkets channel for the fiscal year ended July 28, 2018 increased by approximately $109 million, or 4.0%, from fiscal 2017 and represented approximately 28% and 30% of total net sales in fiscal 2018 and fiscal 2017, respectively. The increase in net sales to supermarkets was primarily driven by growth in our wholesale division, which includes our broadline distribution business.
Net sales to our independents channel increased by approximately $146 million, or 6.0%, during the fiscal year ended July 28, 2018 compared to the fiscal year ended July 29, 2017, and accounted for 25% and 26% of our total net sales in fiscal 2018 and fiscal 2017, respectively. The increase in net sales in this channel is primarily due to growth in our wholesale division, which includes our broadline distribution business.    
Other net sales, which include sales to foodservice customers and sales from the United States to other countries, as well as sales through our e-commerce business, branded product lines, retail division, manufacturing division, and our brokerage business, increased by approximately $35 million, or 3.5%, for the fiscal year ended July 28, 2018 over the prior fiscal year and accounted for approximately 10% and 11% of total net sales in fiscal 2018 and fiscal 2017, respectively. The increase in other net sales was primarily driven by growth in our e-commerce business.
Cost of Sales and Gross Profit
Our gross profit increased approximately 6.6%, or $93.8 million, to $1.52 billion for the fiscal year ended July 28, 2018, from $1.43 billion for the fiscal year ended July 29, 2017. Our gross profit as a percentage of net sales was 14.9% for the fiscal year ended July 28, 2018 and 15.4% for the fiscal year ended July 29, 2017. The decrease in gross profit as a percentage of net sales was primarily driven by a shift in customer mix where net sales growth of our largest customer outpaced growth of other customers with higher margin and by an increase in inbound freight costs.
Operating Expenses

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Our total operating expenses increased approximately 7.7%, or $92.6 million, to $1.30 billion for the fiscal year ended July 28, 2018, from $1.20 billion for the fiscal year ended July 29, 2017. As a percentage of net sales, total operating expenses decreased to approximately 12.7% for the fiscal year ended July 28, 2018, from approximately 13.0% for the fiscal year ended July 29, 2017. The decrease in operating expenses as a percentage of net sales was primarily driven by leveraging of fixed costs on increased net sales. This was partially offset by $16.1 million of restructuring and impairment charges, which includes a $2.7 million loss on the disposition of assets, recorded for our Earth Origins retail business, which was disposed in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2018, increased costs incurred to fulfill the increased demand for our products and approximately $5.0 million of acquisition related costs associated with the pending SUPERVALU acquisition. Total operating expenses also included share-based compensation expense of $25.8 million and $25.7 million for fiscal 2018 and 2017, respectively. For more information, refer to Note 3. "Equity Plans" to our Consolidated Financial Statements included in "Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data" of this Annual Report.
Operating Income
Reflecting the factors described above, operating income increased approximately 0.5%, or $1.2 million, to $227.2 million for the fiscal year ended July 28, 2018, from $226.0 million for the fiscal year ended July 29, 2017. As a percentage of net sales, operating income was 2.2% and 2.4% for the fiscal years ended July 28, 2018 and July 29, 2017, respectively.
Other Expense (Income)
Other expense, net increased $2.9 million to $14.5 million for the fiscal year ended July 28, 2018, from $11.6 million for the fiscal year ended July 29, 2017. Interest expense for the fiscal year ended July 28, 2018 decreased to $16.5 million from $17.1 million for the fiscal year ended July 29, 2017. The decrease in interest expense was primarily due to a reduction in outstanding debt year-over-year. Interest income was $0.4 million for the fiscal years ended July 28, 2018 and July 29, 2017. Other income for the fiscal year ended July 28, 2018 was $1.5 million, compared to other income of $5.2 million for the fiscal year ended July 29, 2017. Other income for fiscal 2018 was primarily related to positive returns on the Company's equity method investment. Other income for fiscal 2017 was primarily related to a $6.1 million gain recorded during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2017 related to the sale of the Company's stake in Kicking Horse Coffee.
Provision for Income Taxes
Our effective income tax rate was 22.1% and 39.3% for the fiscal years ended July 28, 2018 and July 29, 2017, respectively. The decrease in the effective income tax rate for the fiscal year ended July 28, 2018 was driven by a $15.5 million tax benefit which was recorded as result of the new lower federal tax rate, as well as a net tax benefit of approximately $21.7 million as a result of the impact of the re-measurement of U.S. net deferred tax liabilities at the new lower corporate income tax rate resulting from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 ("TCJA").
Net Income
Reflecting the factors described in more detail above, net income increased $35.5 million to $165.7 million, or $3.26 per diluted share, for the fiscal year ended July 28, 2018, compared to $130.2 million, or $2.56 per diluted share for the fiscal year ended July 29, 2017.
Fiscal year ended July 29, 2017 compared to fiscal year ended July 30, 2016
Net Sales
Our net sales for the fiscal year ended July 29, 2017 increased approximately 9.5%, or $804.2 million, to $9.27 billion from $8.47 billion for the fiscal year ended July 30, 2016. The year-over-year increase in net sales was primarily due to growth in our wholesale segment of $815.0 million. Net sales for fiscal 2017 were positively impacted by acquisitions we consummated in the third and fourth quarters of fiscal 2016 and the first quarter of fiscal 2017 but were negatively impacted by broad based food retail softness, the rationalization of business in conjunction with margin enhancement initiatives and a lack of inflation. Our net sales for the fiscal year ended July 29, 2017 were favorably impacted by moderate price inflation of approximately 1% during the year.

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Our net sales by customer type for the fiscal years ended July 29, 2017 and July 30, 2016 were as follows (in millions):
Customer Type
 
2017
Net Sales
 
% of Total
Net Sales
 
2016
Net Sales
 
% of Total
Net Sales
 
Supernatural
 
$
3,096

 
33
%

$
2,951

 
35
%

Supermarkets
 
2,747

 
30
%

2,288

 
27
%

Independents
 
2,427

 
26
%

2,291

 
27
%

Other
 
1,004

 
11
%

940

 
11
%

Total
 
$
9,274

 
100
%
 
$
8,470

 
100
%
 
During fiscal 2017, our net sales by channel were adjusted to reflect changes in the classification of customer types from acquisitions we consummated in the third and fourth quarters of fiscal 2016 and the first quarter of fiscal 2017. There was no financial statement impact as a result of revising the classification of customer types. As a result of this adjustment, net sales to our supermarkets and other channels for the fiscal year ended July 30, 2016 increased approximately $29 million and $6 million, respectively, compared to the previously reported amounts, while net sales to the independents channel for the fiscal year ended July 30, 2016 decreased approximately $35 million compared to the previously reported amounts.
Whole Foods Market is our only supernatural customer, and net sales to Whole Foods Market for the fiscal year ended July 29, 2017 increased by approximately $145 million or 4.9% over the prior year and accounted for approximately 33% and 35% of our total net sales for the fiscal years ended July 29, 2017 and July 30, 2016, respectively. The increase in net sales to Whole Foods Market was primarily due to new store openings offset in part by lower year over year same store sales at Whole Foods Market.
Net sales to our supermarkets channel for the fiscal year ended July 29, 2017 increased by approximately $459 million, or 20.1% from fiscal 2016 and represented approximately 30% and 27% of total net sales in fiscal 2017 and fiscal 2016, respectively. The increase in net sales to supermarkets was primarily driven by net sales resulting from our acquisition of Haddon in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2016.
Net sales to our independents channel increased by approximately $136 million, or 5.9% during the fiscal year ended July 29, 2017 compared to the fiscal year ended July 30, 2016, and accounted for 26% and 27% of our total net sales in fiscal 2017 and fiscal 2016, respectively. The increase in net sales in this channel was primarily attributable to net sales from our acquisitions during fiscal 2016 and the first quarter of fiscal 2017 as well as growth in our wholesale division, which includes our broadline distribution business.
Other net sales, which included sales to foodservice customers and sales from the United States to other countries, as well as sales through our e-commerce business, branded product lines, retail division, manufacturing division, and our brokerage business, increased by approximately $64 million or 6.8% during the fiscal year ended July 29, 2017 over the prior fiscal year and accounted for approximately 11% of total net sales in both fiscal 2017 and fiscal 2016. The increase in other net sales was attributable to expanded sales to our new and existing foodservice partners and growth in our e-commerce business, as well as net sales resulting from our acquisition of Haddon in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2016.
Cost of Sales and Gross Profit
Our gross profit increased approximately 11.7%, or $149.6 million, to $1.43 billion for the fiscal year ended July 29, 2017, from $1.28 billion for the fiscal year ended July 30, 2016. Our gross profit as a percentage of net sales was 15.4% for the fiscal year ended July 29, 2017 and 15.1% for the fiscal year ended July 30, 2016. The increase in gross profit as a percentage of net sales was primarily driven by margin enhancement initiatives and the favorable impact of acquisitions, partially offset by a lack of inflation and competitive pricing pressure.
Operating Expenses
Our total operating expenses increased approximately 14.0%, or $147.7 million, to $1.20 billion for the fiscal year ended July 29, 2017, from $1.06 billion for the fiscal year ended July 30, 2016. As a percentage of net sales, total operating expenses increased to approximately 13.0% for the fiscal year ended July 29, 2017, from approximately 12.5% for the fiscal year ended July 30, 2016. The increase in total operating expenses was primarily attributable to the acquired businesses, which generally have a higher cost to serve their customers. Additionally, the increase was driven by $6.9 million of restructuring expenses as well as higher depreciation and amortization and incentive and stock-based compensation expense, which was partially offset by costs incurred in fiscal 2016 that did not recur in fiscal 2017, including $1.8 million of bad debt expense related to outstanding receivables for a customer who declared bankruptcy in the first quarter of fiscal 2016, $2.2 million of acquisition related costs and $2.5 million of startup costs related to the Company's Gilroy, California facility. Operating expenses for fiscal 2016 also included $5.6 million in restructuring and asset impairment expense.

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Total operating expenses for fiscal 2017 include share-based compensation expense of $25.7 million, compared to $15.3 million in fiscal 2016. This increase was primarily due to an increase in performance-based compensation expense related to our long-term incentive plan for members of our executive leadership team. The Company did not record share-based compensation expense related to performance-based share awards in fiscal 2016, as a result of performance measures not being attained at the end of the fiscal year and the resulting forfeiture of these awards.
Operating Income
Operating income increased approximately 0.9%, or $1.9 million, to $226.0 million for the fiscal year ended July 29, 2017, from $224.1 million for the fiscal year ended July 30, 2016. As a percentage of net sales, operating income was 2.4% and 2.6% for the fiscal years ended July 29, 2017 and July 30, 2016, respectively.
Other Expense (Income)
Other expense, net decreased $4.3 million to $11.6 million for the fiscal year ended July 29, 2017, from $15.9 million for the fiscal year ended July 30, 2016. Interest expense for the fiscal year ended July 29, 2017 increased to $17.1 million from $16.3 million for the fiscal year ended July 30, 2016. The increase in interest expense was primarily due to additional borrowings for acquisitions made in the second half of fiscal 2016. Interest income for the fiscal year ended July 29, 2017 decreased to $0.4 million from $1.1 million for the fiscal year ended July 30, 2016. Other income for the fiscal year ended July 29, 2017 was $5.2 million, compared to other expense of $0.7 million for the fiscal year ended July 30, 2016. The increase in other income was primarily driven by a $6.1 million gain recorded during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2017 related to the sale of the Company's stake in Kicking Horse Coffee.
Provision for Income Taxes
Our effective income tax rate was 39.3% and 39.6% for the fiscal years ended July 29, 2017 and July 30, 2016, respectively. The decrease in the effective income tax rate for the fiscal year ended July 29, 2017 was primarily due to the claiming of solar and research and development tax credits that were not available in the prior year.
Net Income
Reflecting the factors described in more detail above, net income increased $4.4 million to $130.2 million, or $2.56 per diluted share, for the fiscal year ended July 29, 2017, compared to $125.8 million, or $2.50 per diluted share for the fiscal year ended July 30, 2016.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
We finance our day to day operations and growth primarily with cash flows from operations, borrowings under our Existing ABL Loan Agreement, operating leases, a capital lease, a finance lease, trade payables and bank indebtedness. In addition, from time to time, we may issue debt securities to finance our operations and acquisitions. During the fiscal quarter ended October 28, 2017, we announced our intent to repurchase up to $200.0 million of shares of our common stock. Purchases under this program will be financed with cash generated from our operations and borrowings under our Existing ABL Loan Agreement.
The Company has estimated an immaterial impact of the mandatory repatriation provision under the TCJA on earnings due to the foreign tax credits available to the Company. The Company has not recorded a tax provision for U.S. tax purposes on UNFI Canada’s profits as it has no assessable profits arising in or derived from the United States and still intends to indefinitely reinvest accumulated earnings in the UNFI Canada operations.
ABL Credit Facility
On April 29, 2016, we entered into the Third Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement (the “Existing ABL Loan Agreement”) amending and restating certain terms and provisions of our revolving credit facility (the “Existing ABL Facility”), which increased the maximum borrowings under the Existing ABL Facility and extended the maturity date to April 29, 2021. Up to $850.0 million is available to our U.S. subsidiaries and up to $50.0 million is available to UNFI Canada. After giving effect to the Existing ABL Loan Agreement, the Existing ABL Facility provides an option to increase the U.S. or Canadian revolving commitments by up to an additional $600.0 million in the aggregate (but in not less than $10.0 million increments) subject to certain customary conditions and the lenders committing to provide the increase in funding.
The borrowings of the U.S. portion of the Existing ABL Facility after giving effect to the Existing ABL Loan Agreement, accrued interest, at the base rate plus an applicable margin of 0.25% or LIBOR rate plus an applicable margin of 1.25% for the twelve month period ended April 29, 2017. After this period, the interest on the U.S. borrowings is accrued at the Company's option, at either (i) a base rate (generally defined as the highest of (x) the Bank of America Business Capital prime rate, (y) the average overnight federal funds effective rate plus one-half percent (0.50%) per annum and (z) one-month LIBOR plus one percent (1%)

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per annum) plus an applicable margin that varies depending on daily average aggregate availability, or (ii) the LIBOR rate plus an applicable margin that varies depending on daily average aggregate availability. The borrowings on the Canadian portion of the Existing ABL Facility accrued interest at the Canadian prime rate plus an applicable margin of 0.25% or a bankers' acceptance equivalent rate plus an applicable margin of 1.25% for the twelve month period ended April 29, 2017. After this period, the borrowings on the Canadian portion of the Existing ABL Facility accrue interest, at the Company's option, at either (i) a Canadian prime rate (generally defined as the highest of (x) 0.50% over 30-day Reuters Canadian Deposit Offering Rate ("CDOR") for bankers' acceptances, (y) the prime rate of Bank of America, N.A.'s Canada branch, and (z) a bankers' acceptance equivalent rate for a one month interest period plus 1.00%) plus an applicable margin that varies depending on daily average aggregate availability, or (ii) a bankers' acceptance equivalent rate of the rate of interest per annum equal to the annual rates applicable to Canadian Dollar bankers' acceptances on the "CDOR Page" of Reuter Monitor Money Rates Service, plus five basis points, and an applicable margin that varies depending on daily average aggregate availability. Unutilized commitments are subject to an annual fee in the amount of 0.30% if the total outstanding borrowings are less than 25% of the aggregate commitments, or a per annum fee of 0.25% if such total outstanding borrowings are 25% or more of the aggregate commitments. The Company is also required to pay a letter of credit fronting fee to each letter of credit issuer equal to 0.125% per annum of the stated amount of each such letter of credit (or such other amount as may be mutually agreed by the borrowers under the facility and the applicable letter of credit issuer), as well as a fee to all lenders equal to the applicable margin for LIBOR or bankers’ acceptance equivalent rate loans, as applicable, times the average daily stated amount of all outstanding letters of credit.
As of July 28, 2018, the Company's borrowing base, which is calculated based on eligible accounts receivable and inventory levels, net of $4.2 million of reserves, was $884.5 million. As of July 28, 2018, the Company had $210.0 million of borrowings outstanding under the Existing ABL Facility and $24.3 million in letter of credit commitments which reduced the Company's available borrowing capacity under the Existing ABL Facility on a dollar for dollar basis. The Company's resulting remaining availability was $650.2 million as of July 28, 2018.
The Existing ABL Facility subjects us to a springing minimum fixed charge coverage ratio (as defined in the Existing ABL Loan Agreement) of 1.0 to 1.0 calculated at the end of each of our fiscal quarters on a rolling four quarter basis when the adjusted aggregate availability (as defined in the Existing ABL Loan Agreement) is less than the greater of (i) $60.0 million and (ii) 10% of the aggregate borrowing base. We were not subject to the fixed charge coverage ratio covenant under the Existing ABL Loan Agreement during the fiscal year ended July 28, 2018.
The Company has pledged the majority of its and its subsidiaries' accounts receivable and inventory to secure its obligations under the Existing ABL Loan Agreement.
In connection with the execution of the Merger Agreement with SUPERVALU, the Company obtained a debt financing commitment on the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in a commitment letter dated July 25, 2018 (the “Commitment Letter”) from Goldman Sachs Bank USA and Goldman Sachs Lending Partners LLC consisting of, among other things, (i) a senior secured asset-based revolving facility (the “New ABL Credit Facility”) in an aggregate principal amount of $2,000 million that will be used to replace the Existing ABL Facility and (ii) a senior secured term loan credit facility (the “New Term Loan Facility”) in an aggregate principal amount of $2,050 million. The Commitment Letter was amended and restated by the Amended and Restated Commitment Letter dated August 7, 2018, from Goldman Sachs Bank USA, Bank of America, N.A. and Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated, and further amended and restated by the Second Amended and Restated Commitment Letter dated August 8, 2018, from Goldman Sachs Bank USA, Bank of America, N.A., Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated, Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. and U.S. Bank National Association and as further amended by Amendment No. 1 to Second Amended and Restated Commitment Letter dated September 21, 2018, (the “Amended Commitment Letter”).
On August 30, 2018 (the “Signing Date”), the Company, entered into a Loan Agreement (the “New ABL Loan Agreement”), by and among the Company and United Natural Foods West, Inc. (together with the Company, the “U.S. Borrowers”) and UNFI Canada, Inc. (the “Canadian Borrower” and, together with the U.S. Borrowers, the “Borrowers”), the financial institutions that are parties thereto as lenders (collectively, the “Lenders”), Bank of America, N.A. as administrative agent for the Lenders (the “ABL Administrative Agent”), Bank of America, N.A. (acting through its Canada branch), as Canadian agent for the Lenders (the “Canadian Agent”), and the other parties thereto. As of the Signing Date and as a result of the Company’s entry into the New ABL Loan Agreement, all of the commitments under the Amended Commitment Letter with respect to the Existing ABL Loan Agreement have been terminated and permanently reduced to zero. The commitment with respect to the New Term Loan Facility under the Amended Commitment Letter remain unchanged.
The New ABL Loan Agreement provides for the New ABL Credit Facility (the loans thereunder, the “Loans”), of which up to (i) $1,950.0 million is available to the U.S. Borrowers and (ii) $50.0 million is available to the Canadian Borrower.  The New ABL Loan Agreement also provides for (i) a $125.0 million sublimit of availability for letters of credit of which there is a further $5.0 million sublimit for the Canadian Borrower and (ii) a $100.0 million sublimit for short-term borrowings on a swingline basis of which there is a further $3.5 million sublimit for the Canadian Borrower. Under the New ABL Loan Agreement, the Borrowers

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may, at their option, increase the aggregate amount of the New ABL Credit Facility in an amount of up to $600.0 million (but in not less than $10.0 million increments) without the consent of any Lenders not participating in such increase, subject to certain customary conditions and applicable lenders committing to provide the increase in funding. There is no assurance that additional funding would be available.
The New ABL Credit Facility will be secured by (i) a first-priority lien on all of our and our domestic subsidiaries' accounts receivable, inventory and certain other assets arising therefrom or related thereto (including, without limitation, substantially all of their deposit accounts, collectively, the "ABL Assets") and (ii) a second-priority lien on all of our and our domestic subsidiaries' assets that do not constitute ABL Assets, in each case, subject to customary exceptions and limitations on the date of consummation of the acquisition of SUPERVALU pursuant to the terms of the Merger Agreement (the “Closing Date”).
Availability under the New ABL Credit Facility is subject to a borrowing base (the “Borrowing Base”), which is based on 90% of eligible accounts receivable, plus 90% of eligible credit card receivable, plus 90% of the net orderly liquidation value of eligible inventory, plus 90% of eligible pharmacy receivables, plus certain pharmacy scripts availability of the Borrowers, after adjusting for customary reserves that are subject to the ABL Administrative Agent’s discretion. The aggregate amount of the Loans made and letters of credit issued under the New ABL Credit Facility shall at no time exceed the lesser of the aggregate commitments under the New ABL Credit Facility (currently $2,000.0 million or, if increased at the Borrowers’ option as described above, up to $2,600 million) or the Borrowing Base. To the extent that the Borrowers’ eligible accounts receivable, eligible credit card receivables, eligible inventory, eligible pharmacy receivables and pharmacy scripts availability decline, the Borrowing Base will decrease, and the availability under the New ABL Credit Facility may decrease below $2,000.0 million; provided that, on the Closing Date and until the ninetieth day after the Closing Date, regardless of the calculation of the Borrowing Base on the Closing Date, the Borrowing Base shall be deemed to be no less than $1,500.0 million; provided, further, that if the ABL Administrative Agent receives certain field examinations and appraisals prior to the Closing Date and if the Borrowing Base would, without giving effect to the foregoing proviso, be less than or equal to $1,500.0 million, then the Borrowing Base shall be deemed to be the greater of (x) the Borrowing Base without giving effect to the foregoing proviso and (y) $1,300.0 million on the Closing Date until the ninetieth day after the Closing Date.
The borrowings of the U.S. Borrowers under the New ABL Credit Facility bear interest at rates that, at the Company’s option, can be either: (i) a base rate generally defined as the sum of (x) the highest of (a) the Administrative Agent’s prime rate, (b) the average overnight federal funds effective rate plus one-half percent (0.50%) per annum and (c) one-month LIBOR plus one percent (1%) per annum and (y) an applicable margin or (ii) LIBOR rate generally defined as the sum of (x) the London Interbank Offered Rate (as published on the applicable Reuters screen page, or other commercially available source) and (y) an applicable margin. The initial applicable margin for base rate loans is 0.25%, and the initial applicable margin for LIBOR loans is 1.25%. Commencing on the first day of the calendar month following the ABL Administrative Agent’s receipt of the Company’s financial statements for the fiscal quarter ending on or about October 27, 2018, and quarterly thereafter, the applicable margins for borrowings by the U.S. Borrowers will be subject to adjustment based upon the aggregate availability under the New ABL Credit Facility. Interest on the U.S. Borrowers’ borrowings is payable monthly in arrears for base rate loans and at the end of each interest rate period (but not less often than quarterly) for LIBOR loans. The borrowings of the Canadian Borrower under the New ABL Credit Facility bear interest at rates that, at the Canadian Borrower’s option, can be either: (i) prime rate generally defined as the sum of (x) the highest of (a) 30-day Reuters Canadian Deposit Offering Rate for Canadian dollar bankers’ acceptances plus one-half percent (0.50%) per annum, (b) the prime rate of Bank of America, N.A.’s Canada branch, and (c) a Canadian dollar bankers’ acceptance equivalent rate for a one month interest period plus one percent (1%) per annum and (y) an applicable margin or (ii) a Canadian dollar bankers’ acceptance equivalent rate generally defined as the sum of (x) the rate of interest per annum equal to the annual rates applicable to Canadian Dollar bankers’ acceptances on the “CDOR Page” of Reuter Monitor Money Rates Service, and (y) an applicable margin. This is the exclusive method of interest accrual for loans that are not Canadian swingline loans, Canadian overadvance loans or Canadian protective advances. The initial applicable margin for prime rate loans is 0.25%, and the initial applicable margin for Canadian dollar bankers’ acceptance equivalent rate loans is 1.25%. Commencing on the first day of the calendar month following the ABL Administrative Agent’s receipt of the Company’s financial statements for the fiscal quarter ending on or about October 27, 2018, and quarterly thereafter, the applicable margins for borrowings by the Canadian Borrower will be subject to adjustment based upon the aggregate availability under the New ABL Credit Facility. Interest on the Canadian Borrower’s borrowings is payable monthly in arrears for prime rate loans and at the end of each interest rate period (but not less often than quarterly) for bankers’ acceptance equivalent rate loans. Unutilized commitments under the New ABL Credit Facility are subject to a per annum fee of (i) from and after the Closing Date through and including the first day of the calendar month that is three months following the Closing Date, 0.375% and (ii) thereafter, (x) 0.375% if the total outstandings were less than 25% of the aggregate commitments, or (y) 0.25% if such total outstandings were 25% or more of the aggregate commitments. The Borrowers are also required to pay a letter of credit fronting fee to each letter of credit issuer equal to 0.125% per annum of the amount available to be drawn under each such letter of credit (or such other amount as may be mutually agreed by the Borrowers and the applicable letter of credit issuer), as well as a fee to all lenders equal to the applicable margin for LIBOR or Canadian dollar bankers’ acceptance equivalent rate loans, as applicable, times the average daily amount available to be drawn under all outstanding letters of credit.

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The obligations of the Lenders to provide Loans under the New ABL Loan Agreement on the Closing Date are subject to a number of customary conditions, including, without limitation, the consummation of the Merger (which must occur by January 25, 2019, subject to extension in certain circumstances pursuant to the terms of Merger Agreement) and execution and delivery by the Borrowers and the guarantors of definitive documentation consistent with the New ABL Loan Agreement and the documentation standards specified therein.
The Company expects to fund its acquisition of SUPERVALU with, among other sources, borrowings under the New ABL Credit Facility. Pursuant to the Amended Commitment Letter, the Company may use the entire amount of the proceeds of the New Term Loan Facility and up to $1,200.0 million (plus an amount necessary to pay certain fees or original issues discount) of the proceeds from the New ABL Credit Facility to finance the Merger and the transaction costs. In addition to funding the acquisition price to acquire SUPERVALU, the Company expects to refinance and repay substantially all of SUPERVALU's existing debt.
Term Loan Facility
On August 14, 2014, we and certain of our subsidiaries entered into a real estate backed term loan agreement as amended by the First Amendment Agreement, dated April 29, 2016, and the Second Amendment Agreement, dated September 1, 2016, the "Existing Term Loan Agreement"). The total initial borrowings under our term loan facility were $150.0 million. We are required to make $2.5 million principal payments quarterly. Under the Existing Term Loan Agreement, we at our option may request the establishment of one or more new term loan commitments in increments of at least $10.0 million, but not to exceed $50.0 million in total, subject to the approval of the Lenders electing to participate in such incremental loans and the satisfaction of the conditions required by the Existing Term Loan Agreement. Proceeds from this Existing Term Loan Agreement were used to pay down borrowings under the Existing ABL Loan Agreement.
Borrowings under the Existing Term Loan Agreement bear interest at rates that, at the Company's option, can be either: (1) a base rate generally defined as the sum of (i) the highest of (x) the administrative agent's prime rate, (y) the average overnight federal funds effective rate plus 0.50% and (z) one-month LIBOR plus one percent (1%) per annum and (ii) a margin of 0.75%; or, (2) a LIBOR rate generally defined as the sum of (i) LIBOR (as published by Reuters or other commercially available source) for one, two, three or six months or, if approved by all affected lenders, nine months (all as selected by the Company), and (ii) a margin of 1.75%. Interest accrued on borrowings under the Existing Term Loan Agreement is payable in arrears. Interest accrued on any LIBOR loan is payable on the last day of the interest period applicable to the loan and, with respect to any LIBOR loan of more than three (3) months, on the last day of every three (3) months of such interest period. Interest accrued on base rate loans is payable on the first day of every month. The Company is also required to pay certain customary fees to the administrative agent. The borrowers’ obligations under the Existing Term Loan Agreement are secured by certain parcels of the borrowers’ real property.
The Existing Term Loan Agreement includes financial covenants that require (i) the ratio of our consolidated EBITDA (as defined in the Existing Term Loan Agreement) minus the unfinanced portion of Capital Expenditures (as defined in the Existing Term Loan Agreement) to our consolidated Fixed Charges (as defined in the Existing Term Loan Agreement) to be at least 1.20 to 1.00 as of the end of any period of four fiscal quarters, (ii) the ratio of our Consolidated Funded Debt (as defined in the Existing Term Loan Agreement) to our EBITDA for the four fiscal quarters most recently ended to be not more than 3.00 to 1.00 as of the end of any fiscal quarter and (iii) the ratio, expressed as a percentage, of our outstanding principal balance under the Loans (as defined in the Existing Term Loan Agreement), divided by the Mortgaged Property Value (as defined in the Existing Term Loan Agreement) to be not more than 75% at any time. As of July 28, 2018, the Company was in compliance with the financial covenants of the Existing Term Loan Agreement.
As of July 28, 2018, the Company had borrowings of $108.8 million, net of debt issuance costs of $1.2 million, under the Existing Term Loan Agreement which is included in “Long-term debt” in the consolidated balance sheet.
On August 22, 2018, the Company notified its lenders that it intends to prepay its borrowings outstanding under the Existing Term Loan Agreement on October 1, 2018, which were approximately $110.0 million as of July 28, 2018. The Existing Term Loan Agreement was previously scheduled to terminate on the earlier of (a) August 14, 2022 and (b) the date that is ninety days prior to the termination date of the Existing ABL Loan Agreement. Concurrently with the prepayment of borrowings outstanding under the Existing Term Loan Agreement, the Company intends to draw on its Existing ABL Loan Agreement in an amount equal to its Existing Term Loan Agreement prepayment amount.
Pursuant to the terms of the Amended Commitment Letter, on the Closing Date, concurrently with the consummation of the Merger, the Company will enter into a new term loan agreement (the “New Term Loan Agreement”) providing for the New Term Loan Facility. Under the terms of the Amended Commitment Letter, the New Term Loan Facility will consist of a $2,050 million senior secured term loan facility. The New Term Loan Facility will have a term of seven years and will be secured by (i) a first-priority lien on all of our and our domestic subsidiaries' assets that do not constitute ABL Assets (defined in the immediately succeeding clause) and (ii) a second-priority lien on all of our and our domestic subsidiaries' accounts receivable, inventory and certain other

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assets arising therefrom or related thereto (including, without limitation, substantially all of their deposit accounts, collectively, the "ABL Assets"), in each case, subject to customary exceptions and limitations on the Closing Date.
We expect that the New Term Loan Agreement will have customary affirmative and negative covenants and events of default that are generally consistent with our New ABL Loan Agreement. The closing of the New Term Loan Facility will be subject to customary conditions precedent, including the negotiation and execution of final documentation and consummation of the Merger.
Interest Swap Agreements
On January 23, 2015, the Company entered into a forward starting interest rate swap agreement with an effective date of August 3, 2015, which expires in August 2022 concurrent with the scheduled maturity of our Existing Term Loan Agreement. This interest rate swap agreement has a notional amount of $112.5 million and provides for the Company to pay interest for a seven-year period at a fixed rate of 1.795% while receiving interest for the same period at the one-month LIBOR on the same notional principal amount. The interest rate swap agreement has an amortizing notional amount which adjusts down on the dates payments are due on the underlying term loan. The interest rate swap has been entered into as a hedge against LIBOR movements on $112.5 million of the variable rate indebtedness under the Existing Term Loan Agreement at one-month LIBOR plus 1.00% and a margin of 1.50%, thereby fixing our effective rate on the notional amount at 4.295%. The swap agreement qualifies as an “effective” hedge under Accounting Standard Codification ("ASC") 815 Derivatives and Hedging.
On June 7, 2016, the Company entered into two pay fixed and receive floating interest rate swap agreements to effectively fix the underlying variable rate debt on the Existing ABL Loan Agreement. The first agreement has an effective date of June 9, 2016 and expires in June of 2019. This interest rate swap agreement has a notional principal amount of $50.0 million and provides for the Company to pay interest for a three-year period at a fixed annual rate of 0.8725% while receiving interest for the same period at one-month LIBOR on the same notional principal amount. This swap, in conjunction with the Existing ABL Loan Agreement, effectively fixes the interest rate on the $50.0 million notional amount. The second agreement has an effective date of June 9, 2016 and expires concurrent with the scheduled maturity of our Existing ABL Loan Agreement in April of 2021. This interest rate swap agreement has a notional principal amount of $25.0 million and provides for the Company to pay interest for a five-year period at a fixed rate of 1.065% while receiving interest for the same period at one-month LIBOR on the same notional principal amount. This swap, in conjunction with the Existing ABL Loan Agreement, effectively fixes the interest rate on the $25.0 million notional amount. The swap agreement qualifies as an “effective” hedge under Accounting Standard Codification ("ASC") 815 Derivatives and Hedging.
On June 24, 2016, the Company entered into two additional pay fixed and receive floating interest rate swap agreements to effectively fix the underlying variable rate debt on the Existing ABL Loan Agreement. The first agreement has an effective date of July 24, 2016 and expires in June of 2019. This interest rate swap agreement has a notional principal amount of $50.0 million and provides for the Company to pay interest for a three year period at a fixed annual rate of 0.7265% while receiving interest for the same period at one-month LIBOR on the same notional principal amount. This swap, in conjunction with the Existing ABL Loan Agreement, effectively fixes the interest rate on the $50.0 million notional amount. The second agreement has an effective date of July 24, 2016 and expires concurrent with the scheduled maturity of Existing ABL Loan Agreement in April of 2021. This interest rate swap agreement has a notional principal amount of $25.0 million and provides for the Company to pay interest for a five year period at a fixed rate of 0.9260% while receiving interest for the same period at one-month LIBOR on the same notional principal amount. This swap, in conjunction with the Existing ABL Loan Agreement, effectively fixes the interest rate on the $25.0 million notional amount. The swap agreement qualifies as an “effective” hedge under Accounting Standard Codification ("ASC") 815 Derivatives and Hedging.
Our capital expenditures for the 2018 fiscal year were $44.6 million, compared to $56.1 million for fiscal 2017, a decrease of $11.5 million. Excluding the SUPERVALU acquisition, capital expenditures are expected to be 1.5% to 1.7% of net sales, driven by capacity expansion projects. We are committed to these particular capital projects with a strong financial return, with or without the impact of the pending SUPERVALU acquisition. On a combined basis with SUPERVALU and over the long-term, we expect the combined company's capital expenditures, as a percentage of net sales, to be approximately 1.0% of net sales, which excludes capital growth assumptions related to optimizing our capacity and IT spending going forward. We expect to finance requirements with cash generated from operations and borrowings under our New ABL Credit Facility. Our planned capital projects for fiscal 2019 will be focused on the expansion of distribution center capacity in certain geographies and integration efforts related to the pending acquisition of SUPERVALU. Future investments may be financed through long-term debt or borrowings under our New ABL Credit Facility.
Other
Net cash provided by operations was $109.5 million for the fiscal year ended July 28, 2018, a decrease of $171.3 million from the $280.8 million provided by operations for the year ended July 29, 2017. The primary reasons for the net cash provided by operating activities for fiscal 2018 were net income for the year of $165.7 million, which included depreciation and amortization

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of $87.6 million, and share based compensation expense of $25.8 million, offset by increases in inventory and accounts receivable of $108.8 million and $67.3 million, respectively. Net cash provided by operations of $280.8 million for the year ended July 29, 2017 was primarily due to net income for the year of $130.2 million, which included depreciation and amortization of $86.1 million, and an increase in accounts payable of $90.2 million, offset by an increase in accounts receivable of $38.8 million
Days in inventory was 48 days at July 28, 2018 and July 29, 2017. Days sales outstanding was 21 at July 28, 2018 and July 29, 2017. Working capital increased by $131.0 million, or 13.7%, to $1.09 billion at July 28, 2018, compared to working capital of $958.7 million at July 29, 2017. This increase was primarily as a result of an increase in inventory to support increased demand for our products.
Net cash used in investing activities decreased approximately $13.0 million to $47.0 million for the fiscal year ended July 28, 2018, compared to $60.0 million for the fiscal year ended July 29, 2017. This decrease was primarily due to a decrease in cash paid for acquisitions of $9.2 million and a $11.5 million decrease in capital spending.
Net cash used in financing activities was $54.0 million for the fiscal year ended July 28, 2018. The net cash used in financing activities was primarily due to repayments of borrowings under our Existing ABL Facility of $569.7 million share repurchases of $24.2 million and repayments of long-term debt of $12.1 million, partially offset by proceeds from borrowings under our Existing ABL Facility of $556.1 million. Net cash used in financing activities was $224.6 million for the fiscal year ended July 29, 2017 and was primarily due to repayments of borrowings under our Existing ABL Facility and long term debt of $418.7 million and $11.5 million, respectively, partially offset by proceeds from borrowings under our Existing ABL Facility of $215.7 million.
From time-to-time we enter into fixed price fuel supply agreements. As of July 28, 2018 and July 29, 2017, we were not a party to any such agreements. We were party to a contract during fiscal 2017, which required us to purchase a total of approximately 6.1 million gallons of diesel fuel at prices ranging from $1.76 to $3.18 per gallon through December 2016. All of these fixed price fuel agreements qualified and were accounted for under the "normal purchase" exception under ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging as physical deliveries occurred rather than net settlements, and therefore the fuel purchases under these contracts have been expensed as incurred and included within operating expenses.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
The preparation of our consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and the related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. The Securities and Exchange Commission has defined critical accounting policies as those that are both most important to the portrayal of our financial condition and results and require our most difficult, complex or subjective judgments or estimates. Based on this definition, we believe our critical accounting policies are: (i) determining our reserves for the self-insured portions of our workers' compensation and automobile liabilities, (ii) valuing assets and liabilities acquired in business combinations; (iii) valuing goodwill and intangible assets; and (iv) income taxes. For all financial statement periods presented, there have been no material modifications to the application of these critical accounting policies.
Insurance reserves
We are primarily self-insured for workers' compensation and general and automobile liability insurance. It is our policy to record the self-insured portions of our workers' compensation and automobile liabilities based upon actuarial methods of estimating the future cost of claims and related expenses that have been reported but not settled, and that have been incurred but not yet reported. Any projection of losses concerning workers' compensation and automobile liability is subject to a considerable degree of variability. Among the causes of this variability are unpredictable external factors affecting litigation trends, benefit level changes and claim settlement patterns. If actual claims incurred are greater than those anticipated, our reserves may be insufficient and additional costs could be recorded in our consolidated financial statements. Accruals for workers' compensation and automobile liabilities totaled $25.0 million and $22.8 million as of July 28, 2018 and July 29, 2017, respectively.
Valuation of assets and liabilities acquired in a business combination
We account for acquired businesses using the purchase method of accounting which requires that the assets acquired and liabilities assumed be recorded at the date of the acquisition at their respective estimated fair values. Goodwill represents the excess of cost over the fair value of net assets acquired in a business combination. The judgments made in determining the estimated fair value assigned to each class of assets acquired, as well as the estimated useful life of each asset, can materially impact the net income of the periods subsequent to the acquisition through depreciation and amortization, and in certain instances through impairment charges, if the asset becomes impaired in the future. In determining the estimated fair value for intangible assets, we typically utilize the income approach, which discounts the projected future net cash flow using an appropriate discount rate that reflects the risks associated with such projected future cash flow.

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Determining the useful life of an intangible asset also requires judgment, as different types of intangible assets will have different useful lives and certain assets may even be considered to have indefinite useful lives. Intangible assets determined to have an indefinite useful life are reassessed periodically based on the expected use of the asset by us, legal or contractual provisions that may affect the useful life or renewal or extension of the asset’s contractual life without substantial cost, and the effects of demand, competition and other economic factors.
Valuation of goodwill and intangible assets
We are required to test goodwill for impairment at least annually, and between annual tests if events occur or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying amount. We have elected to perform our annual tests for indications of goodwill impairment as of the first day of the fourth quarter of each fiscal year. We test for goodwill impairment at the reporting unit level, which is at or one level below the operating segment level. As of July 28, 2018, approximately 97.2% of our goodwill is within our wholesale reporting segment. Total goodwill as of July 28, 2018 and July 29, 2017 was $362.5 million and $371.3 million, respectively.
In accordance with Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2011-08, Testing Goodwill for Impairment, ("ASU 2011-08"), the Company is allowed to perform a qualitative assessment for goodwill impairment unless it believes it is more likely than not that a reporting unit's fair value is less than the carrying value. The thresholds used by the Company for this determination in fiscal 2018 were for any reporting units that (1) have passed their previous quantitative test with a margin of calculated fair value versus carrying value of at least 20%, (2) have had a quantitative test within the past five years, (3) have had no significant changes to their working capital structure, (4) have current year income which is at least 85% of prior year amounts, and (5) present no other factors to be considered as outlined in ASU 2011-08. The Company's reporting units are at or one level below the operating segment level.
For reporting units which do not meet this exclusion, the quantitative goodwill impairment analysis is performed in accordance with ASU No. 2017-04, Intangibles, Goodwill and Other (Topic 350), Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment, (“ASU- 2017-04”), which the Company early adopted as part of its fiscal 2017 annual goodwill impairment test. This analysis involves comparing each reporting unit's estimated fair value to its carrying value, including goodwill. Each reporting unit regularly prepares discrete operating forecasts and uses these forecasts as the basis for the assumptions used in the discounted cash flow analysis. If the estimated fair value of a reporting unit exceeds its carrying value, goodwill is considered not to be impaired and no further testing is required.
During fiscal 2018 the Company recorded a total impairment charge of $7.9 million to goodwill related to its Earth Origins retail business. Refer to Note 1, "Significant Accounting Policies", and Note 5, "Restructuring Activities", to our Consolidated Financial Statements included in "Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data" of this Annual Report for further detail. The Company performed a qualitative test on its other reporting units during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2018 based on the criteria noted above and determined that a quantitative test was not required.
Intangible assets and other long lived assets with finite lives are tested for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. Cash flows expected to be generated by the related assets are estimated over the asset's useful life based on updated projections. If the evaluation indicates that the carrying amount of the asset may not be recoverable, the potential impairment is measured based on a projected discounted cash flow model. Impairment is measured as the difference between the fair value of the asset and its carrying value.
In accordance with ASU No. 2011-08, the Company is allowed to perform a qualitative assessment for indefinite lived intangible assets unless it believes it is more likely than not that an intangible asset's fair value is less than the carrying value. The thresholds used by the Company for this determination in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2018 were for any intangible assets (or groups of assets) that (1) have passed their previous quantitative test with a margin of calculated fair value versus carrying value of at least 20%, (2) have had a quantitative test performed within the past five years, and (3) have current year income which is at least 85% of the immediately preceding fiscal year's amounts.
As of July 28, 2018, our annual assessment of each of our intangible assets with indefinite lives indicated that no impairment existed. Total indefinite lived intangible assets as of July 28, 2018 and July 29, 2017 were $55.8 million and $55.8 million, respectively. Total finite-lived intangible assets as of July 28, 2018 and July 29, 2017 were $137.4 million and $152.5 million, respectively.
Income Taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes under the asset and liability method. Under the asset and liability method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured

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using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.

The calculation of the Company's tax liabilities includes addressing uncertainties in the application of complex tax regulations and is based on the financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. Addressing these uncertainties requires judgment and estimates; however, actual results could differ, and we may be exposed to losses or gains. Our effective tax rate in a given financial statement period could be affected based on favorable or unfavorable tax settlements. Unfavorable tax settlements will generally require the use of cash and may result in an increase to our effective tax rate in the period of resolution. Favorable tax settlements may be recognized as a reduction to our effective tax rate in the period of resolution.

On December 22, 2017, the U.S. government enacted comprehensive tax legislation under the TCJA. The TCJA makes broad and complex changes to the U.S. tax code, including reducing the U.S. federal corporate tax rate from 35 percent to 21 percent, effective January 1, 2018. Shortly after the TCJA was enacted, the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") issued accounting guidance, which provides a one-year measurement period during which a company may complete its accounting for the impacts of the TCJA. To the extent a company’s accounting for certain income tax effects of the TCJA is incomplete, the company may determine a reasonable estimate for those effects and record a provisional estimate in its financial statements. See “Note 12 Income Taxes” for further effects of the new tax legislation on the Company.

Commitments and Contingencies
The following schedule summarizes our contractual obligations and commercial commitments as of July 28, 2018:
 
Payments Due by Period
 
Total
 
Less than
One Year
 
1–3
Years
 
3–5
Years
 
Thereafter
 
(in thousands)
Inventory purchase commitments
$
15,873

 
$
15,873

 
$

 
$

 
$

Notes payable (1)
210,000

 

 
210,000

 

 

Long-term debt (2)
151,314

 
12,441

 
106,019

 
7,618

 
25,236

Deferred compensation
6,708

 
1,147

 
1,725

 
1,487

 
2,349

Multi-employer plan withdrawal liability
3,380

 
100

 
220

 
251

 
2,809

Long-term non-capitalized leases
231,740

 
64,688

 
89,362

 
46,804

 
30,886

Total
$
619,015

 
$
94,249

 
$
407,326

 
$
56,160

 
$
61,280

(1) The notes payable obligations shown reflect the expiration of the Existing ABL Loan Agreement, not necessarily the underlying individual borrowings. Notes payable does not include outstanding letters of credit of approximately $24.3 million at July 28, 2018 or approximately $13.0 million in interest payments (including unused lines fees) projected to be due in future years (less than 1 year – $6.3 million; 1-3 years – $5.5 million; and 3-5 years – $1.2 million) based on the variable rates in effect at July 28, 2018. Variable rates, as well as outstanding principal balances, could change in future periods. See "Liquidity and Capital Resources" above and Note 7 "Notes Payable" to our Consolidated Financial Statements included in "Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data" of this Annual Report for a discussion of our credit facility.
(2) Long-term debt does not include interest payments projected to be due in future years related to our capital lease obligations and the Existing Term Loan Agreement, which amount to approximately $20.9 million and $10.8 million, respectively (less than 1 year - $6.7 million; 1-3 years - $11.7 million; 3-5 years - $8.5 million; thereafter - $4.8 million). See Note 8 "Long-Term Debt" to our Consolidated Financial Statements included in "Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data" of this Annual Report for a discussion of our long-term debt.
Included in other liabilities in the consolidated balance sheet at July 28, 2018 are uncertain tax positions including potential interest and penalties of $0.9 million that have been taken or are expected to be taken in various income tax returns. The Company does not know the ultimate resolution of these uncertain tax positions and as such, does not know the ultimate timing of payments related to this liability. Accordingly, these amounts are not included in the table above.

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Recently Issued Financial Accounting Standards
For a discussion of recently issued financial accounting standards, refer to Note 1, "Significant Accounting Policies," to our Consolidated Financial Statements included in "Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data" of this Annual Report on for further detail.
ITEM 7A.    QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK.
We are exposed to interest rate fluctuations on our borrowings. As more fully described in Note 9 "Fair Value Measurements" to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in "Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data" of this Annual Report, we have used interest rate swap agreements to modify certain of our variable rate obligations to fixed rate obligations.
At July 28, 2018, we had long-term floating rate debt under the Existing ABL Loan Agreement of $210.0 million and our Existing Term Loan Agreement of $110.0 million, gross of deferred financing costs, and long-term fixed rate debt of $41.3 million, representing 88.6% and 11.4%, respectively, of our long-term borrowings. At July 29, 2017, we had long-term floating rate debt under the Existing ABL Loan Agreement of $223.6 million and our Existing Term Loan Agreement of $120.0 million, gross of deferred financing costs, and long-term fixed rate debt of $43.4 million, representing 88.8% and 11.2%, respectively, of our long-term borrowings. Holding other debt levels constant, a 25 basis point increase in interest rates would change the unrealized fair market value of our fixed rate debt by approximately $0.5 million and $0.6 million for the fiscal years ended July 28, 2018 and July 29, 2017, respectively.

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ITEM 8.    FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
The financial statements listed below are filed as part of this Annual Report.
INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
United Natural Foods, Inc. and Subsidiaries:
 
Page
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
The Stockholders and Board of Directors
United Natural Foods, Inc.:

Opinions on the Consolidated Financial Statements and Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of United Natural Foods, Inc. and subsidiaries (the Company) as of July 28, 2018 and July 29, 2017, the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended July 28, 2018 and the related notes, (collectively the consolidated financial statements). We also have audited the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of July 28, 2018, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO).
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of July 28, 2018 and July 29, 2017, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended July 28, 2018, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Also in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of July 28, 2018, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.
Basis for Opinions
The Company’s management is responsible for these consolidated financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audits of the consolidated financial statements included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.
Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

kpmga01a04.jpg


We have served as the Company’s auditor since 1993.
Providence, Rhode Island
September 24, 2018


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UNITED NATURAL FOODS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In thousands, except per share data)
 
July 28,
2018
 
July 29,
2017
ASSETS
 
 
 
Current assets:
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
$
23,315

 
$
15,414

Accounts receivable, net of allowance of $15,996 and $13,939, respectively
579,702

 
525,636

Inventories
1,135,775

 
1,031,690

Deferred income taxes

 
40,635

Prepaid expenses and other current assets
50,122

 
49,295

Total current assets
1,788,914

 
1,662,670

Property and equipment, net
571,146

 
602,090

Goodwill
362,495

 
371,259

Intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization of $64,438 and $49,926, respectively
193,209

 
208,289

Other assets
48,708

 
42,255

Total assets
$
2,964,472

 
$
2,886,563

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
 
 
 
Current liabilities:
 
 
 
Accounts payable
$
517,125

 
$
534,616

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities
169,658

 
157,243

Current portion of long-term debt
12,441

 
12,128

Total current liabilities
699,224

 
703,987

Notes payable
210,000

 
223,612

Deferred income taxes
44,384

 
98,833

Other long-term liabilities
27,200

 
28,347

Long-term debt, excluding current portion
137,709

 
149,863

Total liabilities
1,118,517

 
1,204,642

Commitments and contingencies (Note 10)

 

Stockholders' equity:
 
 
 
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value, authorized 5,000 shares; none issued or outstanding

 

Common stock, $0.01 par value, authorized 100,000 shares; 51,025 shares issued and 50,411 shares outstanding at July 28, 2018; 50,622 issued and outstanding shares at July 29, 2017
510

 
506

Additional paid-in capital
483,623

 
460,011

Treasury stock at cost
(24,231
)
 

Accumulated other comprehensive loss
(14,179
)
 
(13,963
)
Retained earnings
1,400,232

 
1,235,367

Total stockholders' equity
1,845,955

 
1,681,921

Total liabilities and stockholders' equity
$
2,964,472

 
$
2,886,563

   
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

40

Table of Contents

UNITED NATURAL FOODS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(In thousands, except per share data)
 
Fiscal year ended
 
July 28,
2018
 
July 29,
2017
 
July 30,
2016
Net sales
$
10,226,683

 
$
9,274,471

 
$
8,470,286

Cost of sales
8,703,916

 
7,845,550

 
7,190,935

Gross profit
1,522,767

 
1,428,921

 
1,279,351

Operating expenses
1,279,529

 
1,196,032

 
1,049,690

Restructuring and asset impairment expenses
16,013

 
6,864

 
5,552

Total operating expenses
1,295,542

 
1,202,896

 
1,055,242

Operating income
227,225

 
226,025

 
224,109

Other expense (income):
 
 
 
 
 
Interest expense
16,471

 
17,114

 
16,259

Interest income
(446
)
 
(360
)
 
(1,115
)
Other, net
(1,545
)
 
(5,152
)
 
743

Total other expense, net
14,480

 
11,602

 
15,887

Income before income taxes
212,745

 
214,423

 
208,222

Provision for income taxes
47,075

 
84,268

 
82,456

Net income
$
165,670

 
$
130,155

 
$
125,766

Basic per share data:
 
 
 
 
 
Net income
$
3.28


$
2.57


$
2.50

Weighted average basic shares of common stock
50,530

 
50,570

 
50,313

Diluted per share data:
 
 
 
 
 
Net income
$
3.26

 
$
2.56

 
$
2.50

Weighted average diluted shares of common stock
50,837

 
50,775

 
50,399

   
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

41

Table of Contents

UNITED NATURAL FOODS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(In thousands)
 
Fiscal year ended
 
July 28,
2018
 
July 29,
2017
 
July 30,
2016
Net income
$
165,670

 
$
130,155

 
$
125,766

Other comprehensive income (loss):
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign currency translation adjustments
(3,791
)
 
3,537

 
205

Change in fair value of swap agreements, net of tax
3,575

 
4,879

 
(3,141
)
Total other comprehensive (loss) income
(216
)
 
8,416

 
(2,936
)
Total comprehensive income
$
165,454

 
$
138,571

 
$
122,830


See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.


42

Table of Contents

UNITED NATURAL FOODS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
 
Common Stock
 
Treasury Stock
 
Additional
Paid in
Capital
 
Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income
 
Retained Earnings
 
Total
Stockholders'
Equity
(In thousands)
Shares
 
Amount
 
Shares
 
Amount
 
Balances at August 1, 2015
50,096

 
$
501

 

 
$

 
$
420,584

 
$
(19,443
)
 
$
979,446

 
$
1,381,088

Stock option exercises and restricted stock vestings, net
287

 
3

 


 


 
291

 
 

 


 
294

Share-based compensation
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
15,308

 
 
 
 
 
15,308

Share-based compensation / restructuring costs
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
67

 
 
 
 
 
67

Tax deficit associated with stock plans
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
(83
)
 
 

 
 

 
(83
)
Fair value of swap agreement, net of tax
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 
 
(3,141
)
 
 

 
(3,141
)
Foreign currency translation
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
205

 
 

 
205

Net income
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
125,766

 
125,766

Balances at July 30, 2016
50,383

 
$
504

 

 
$

 
$
436,167

 
$
(22,379
)
 
$
1,105,212

 
$
1,519,504

Stock option exercises and restricted stock vestings, net
239

 
2

 


 


 
(1,041
)
 
 

 


 
(1,039
)
Share-based compensation
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
25,675

 
 

 
 

 
25,675

Share-based compensation / restructuring costs
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
530

 
 
 
 
 
530

Tax deficit associated with stock plans
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
(1,320
)
 
 

 
 

 
(1,320
)
Fair value of swap agreements, net of tax
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
4,879

 
 

 
4,879

Foreign currency translation
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
3,537

 
 

 
3,537

Net income
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
130,155

 
130,155

Balances at July 29, 2017
50,622

 
$
506

 

 
$

 
$
460,011

 
$
(13,963
)
 
$
1,235,367

 
$
1,681,921

Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
1,314

 
 

 
(805
)
 
509

Stock option exercises and restricted stock vestings, net
403

 
4

 


 


 
(3,592
)
 
 

 


 
(3,588
)
Share-based compensation
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
25,783

 
 

 
 

 
25,783

Repurchase of common stock
 
 
 
 
615

 
(24,231
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(24,231
)
Share-based compensation / restructuring costs
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
107

 
 
 
 
 
107

Fair value of swap agreements, net of tax
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
3,575

 
 

 
3,575

Foreign currency translation
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
(3,791
)
 
 

 
(3,791
)
Net income
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
165,670

 
165,670

Balances at July 28, 2018
51,025

 
$
510

 
615

 
$
(24,231
)
 
$
483,623

 
$
(14,179
)
 
$
1,400,232

 
$
1,845,955

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

43

Table of Contents

UNITED NATURAL FOODS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
 
Fiscal year ended
(In thousands)
July 28,
2018

July 29,
2017
 
July 30,
2016
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
 

 
 
 
Net income
$
165,670


$
130,155

 
$
125,766

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
 

 
 
 
Depreciation and amortization
87,631


86,051

 
71,006

Deferred income tax (benefit) expense
(14,819
)

(1,891
)
 
12,480

Share-based compensation
25,783


25,675

 
15,308

Excess tax deficit from share-based payment arrangements


1,320

 
83

Loss on disposition of assets
2,820


943

 
458

Restructuring and asset impairment
3,370


640

 
758

Goodwill impairment
7,872



 

Gain associated with disposal of investment
(699
)

(6,106
)
 

Change in accounting estimate
(20,909
)


 

Provision for doubtful accounts
12,006


5,728

 
6,426

   Non-cash interest expense (income)
275


175

 
(106
)
Changes in assets and liabilities, net of acquired companies:
 

 
 
 
Accounts receivable
(67,283
)

(38,757
)
 
29,417

Inventories
(108,795
)

(6,929
)
 
2,113

Prepaid expenses and other assets
4,473


(6,383
)
 
5,381

Accounts payable
4,395


90,217

 
14,379

Accrued expenses and other liabilities
7,682


(62
)
 
13,140

Net cash provided by operating activities
109,472


280,776

 
296,609

CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
 

 
 
 
Capital expenditures
(44,608
)

(56,112
)
 
(41,375
)
Purchases of acquired businesses, net of cash acquired
(39
)

(9,207
)
 
(306,724
)
Long-term investment
(3,397
)

(2,000
)


Proceeds from disposal of investment
756

 
9,192

 

Payment of company owned life insurance premiums


(2,000
)

(2,925
)
Proceeds from disposition of assets
283


168

 
109

Net cash used in investing activities
(47,005
)

(59,959
)
 
(350,915
)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
 

 
 
 
Proceeds from borrowings under revolving credit line
556,061


215,662

 
709,972

Repayments of borrowings under revolving credit line
(569,671
)

(418,693
)
 
(646,481
)
Repayments of long-term debt
(12,128
)

(11,546
)
 
(11,255
)
Repurchase of common stock
(24,231
)
 

 

(Decrease) increase in bank overdraft
(434
)

(7,445
)
 
6,063

Proceeds from exercise of stock options
975


274

 
2,011

Payment of employee restricted stock tax withholdings
(4,563
)

(1,313
)
 
(1,717
)
Excess tax deficit from share-based payment arrangements


(1,320
)
 
(83
)
Capitalized debt issuance costs


(180
)
 
(2,164
)
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities