UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
SCHEDULE 14A
Proxy Statement Pursuant to Section 14(a) of
the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
(Amendment No. )
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Assured Guaranty Ltd.
(Name of Registrant as Specified In Its Charter)
(Name of Person(s) Filing Proxy Statement, if other than the Registrant)
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Assured Guaranty [Cover Art to Follow] 2018 Annual Meeting of Shareholders and Proxy Statement
DEAR SHAREHOLDERS: | March 21, 2018 |
It is with great pleasure that we invite you to our 2018 Annual General Meeting of shareholders on Wednesday, May 2, 2018, at 6 Bevis Marks in London. Whether or not you plan to attend the meeting in person, please vote your shares; your vote is important to us.
Assured Guarantys 2017 financial performance was excellent. Our shareholders equity per share, non-GAAP operating shareholders equity per share1 and non-GAAP adjusted book value per share1 all reached record levels, at $58.95, $56.20 and $77.74, respectively. These records reflect the great strides we continued to make on our four main strategies:
| Growing our new business production. Our gross written premiums, at $307 million, were the highest since 2009, while our premium production, a non-GAAP financial measure we use to measure our new business production and which we refer to as PVP1, was at $289 million and the highest it has been since 2010. All three of our business markets again contributed to our premium production. As the leading financial guarantor in the market today, we believe we are well positioned for growth as interest rates normalize.1 |
| Managing capital efficiently. During 2017, we returned to our shareholders approximately $571 million through purchases of our common shares and dividend payments. We also obtained regulatory approval for our subsidiaries Assured Guaranty Municipal Corp. and Assured Guaranty Corp. to repurchase an aggregate $300 million of their common stock from their respective parents; these funds will be available for corporate purposes, including repurchasing more of our common shares. |
| Alternative strategies. In 2017, we completed our purchase of the European operating subsidiary of MBIA Insurance Corporation, resulting in a bargain purchase gain and settlement of preexisting relationships of $58 million. We also reassumed three previously ceded portfolios, resulting in aggregate commutation gains of $328 million. Additionally, we made our first investments in the asset management area by agreeing to purchase up to $100 million of limited partnership interests in a fund that invests in the equity of private equity managers and by purchasing a minority interest in Wasmer, Schroeder & Company, LLC. We also negotiated the acquisition of a minority interest in the holding company of Rubicon Investment Advisors, a full-service investment banking firm active in the global infrastructure sector; that transaction closed in February 2018. Also in February 2018, we announced an agreement with Syncora Guarantee Inc. (SGI) to reinsure, generally on a 100% quota share basis, substantially all of SGIs insured portfolio. |
| Proactive loss mitigation. In 2017, we successfully concluded two financial crisis-era recovery legal actions for a pre-tax gain of $151 million, again demonstrating our perseverance and resilience in pursuing recovery litigation when required to enforce our rights. We reacted to the devastating landfall of Hurricane Maria in the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico in September with patience and by withdrawing two of our legal complaints (without prejudice) to give the Commonwealth an opportunity to regroup. We will assert our rights unless the Commonwealth and its advisors respond with revised fiscal plans that recognize creditors rights, the requirements of the federal Puerto Rico Oversight, Management, and Economic Stability Act (PROMESA), and constitutional requirements. |
We provide further detail about our accomplishments and plans for the future in the Letter to Shareholders accompanying our 2017 Annual Report. We encourage you to review that letter and our 2017 Annual Report, as well as the Proxy Statement that follows this letter.
We look forward to another successful year.
Sincerely,
|
| |
Francisco L. Borges | Dominic J. Frederico | |
Chairman of the Board |
President and Chief Executive Officer |
1 | Non-GAAP operating shareholders equity per share, non-GAAP adjusted book value per share, non-GAAP operating income and PVP are non-GAAP financial measures. An explanation of these measures, which are considered when setting executive compensation, and a reconciliation to the most comparable GAAP measures, may be found on pages 92 to 96 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017. In addition, please refer to the section entitled Forward Looking Statements following the cover of that Annual Report on Form 10-K. |
March 21, 2018
Hamilton, Bermuda
NOTICE OF ANNUAL
GENERAL MEETING
TO THE SHAREHOLDERS OF ASSURED GUARANTY LTD.:
The Annual General Meeting of Assured Guaranty Ltd., which we refer to as AGL, will be held on Wednesday, May 2, 2018, at 8:00 a.m. London Time, at 6 Bevis Marks, London, EC3A 7BA, United Kingdom, for the following purposes:
1. | To elect our board of directors; |
2. | To approve, on an advisory basis, the compensation paid to AGLs named executive officers; |
3. | To appoint PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP as AGLs independent auditor for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2018, and to authorize the Board of Directors, acting through its Audit Committee, to set the fees for the independent auditor; |
4. | To direct AGL to vote for directors of, and the appointment of the independent auditor for, its subsidiary Assured Guaranty Re Ltd.; and |
5. | To transact such other business, if any, as lawfully may be brought before the meeting. |
Shareholders of record are being mailed a Notice Regarding the Availability of Proxy Materials on or around March 21, 2018, which provides shareholders with instructions on how to access the proxy materials and our 2017 annual report on the Internet, and if they prefer, how to request paper copies of these materials.
Only shareholders of record, as shown by the transfer books of AGL, at the close of business on March 8, 2018, are entitled to notice of, and to vote at, the Annual General Meeting.
SHAREHOLDERS OF RECORD MAY VOTE UP UNTIL 12:00 NOON EASTERN DAYLIGHT TIME ON MAY 1, 2018. BENEFICIAL OWNERS MUST SUBMIT THEIR VOTING INSTRUCTIONS SO THAT THEIR BROKERS WILL BE ABLE TO VOTE BY 11:59 P.M. EASTERN DAYLIGHT TIME ON April 30, 2018.
WHETHER OR NOT YOU PLAN TO ATTEND THE ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING IN PERSON AND REGARDLESS OF THE NUMBER OF SHARES YOU OWN, PLEASE VOTE AS PROMPTLY AS POSSIBLE VIA THE INTERNET OR BY TELEPHONE. ALTERNATIVELY, IF YOU HAVE REQUESTED WRITTEN PROXY MATERIALS, PLEASE SIGN, DATE AND RETURN THE PROXY CARD IN THE RETURN ENVELOPE PROVIDED AS PROMPTLY AS POSSIBLE. IF YOU LATER DESIRE TO REVOKE YOUR PROXY FOR ANY REASON, YOU MAY DO SO IN THE MANNER DESCRIBED IN THE ATTACHED PROXY STATEMENT. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONCERNING THE INDIVIDUALS NOMINATED AS DIRECTORS, THE PROPOSALS BEING VOTED UPON, USE OF THE PROXY AND OTHER RELATED MATTERS, YOU ARE URGED TO READ THE ATTACHED PROXY STATEMENT.
By Order of the Board of Directors,
Ling Chow
Secretary
PROXY STATEMENT
Assured Guaranty Ltd. | March 21, 2018 |
This summary highlights information contained elsewhere in this proxy statement and does not contain all of the information that you should consider before voting. For more complete information about the following topics, please review the complete proxy statement and the Annual Report on Form 10-K of Assured Guaranty Ltd. (which we refer to as AGL, we, us or our; we use Assured Guaranty, our Company or the Company to refer to AGL and its subsidiaries).
We intend to begin distribution of the Notice Regarding the Availability of Proxy Materials to shareholders on or about March 21, 2018.
ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING OF SHAREHOLDERS
Time and Date | 8:00 a.m. London time, May 2, 2018 | |
Place | 6 Bevis Marks London, EC3A 7BA United Kingdom | |
Record Date | March 8, 2018 | |
Voting | Shareholders as of the record date are entitled to vote. Each Common Share is entitled to one vote for each director nominee and one vote for each of the proposals to be voted on. Shareholders of record may vote up until 12:00 noon Eastern Daylight Time on May 1, 2018. Beneficial owners must submit their voting instructions so that their broker will be able to vote by 11:59 p.m. Eastern Daylight Time on April 30, 2018. In spite of deadlines, holders who attend the Annual General Meeting will be able to vote in person. |
Agenda Item | Board Vote Recommendation |
Page Reference (for More Detail) | ||
For each director nominee | Page 11 | |||
To approve, on an advisory basis, the compensation paid to AGLs named executive officers |
For | Page 64 | ||
For | Page 65 | |||
For each director nominee and for the independent auditor |
Page 67 |
We will also transact any other business that may properly come before the meeting.
1
SUMMARY DIRECTOR INFORMATION
The following table provides summary information about each director nominee. Each director nominee will be elected for a one-year term by a majority of votes cast.
DIRECTOR SINCE |
COMMITTEES | |||||||||||||||||||||||
NOMINEE | AGE | PRINCIPAL OCCUPATION | A | C | F | NG | RO | E | ||||||||||||||||
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Francisco L. Borges | 66 | 2007 | Chairman, Landmark Partners, LLC |
«
|
«
| ||||||||||||||||||
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G. Lawrence Buhl | 71 | 2004 | Former Regional Director for Insurance Services, Ernst & Young LLP |
«
|
✓
|
||||||||||||||||||
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Dominic J. Frederico | 65 | 2004 | President and Chief Executive Officer, Assured Guaranty Ltd. |
✓ | |||||||||||||||||||
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Bonnie L. Howard | 64 | 2012 | Former Chief Auditor and Global Head of Control and Emerging Risk, Citigroup |
✓
|
«
|
||||||||||||||||||
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Thomas W. Jones | 68 | 2015 | Founder and Senior Partner of TWJ Capital, LLC | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||||||||||||||
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Patrick W. Kenny | 75 | 2004 | Former President and Chief Executive Officer, International Insurance Society |
«
|
✓
|
✓
| |||||||||||||||||
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Alan J. Kreczko | 66 | 2015 | Former Executive Vice President and General Counsel of The Hartford Financial Services Group, Inc. |
✓ | ✓ | ||||||||||||||||||
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Simon W. Leathes | 70 | 2013 | Former independent non-executive director of HSBC Bank plc |
✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||||||||||||||||
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Michael T. OKane | 72 | 2005 | Former Senior Managing Director, Securities Division, TIAA CREF |
✓
|
«
|
||||||||||||||||||
|
Yukiko Omura | 62 | 2014 | Former Undersecretary General and Vice President/COO, International Fund for Agricultural Development | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||||||||||||||
2017 Meetings | 4 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 0 |
A: Audit; C: Compensation; F: Finance; NG: Nominating and Governance; RO: Risk Oversight; E: Executive;
«: Chair; ✓: Member
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Our Board of Directors maintains strong corporate governance policies.
| The Board and management have reviewed the rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission (which we refer to as the SEC) and the New York Stock Exchange (which we refer to as the NYSE) listing standards regarding corporate governance policies and processes, and we are in compliance with the rules and listing standards. |
| We have adopted Corporate Governance Guidelines covering issues such as director qualification standards (including independence), director responsibilities, Board self-evaluations, and executive sessions of the Board. |
| Our Corporate Governance Guidelines contain our Categorical Standards for Director Independence. |
| We have adopted a Code of Conduct for our employees and directors and charters for each Board committee. |
The full text of our Corporate Governance Guidelines, our Code of Conduct and each committee charter, are available on our website at www.assuredguaranty.com/governance. In addition, you may request copies of the Corporate Governance Guidelines, the Code of Conduct and the committee charters by contacting our Secretary via:
Telephone | (441) 279-5725 | |
Facsimile | (441) 279-5701 | |
generalcounsel@agltd.com |
Our Board of Directors oversees our business and monitors the performance of management. The directors keep themselves up-to-date on our Company by discussing matters with Mr. Frederico, who is our Chief Executive Officer (and whom we refer to as our CEO), other key executives and our principal external advisors, such as outside auditors, outside legal counsel, investment bankers and other consultants, by reading the reports and other materials that we send them regularly and by participating in Board and committee meetings.
The Board usually meets four times per year in regularly scheduled meetings, but will meet more often if necessary. During 2017, the Board met four times. All of our directors attended at least 75% of the aggregate number of meetings of the Board and committees of the Board of which they were a member held while they were in office during the year ended December 31, 2017.
In February 2018, our Board determined that, other than our CEO Mr. Frederico, all of our directors are independent under the listing standards of the NYSE. These independent directors constitute substantially more than a majority of our Board. In making its determination of independence, the Board applied its Categorical Standards for Director Independence and determined that no other material relationships existed between our Company and these directors. A copy of our Categorical Standards for Director Independence is available as part of our Corporate Governance Guidelines, which are available on our website at www.assuredguaranty.com/governance. In addition, as part of the independence determination, our Board monitors the independence of Audit and Compensation Committee members under rules of the SEC and NYSE listing standards that are applicable to members of the audit committee and compensation committees.
As part of its independence determinations, the Board considered the other directorships held by the independent directors and determined that none of these directorships constituted a material relationship with our Company.
The independent directors meet at regularly scheduled executive sessions without the participation of management. The Chairman of the Board is the presiding director for executive sessions of independent directors.
OTHER CORPORATE GOVERNANCE HIGHLIGHTS
| Our Board has a substantial majority of independent directors. |
| All members of the Audit, Compensation, Nominating and Governance, Finance, and Risk Oversight Committees are independent directors. |
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| Our Audit Committee recommends to the Board, which recommends to the shareholders, the annual appointment of our independent auditor. Each year our shareholders are asked to authorize the Board, acting through its Audit Committee, to determine the compensation of, and the scope of services performed by, our independent auditor. The Audit Committee also has the authority to retain outside advisors. |
| No member of our Audit Committee simultaneously serves on the audit committee of more than one other public company. |
| Our Compensation Committee has engaged a compensation consultant, Frederic W. Cook & Co., Inc., which we refer to as Cook, to assist it in evaluating the compensation of our CEO, based on corporate goals and objectives and, with the other independent directors, setting his compensation based on this evaluation. Cook has also assisted us in designing our executive compensation program. The Compensation Committee has conducted an assessment of Cooks independence and has determined that Cook does not have any conflict of interest. Our Nominating and Governance Committee also engages Cook to assist it in evaluating the compensation of our Board of Directors. |
| We established an Executive Committee to exercise certain authority of the Board in the management of company affairs between regularly scheduled meetings of the Board when it is determined that a specified matter should not be postponed to the next scheduled meeting of the Board. Our Executive Committee did not meet in 2017. |
| We have adopted a Code of Conduct applicable to all directors, officers and employees that sets forth basic principles to guide their day-to-day activities. The Code of Conduct addresses, among other things, conflicts of interest, corporate opportunities, confidentiality, fair dealing, protection and proper use of company assets, compliance with laws and regulations, including insider trading laws, and reporting illegal or unethical behavior. The full text of our Code of Conduct is available on our website at www.assuredguaranty.com/governance. |
| In addition to AGLs quarterly Board meetings, our Board has an annual business review meeting to assess specific areas of our Companys operations and to learn about general trends affecting the financial guaranty industry. We also provide our directors with the opportunity to attend continuing education programs. |
In accordance with its charter, the Nominating and Governance Committee identifies potential nominees for directors from various sources. The Nominating and Governance Committee:
| Reviews the qualifications of potential nominees to determine whether they might be good candidates for Board of Directors membership |
| Reviews the potential nominees judgment, experience, independence, understanding of our business or other related industries and such other factors as it determines are relevant in light of the needs of the Board of Directors and our Company |
| Selects qualified candidates and reviews its recommendations with the Board of Directors, which will decide whether to nominate the person for election to the Board of Directors at an Annual General Meeting of Shareholders (which we refer to as an Annual General Meeting). Between Annual General Meetings, the Board, upon the recommendation of the Nominating and Governance Committee, can fill vacancies on the Board by appointing a director to serve until the next Annual General Meeting |
The Nominating and Governance Committee has the authority to retain search firms to be used to identify director candidates and to approve the search firms fees and other retention terms. The Nominating and Governance Committee may also retain other advisors.
We believe that diversity among members of the Board is an important consideration and is critical to the Boards ability to perform its duties and various roles. Accordingly, in recommending nominees, the Board considers a wide range of individual perspectives and backgrounds in addition to diversity in professional experience and training. Our Board is currently composed of individuals from different disciplines, including lawyers, accountants and individuals who have industry, finance, executive and international experience, and is composed of both men and women and citizens of the United States, the United Kingdom and Japan. Our Corporate Governance Guidelines address diversity of experience, requiring the Nominating and Governance Committee to review annually the skills and attributes of Board members within the context of the current make-up of the full Board. Our Corporate Governance Guidelines also provide that Board members should have individual backgrounds that when combined provide a portfolio of experience and knowledge that will serve our governance and strategic needs. The Nominating and Governance Committee will consider Board candidates on the basis of a range of criteria including broad-based business knowledge and contacts, prominence and sound reputation in their fields as well as having a global business perspective and commitment to good corporate citizenship. Our Corporate Governance Guidelines specify that directors should represent all shareholders and not any special interest group or constituency. The Nominating and Governance Committee annually reviews its own performance. In connection with such evaluation, the Nominating and Governance Committee assesses whether it effectively nominates candidates for director in accordance with the above described standards specified by the Corporate Governance Guidelines. See each nominees biography appearing later in this proxy statement for a description of the specific experience that each such individual brings to our Board.
Our Corporate Governance Guidelines additionally specify that directors should be able and prepared to provide wise and thoughtful counsel to top management on the full range of potential issues facing us. Directors must possess the highest personal and professional integrity. Directors must have the time necessary to fully meet their duty of due care to the shareholders and be willing to commit to service over the long term.
4
The Nominating and Governance Committee will consider a shareholders recommendation for director but has no obligation to recommend such candidates for nomination by the Board of Directors. Assuming that appropriate biographical and background material is provided for candidates recommended by shareholders, the Nominating and Governance Committee will evaluate those candidates by following substantially the same process and applying substantially the same criteria as for candidates recommended by other sources. If a shareholder has a suggestion for candidates for election, the shareholder should send it to: Secretary, Assured Guaranty Ltd., 30 Woodbourne Avenue, Hamilton HM 08, Bermuda. No person recommended by a shareholder will become a nominee for director and be included in a proxy statement unless the Nominating and Governance Committee recommends, and the Board approves, such person.
If a shareholder desires to nominate a person for election as director at an Annual General Meeting, that shareholder must comply with Article 14 of AGLs Bye-Laws, which requires notice no later than 90 days prior to the anniversary date of the immediately preceding Annual General Meeting. This time period has passed with respect to the 2018 Annual General Meeting. With respect to the 2019 Annual General Meeting, AGL must receive such written notice on or prior to February 1, 2019. Such notice must describe the nomination in sufficient detail to be summarized on the agenda for the meeting and must set forth:
| the shareholders name as it appears in AGLs books |
| a representation that the shareholder is a record holder of AGLs shares and intends to appear in person or by proxy at the meeting to present such proposal |
| the class and number of shares beneficially owned by the shareholder |
| the name and address of any person to be nominated |
| a description of all arrangements or understandings between the shareholder and each nominee and any other person or persons, naming such other person or persons, pursuant to which the nomination or nominations are to be made by the shareholder |
| such other information regarding each nominee proposed by such shareholder as would be required to be included in a proxy statement filed pursuant to the SECs proxy regulations |
| the consent of each nominee to serve as a director of AGL, if so elected |
The Board of Directors has established an Audit Committee, a Compensation Committee, a Finance Committee, a Nominating and Governance Committee, a Risk Oversight Committee and an Executive Committee.
The Audit Committee
|
Chairman: G. Lawrence Buhl / 4 meetings during 2017
| |
Other Audit Committee members: Thomas W. Jones, Alan J. Kreczko, Michael T. OKane
|
The Audit Committee provides oversight of the integrity of our Companys financial statements and financial reporting process, our compliance with legal and regulatory requirements (including cybersecurity requirements), the system of internal controls, the audit process, the performance of our internal audit program and the performance, qualification and independence of the independent auditor.
The Audit Committee is composed entirely of directors who are independent of our Company and management, as defined by the NYSE listing standards.
The Board has determined that each member of the Audit Committee satisfies the financial literacy requirements of the NYSE and, except for Mr. Kreczko, is an audit committee financial expert, as that term is defined under Item 407(d) of the SECs Regulation S-K. For additional information about the qualifications of the Audit Committee members, see their respective biographies set forth in Proposal No. 1: Election of Directors.
The Compensation Committee
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Chairman: Patrick W. Kenny / 5 meetings during 2017
| |
Other Compensation Committee members: G. Lawrence Buhl, Simon W. Leathes
|
The Compensation Committee has responsibility for evaluating the performance of our CEO and senior management and determining executive compensation in conjunction with the independent directors. The Compensation Committee also works with the Nominating and Governance Committee and our CEO on succession planning.
The Compensation Committee is composed entirely of directors who are independent of our Company and management, as defined by the NYSE listing standards.
The Compensation Committees meetings included discussions with Cook to review executive compensation trends and peer group compensation data and to evaluate the risk of our executive compensation program.
5
The Finance Committee
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Chairman: Michael T. OKane / 4 meetings during 2017
| |
Other Finance Committee members: Thomas W. Jones, Alan J. Kreczko, Yukiko Omura
|
The Finance Committee of the Board of Directors oversees managements investment of our Companys investment portfolio, including in alternative investments. The Finance Committee also oversees, and makes recommendations to the Board with respect to, our capital structure, dividends, financing arrangements, investment guidelines, potential alternative investments and any corporate development activities.
The Nominating and Governance Committee
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Chairman: Francisco Borges / 4 meetings during 2017
| |
Other Nominating and Governance Committee members: Bonnie L. Howard, Patrick W. Kenny
|
The responsibilities of the Nominating and Governance Committee include identifying individuals qualified to become Board members, recommending director nominees to the Board and developing and recommending corporate governance guidelines. The Nominating and Governance Committee also has responsibility to review and make recommendations to the full Board regarding director compensation. In addition to general corporate governance matters, the Nominating and Governance Committee assists the Board and the Board committees in their self-evaluations. The Nominating and Governance Committee is composed entirely of directors who are independent of our Company and management, as defined by the NYSE listing standards.
The Risk Oversight Committee
|
Chairman: Bonnie L. Howard / 4 meetings during 2017
| |
Other Risk Oversight Committee members: Simon W. Leathes, Yukiko Omura
|
The Risk Oversight Committee oversees managements establishment and implementation of standards, controls, limits, guidelines and policies relating to risk assessment and enterprise risk management. The Risk Oversight Committee focuses on both the underwriting and surveillance of credit risks and the assessment and management of other risks, including, but not limited to, financial, legal, operational (including cybersecurity) and other risks concerning our Companys reputation and ethical standards.
The Executive Committee
|
Chairman: Francisco L. Borges / 0 meeting during 2017
| |
Other Executive Committee members: Dominic J. Frederico, Patrick W. Kenny, Simon W. Leathes
|
The Executive Committee was established to have, and to exercise, certain of the powers and authority of the Board in the management of the business and affairs of our Company between regularly scheduled meetings of the Board when, in the opinion of a quorum of the Executive Committee, a matter should not be postponed to the next scheduled meeting of the Board. The Executive Committees authority to act is limited by our Companys Bye-Laws, rules of the NYSE and applicable law and regulation and the Committees charter.
HOW ARE DIRECTORS COMPENSATED?
In 2017, our Nominating and Governance Committee engaged Cook to conduct a comprehensive review and assessment of our independent director compensation program. Cook reviews this program periodically. Cook evaluated the director compensation by comparing it against the compensation awarded to directors of companies in our executive compensation comparison group. (The compensation comparison group is discussed below under Compensation Discussion and AnalysisCompensation GovernanceExecutive Compensation Comparison Group.) Cook also looked at a broader market segment using data from Cooks report regarding compensation packages for public company independent directors for 2016, the most recent year for which information was available. Cook again found that the structure of our director compensation program was generally consistent with peer group policies and best practice design as recognized by the proxy advisory firms and investors, noting:
| the absence of meeting fees, which simplifies pay program administration and avoids the implication that there is additional pay for meeting attendance; |
| the use of committee member retainers to differentiate compensation among directors based on workload; |
| the vesting of annual restricted stock awards over a one-year period, which protects against the possibility of director entrenchment; |
| the payment of additional retainers to the non-executive Chairman and committee chairs to recognize additional responsibilities and time commitment associated with the roles; and |
| meaningful stock ownership guidelines. |
6
Cook found that the percentage of our independent director compensation paid in equity was below the median of the comparison group practice of 61%, while the retainer for the non-executive Chairman was at the 25th percentile of the comparison group practice. Cook recommended that the non-executive Chairman retainer should be reviewed for reasonableness and appropriateness in light of the strategic importance of the position to our Company, the skill set and experience of the Chairman, and the expected time commitment.
After considering Cooks market data, analysis and recommendations, the Nominating and Governance Committee made two changes to the independent director compensation in light of the expanding scope of the Companys business as well as the time commitment associated with attending Board meetings in the U.K. The Nominating and Governance Committee increased the equity portion of the annual retainer of our independent directors by $25,000. We now pay $145,000 of the retainer in restricted stock, and $120,000 of the retainer in cash, for a total annual retainer of $265,000. The Nominating and Governance Committee also increased the annual retainer paid to the non-executive Chairman, which had not been increased for several years and, as a result, was at the 25th percentile of the peer group practice. In 2017, the Chairmans annual retainer was increased from $125,000 to $225,000. A director may elect to receive his or her entire annual retainer (plus the additional amounts described below) in restricted stock.
The restricted stock vests on the day immediately prior to the next Annual General Meeting following the grant of the stock. However, if, prior to such vesting date, either (i) a change in control (as defined in the Assured Guaranty Ltd. 2004 Long-Term Incentive Plan, as amended) of Assured Guaranty Ltd. occurs before the director terminates service on the Board or (ii) the director terminates service on the Board as a result of such directors death or disability, then the restricted stock will vest on the date of such change in control or the date of the directors termination of service, whichever is applicable. Grants of restricted stock receive cash dividends and have voting rights; the cash dividends accrue during the vesting period and are paid upon vesting.
In addition to the annual retainers described above:
| The Chairman of each of the Audit Committee, the Compensation Committee, the Nominating and Governance Committee, the Finance Committee and the Risk Oversight Committee receives an additional $30,000 annual retainer. |
| Members, other than the chairman of the committee or the Chairman of the Board, of each of the Audit Committee, the Compensation Committee, the Nominating and Governance Committee, the Finance Committee and the Risk Oversight Committee receive an additional $15,000 annual retainer. |
The Company generally will not pay a fee for attendance at Board or committee meetings, although the Chairman of the Board has the discretion to pay attendance fees of $2,000 for extraordinary or special meetings. There were no extraordinary or special meetings of the Board in 2017. We do not pay a fee for being a member, or attending meetings, of the Executive Committee.
In addition to the annual retainers paid to independent directors, Cook also reviewed the director stock ownership requirements. Cook noted that because the director stock ownership guidelines are expressed as the greater of 25,000 shares or a multiple of the cash portion of the non-employee director retainer, the dollar value of the ownership requirement fluctuates based on changes in our Companys stock price until the ownership guideline is met. Cook found that the ownership requirement expressed as a multiple of the cash retainer and as a dollar value is above the 75th percentile of the peer group practice, and above the ISS best practice of five times the current annual cash retainer. Cook suggested the Nominating and Governance Committee consider moving to a guideline of five times the current annual cash retainer with no minimum share ownership requirement. The Nominating and Governance Committee considered Cooks suggestion and increased the share ownership guidelines to five times the current cash annual retainer to be consistent with best practices but did not eliminate the 25,000 share ownership component since doing so would reduce the share ownership guideline.
As recently revised, our share ownership guidelines require that each independent director own the greater of (i) at least 25,000 Common Shares or (ii) Common Shares with a market value of at least five times the maximum cash portion of the annual director retainer, before being permitted to dispose of any shares acquired as compensation from our Company. Once a director has reached the share ownership guideline, for so long as he or she serves on the Board, such director may not dispose of any Common Shares if such disposition would cause the director to be below the share ownership guideline. Common Shares that had been restricted but subsequently vested and purchased Common Shares count toward the share ownership guideline. Our four longest serving independent directors meet our share ownership guidelines. Our five newer Board members (Ms. Howard, who joined the Board in August 2012; Mr. Leathes, who joined the Board in May 2013; Ms. Omura, who joined the Board in May 2014; and Messrs. Jones and Kreczko, who joined the Board in August 2015) are accumulating Common Shares toward their ownership goals.
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The following table sets forth our 2017 independent director compensation, including the compensation for the directors committee assignments as of such date.
Name | Fees Earned or Paid in Cash |
Stock Awards(1) |
All Other Compensation(2) |
Total | ||||||||||||
Francisco L. Borges(3)
|
|
$345,000
|
|
|
$145,000
|
|
|
$16,059
|
|
$
|
506,059
|
| ||||
G. Lawrence Buhl
|
|
$165,000
|
|
|
$145,000
|
|
|
$26,382
|
|
$
|
336,382
|
| ||||
Bonnie L. Howard
|
|
$165,000
|
|
|
$145,000
|
|
|
$16,118
|
|
$
|
326,118
|
| ||||
Thomas W. Jones
|
|
$150,000
|
|
|
$145,000
|
|
|
$31,570
|
|
$
|
326,570
|
| ||||
Patrick W. Kenny(4)
|
|
$165,000
|
|
|
$145,000
|
|
|
$23,838
|
|
$
|
333,838
|
| ||||
Alan J. Kreczko(5)
|
|
$150,000
|
|
|
$145,000
|
|
|
$23,835
|
|
$
|
318,835
|
| ||||
Simon W. Leathes(6)
|
|
$239,457
|
|
|
$145,000
|
|
|
$675
|
|
$
|
385,132
|
| ||||
Michael T. OKane
|
|
$165,000
|
|
|
$145,000
|
|
|
$8,806
|
|
$
|
318,806
|
| ||||
Yukiko Omura
|
|
$150,000
|
|
|
$145,000
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
295,000
|
|
(1) | Represents grant date fair value, rounded to the nearest $1,000. |
(2) | Other compensation consists of matching gift donations to eligible charities paid in 2017 or paid in early 2018 for donations made in 2017, and reimbursement of business-related spousal travel paid in 2017. |
(3) | Mr. Borges agreed to forgo an additional fee as the Chairman of the Nominating and Governance Committee due to the substantial overlap between that position and his position as the Chairman of the Board and elected to receive the entire cash component of his compensation as restricted stock. |
(4) | Mr. Kenny elected to receive $105,000 of the cash component of his compensation as restricted stock and the remaining $60,000 in cash. |
(5) | Mr. Kreczko elected to receive the entire cash component of his compensation as restricted stock. |
(6) | The fees for Mr. Leathes include £55,000 (which was approximately $74,266 as of December 31, 2017) for serving as an independent director of our U.K. insurance subsidiaries, Assured Guaranty (UK) plc and Assured Guaranty (Europe) plc. Following the acquisition of Assured Guaranty (London) plc, Mr. Leathes was asked to serve on the post-acquisition Board of Directors of that company and, as an independent director of all three of our U.K. insurance subsidiaries, to review and approve matters related to the planned combination of our three U.K. insurance subsidiaries and our newly acquired in 2016 subsidiary CIFG Europe S.A., which ultimately will result in a single U.K. insurance subsidiary and a more efficient corporate and capital structure. Any such combination will be subject to regulatory and court approvals; as a result, we cannot predict when, or if, such a combination will be completed. The fees for Mr. Leathes also include £11,250 (which was approximately $15,191 as of December 31, 2017 and represents three of four quarterly installments of a total fee of £15,000) to compensate him for the additional time commitment required during the calendar year related to the planned combination. |
The following table shows information related to independent director equity awards outstanding on December 31, 2017:
Name | Unvested Restricted Stock(1) |
Vested Stock Options |
||||||
Francisco L. Borges
|
|
12,919
|
|
|
7,658
|
| ||
G. Lawrence Buhl
|
|
3,823
|
|
|
7,026
|
| ||
Bonnie L. Howard
|
|
3,823
|
|
|
|
| ||
Thomas W. Jones
|
|
3,823
|
|
|
|
| ||
Patrick W. Kenny
|
|
6,591
|
|
|
13,561
|
| ||
Alan J. Kreczko
|
|
7,777
|
|
|
|
| ||
Simon W. Leathes
|
|
3,823
|
|
|
|
| ||
Michael T. OKane
|
|
3,823
|
|
|
7,026
|
| ||
Yukiko Omura
|
|
3,823
|
|
|
|
|
(1) | Vests one day prior to the 2018 Annual General Meeting. |
WHAT IS OUR BOARD LEADERSHIP STRUCTURE?
Our current Chairman of the Board is Francisco L. Borges. The position of CEO is held by Dominic Frederico.
While the Board has no fixed policy with respect to combining or separating the offices of Chairman of the Board and CEO, those two positions have been held by separate individuals since our 2004 initial public offering. We believe this is the appropriate leadership
8
structure for us at this time. Mr. Borges and Mr. Frederico have had an excellent working relationship, which has continued to permit Mr. Frederico to focus on running our business and Mr. Borges to focus on Board matters, including oversight of our management. Mr. Borges and Mr. Frederico collaborate on setting agendas for Board meetings to be sure that the Board discusses the topics necessary for its oversight of the management and affairs of our Company. As Chairman of the Board, Mr. Borges sets the final Board agenda and chairs Board meetings, including executive sessions at which neither our CEO nor any other member of management is present. The Chairman of the Board also chairs our Annual General Meetings.
HOW DOES THE BOARD OVERSEE RISK?
The Boards role in risk oversight is consistent with our leadership structure, with our CEO and other members of senior management having responsibility for assessing and managing risk exposure and the Board and its committees providing oversight in connection with these activities. Our Companys policies and procedures relating to risk assessment and risk management are overseen by our Board. The Board takes an enterprise-wide approach to risk management that is designed to support our business plans at a reasonable level of risk. A fundamental part of risk assessment and risk management is not only understanding the risks a company faces and what steps management is taking to manage those risks, but also understanding what level of risk is appropriate for us. The Board annually approves our business plan, factoring risk management into account. The involvement of the Board in setting our business strategy is a key part of its assessment of managements risk tolerance and also a determination of what constitutes an appropriate level of risk for us.
While the Board of Directors has the ultimate oversight responsibility for the risk management process, various committees of the Board also have responsibility for risk assessment and risk management. As discussed under Committees of the Board, the Board has created a Risk Oversight Committee that oversees the standards, controls, limits, guidelines and policies that our Company establishes and implements in respect of credit underwriting and risk management. It focuses on managements assessment and management of both (i) credit risks and (ii) other risks, including, but not limited to, financial, legal and operational risks (including cybersecurity risks), and risks relating to our reputation and ethical standards. Our Risk Oversight Committee and Board pay particular attention to credit risks we assume when we issue financial guaranties or engage in strategic transactions. In addition, the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors is responsible for reviewing policies and processes related to the evaluation of risk assessment and risk management, including our major financial risk exposures and the steps management has taken to monitor and control such exposures. It also reviews compliance with legal and regulatory requirements. The Finance Committee of the Board of Directors oversees the investment of the Companys investment portfolio and the Companys capital structure, financing arrangements and any corporate development activities in support of the Companys financial plan. The Nominating and Governance Committee of the Board of Directors oversees risk at the Company by developing appropriate corporate governance guidelines and identifying qualified individuals to become board members.
As part of its oversight of executive compensation, the Compensation Committee reviews compensation risk. The Compensation Committee oversaw the performance of a risk assessment of our employee compensation program to determine whether any of the risks arising from our compensation program are reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on us. Since January 2011, the Compensation Committee has retained Cook to perform an annual review of each of our compensation plans and identify areas of risk and the extent of such risk. The Compensation Committee directs that our Chief Risk Officer work with Cook to perform such risk assessment and to be sure that compensation risk is included in our enterprise risk management system. In conducting this assessment, Cook performs a systemic, qualitative review of all of our incentive compensation programs and reviews its findings with our Chief Risk Officer for completeness and accuracy. Cook seeks to identify any general areas of risk or potential for unintended consequences that exist in the design of our compensation programs and to evaluate our incentive plans relative to our enterprise risks to identify potential areas of concern, if any.
Cook undertook a compensation risk assessment most recently in February 2018 and concluded that our incentive plans are well-aligned with sound compensation design principles and do not encourage behaviors that would create material risk for our Company. Our Chief Risk Officer reviewed their findings and agreed with their conclusion. Based on this update, the Compensation Committee continued to find that there is an appropriate balance between the risks inherent in our business and our compensation program.
COMPENSATION COMMITTEE INTERLOCKING AND INSIDER PARTICIPATION
The Compensation Committee of our Board of Directors has responsibility for determining the compensation of our executive officers. None of the members of the Compensation Committee is a current or former officer or employee of our Company. No executive officer of our Company serves on the compensation committee of any company that employs any member of the Compensation Committee.
WHAT IS OUR RELATED PERSON TRANSACTIONS APPROVAL POLICY AND WHAT PROCEDURES DO WE USE TO IMPLEMENT IT?
Through our committee charters, we have established review and approval policies for transactions involving our Company and related persons, with the Nominating and Governance Committee taking the primary approval responsibility for transactions with our executive officers and directors and the Audit Committee taking the primary approval responsibility for transactions with 5% shareholders. No member of these committees who has an interest in a transaction being reviewed is allowed to participate in any decision regarding any such transaction.
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Our Nominating and Governance Committee charter requires the Nominating and Governance Committee to review and approve or disapprove all proposed transactions with executive officers and directors that, if entered into, would be required to be disclosed pursuant to Item 404 of Regulation S-K, the SEC provision which requires disclosure of any related person transaction with our Company that exceeds $120,000 per fiscal year. The Nominating and Governance Committee must also review reports, which our General Counsel provides periodically, and not less often than annually, regarding transactions with executive officers and directors (other than compensation) that have resulted, or could result, in expenditures that are not required to be disclosed pursuant to Item 404 of Regulation S-K.
Our Audit Committee charter requires our Audit Committee to review and approve or disapprove all proposed transactions with any person owning more than 5% of any class of our voting securities that, if entered into, would be required to be disclosed pursuant to Item 404 of Regulation S-K. In addition, our Audit Committee charter requires the Audit Committee to review reports regarding such transactions, which our General Counsel provides to the Audit Committee periodically, and not less often than annually, regarding transactions with any persons owning more than 5% of any class of the voting securities of AGL that have resulted, or could result, in expenditures that are not required to be disclosed pursuant to Item 404 of Regulation S-K. Our Audit Committee charter also requires the Audit Committee to review other reports and disclosures of insider and affiliated party transactions which our General Counsel provides periodically, and not less often than annually.
Our General Counsel identifies related party transactions requiring committee review pursuant to our committee charters from transactions that are:
| disclosed in director and officer questionnaires (which must also be completed by nominees for director) or in certifications of Code of Conduct compliance |
| reported directly by the related person or by another employee of our Company |
| reported by our Chief Financial Officer based on a list of directors, executive officers and known 5% shareholders |
If we have a related person transaction that requires committee approval in accordance with the policies set forth in our committee charters, we either seek that approval before we enter into the transaction or, if that timing is not practical, we ask the appropriate committee to ratify the transaction.
WHAT RELATED PERSON TRANSACTIONS DO WE HAVE?
From time to time, institutional investors, such as large investment management firms, mutual fund management organizations and other financial organizations become beneficial owners (through aggregation of holdings of their affiliates) of 5% or more of a class of our voting securities and, as a result, are considered related persons under the SECs rules. These organizations may provide services to us. In 2017, the following transactions occurred with investors who reported beneficial ownership of 5% or more of our voting securities.
As indicated in Which Shareholders Own More Than 5% of Our Common Shares, Wellington Management Group LLP, which we refer to as Wellington Management, and BlackRock, Inc., which we refer to as BlackRock, own approximately 8.25% and 5.18% of AGLs Common Shares outstanding, respectively, as of March 8, 2018, based on the amount of Common Shares they reported in their Schedule 13G filings. We appointed both Wellington Management and BlackRock as investment managers to manage certain of our investment accounts prior to their reaching such ownership thresholds. As of December 31, 2017, Wellington Management managed approximately $2.3 billion of our investment assets, which is approximately 20% of our total fixed maturity and short-term investment portfolio, and BlackRock managed approximately $2.4 billion of our investment assets, which is approximately 21% of our total fixed maturity and short-term investment portfolio. In 2017, we incurred expenses of approximately $1.8 million related to our investment management agreement with Wellington Management and $2.3 million with respect to our investment management and investment reporting agreements with BlackRock.
In addition, as previously disclosed, we repurchased 297,131 common shares from our CEO and 23,062 common shares from our then General Counsel on January 6, 2017 at a per share price equal to $38.73, the closing price of one of our Common Shares on the New York Stock Exchange on such date, with our CEO receiving aggregate proceeds of $11,507,883.63 and our then General Counsel receiving aggregate proceeds of $893,191.26 from such repurchases. Our CEO and then General Counsel also separately received 297,131 and 23,062 Common Shares, respectively, on January 6, 2017 in settlement of 297,131 share units and 23,062 share units which such officers held in the employer stock fund of the Assured Guaranty Ltd. Supplemental Employee Retirement Plan that were required to be distributed in January 2017 to comply with requirements of Sections 409A and 457A of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.
DID OUR INSIDERS COMPLY WITH SECTION 16(A) BENEFICIAL OWNERSHIP REPORTING IN 2017?
Our executive officers and directors are subject to the reporting requirements of Section 16 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, which we refer to as the Exchange Act. We believe that all of our executive officers and directors complied with all filing requirements imposed by Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act on a timely basis during fiscal year 2017.
10
PROPOSAL NO. 1: ELECTION OF DIRECTORS
GENERAL
Our Bye-Laws provide for a maximum of 21 directors and empower our Board of Directors to fix the exact number of directors and appoint persons to fill any vacancies on the Board until the next Annual General Meeting. The Board may appoint any person as a director to fill a vacancy on the Board occurring as the result of any existing director being removed from office pursuant to the Bye-Laws or prohibited from being director by law; being or becoming bankrupt or making any arrangement or composition with his or her creditors generally; being or becoming disqualified, of unsound mind, or dying; or resigning. The Board may also appoint a person as a director to fill a vacancy resulting from an increase in the size of the Board or a vacancy left unfilled at an Annual General Meeting.
Our Board currently consists of 10 members. Following the recommendation of the Nominating and Governance Committee, our Board of Directors has nominated Francisco L. Borges, G. Lawrence Buhl, Dominic J. Frederico, Bonnie L. Howard, Thomas W. Jones, Patrick W. Kenny, Alan J. Kreczko, Simon W. Leathes, Michael T. OKane and Yukiko Omura as directors of AGL. Proposal No. 1 is Item 1 on the proxy card.
Our directors are elected annually to serve until their respective successors shall have been elected.
![]() |
The board of directors recommends that you vote FOR the election of the nominees as directors of AGL. |
It is the intention of the persons named as proxies, subject to any direction to the contrary, to vote in favor of the candidates nominated by the Board of Directors. We know of no reason why any nominee may be unable to serve as a director. If any nominee is unable to serve, your proxy may vote for another nominee proposed by the Board, or the Board may reduce the number of directors to be elected.
We have set forth below information with respect to the nominees for election as directors. There are no arrangements or understandings between any director and any other person pursuant to which any director was or is selected as a director or nominee.
DIRECTOR TENURE 8.7 YEARS Average Tenure 5 4 1 0-5 years 6-10 years 11-15 years
11
NOMINEES FOR DIRECTOR
12
13
14
15
16
INFORMATION ABOUT OUR COMMON SHARE OWNERSHIP
HOW MUCH STOCK IS OWNED BY DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS?
The following table sets forth information, as of March 8, 2018, the record date for our Annual General Meeting, regarding the beneficial ownership of our Common Shares by our directors and executive officers whose compensation is reported in the compensation tables that appear later in this proxy statement, to whom we refer as our named executive officers, and by the group comprising our directors, and those persons who, as of December 31, 2017, constituted our named executive officers and other executive officers. Unless otherwise indicated, the named individual has sole voting and investment power over the Common Shares under the column Common Shares Beneficially Owned. The Common Shares listed for each director and executive officer constitute less than 1% of our outstanding Common Shares, except that Mr. Frederico beneficially owns approximately 1.39% of our Common Shares. The Common Shares beneficially owned by all directors, named executive officers and other executive officers as a group constitute approximately 2.54% of our outstanding Common Shares.
Name of Beneficial Owner
|
Common
|
Unvested
|
Restricted
|
Common
|
||||||||||||
Robert A. Bailenson |
144,398 | | 158,863 | 43,558 | ||||||||||||
Francisco L. Borges |
203,981 | 12,919 | | 7,658 | ||||||||||||
Russell B. Brewer II |
126,713 | | 104,476 | 29,362 | ||||||||||||
G. Lawrence Buhl |
48,394 | 3,823 | | 7,026 | ||||||||||||
Dominic J. Frederico(4) |
1,286,467 | | 508,944 | 312,055 | ||||||||||||
Bonnie L. Howard |
22,874 | 3,823 | | | ||||||||||||
Thomas W. Jones |
12,521 | 3,823 | | | ||||||||||||
Patrick W. Kenny |
50,322 | 6,591 | | 13,561 | ||||||||||||
Alan J. Kreczko |
15,846 | 7,777 | | | ||||||||||||
Simon W. Leathes |
11,009 | 3,823 | | | ||||||||||||
James M. Michener(5) |
206,281 | | 94,978 | | ||||||||||||
Michael T. OKane |
46,803 | 3,823 | | 7,026 | ||||||||||||
Yukiko Omura |
7,585 | 3,823 | | | ||||||||||||
Bruce E. Stern |
109,287 | | 69,346 | 24,925 | ||||||||||||
All directors and executive officers as a group (15 individuals)(6) |
2,406,399 | 50,225 | 1,026,587 | 472,590 |
(1) | The reporting person has the right to vote (but not dispose of) the Common Shares listed under Unvested Restricted Common Shares. |
(2) | The Common Shares associated with restricted share units are not deliverable as of March 8, 2018 or within 60 days of March 8, 2018 and therefore cannot be voted or disposed of within such time period. As a result, these shares are not considered beneficially owned under SEC rules. We include them in the table above, however, because we view them as an integral part of share ownership by our executive officers. The restricted share units held by our executive officers vest on specified anniversaries of the date of the award, with Common Shares delivered upon vesting. |
This column includes 37,907 share units allocated to Mr. Bailenson and 28,872 share units allocated to another executive officer, due to their elections to invest a portion of their AG US Group Services Inc. Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan accounts in an employer stock fund. |
(3) | Represents Common Shares which the reporting person has the right to acquire as of March 8, 2018 or within 60 days of March 8, 2018 pursuant to options. The options have terms of either ten years or seven years from the date of grant. |
(4) | Common shares beneficially owned by Mr. Frederico include shares owned by Mr. Fredericos spouse and daughter, and shares owned by a family trust, over which Mr. Frederico has the power to direct the voting and disposition. |
(5) | James M. Michener resigned as our General Counsel and Secretary and as an executive officer of AGL, effective December 31, 2017, in accordance with the terms of a separation agreement described under Compensation Discussion and Analysis Separation Agreement. |
(6) | Giving effect to the resignation of Mr. Michener as General Counsel and Secretary and as an executive officer of AGL as of December 31, 2017 and the addition of two new executive officers in early 2018, as of March 8, 2018, for all directors and executive officers as a group (16 individuals), the total Common Shares beneficially owned was 2,286,917, the unvested restricted Common Shares was 50,225, the Restricted Share Units was 1,030,600, and the Common Shares subject to option was 512,514. |
17
WHICH SHAREHOLDERS OWN MORE THAN 5% OF OUR COMMON SHARES?
The following table shows all persons we know to be direct or indirect owners of more than 5% of our Common Shares as of the close of business on March 8, 2018, the record date for the Annual General Meeting, except to the extent indicated. On March 8, 2018, 114,967,800 Common Shares were outstanding, including 50,225 unvested restricted Common Shares. Our information is based on reports filed with the SEC by each of the firms listed in the table below. You may obtain these reports from the SEC.
Name and Address of Beneficial Owner
|
Number of Shares Beneficially Owned
|
Percent
|
||||||
The Vanguard Group 100 Vanguard Blvd. Malvern, PA 19355 |
|
11,681,093(1) |
|
|
10.16% |
| ||
Wellington Management Group LLP c/o Wellington Management Company LLP 280 Congress Street Boston, MA 02210 |
|
9,482,550(2) |
|
|
8.25% |
| ||
BlackRock, Inc. 55 East 52nd Street New York, NY 10055 |
|
5,952,374(3) |
|
|
5.18% |
|
(1) | Based on a Schedule 13G/A filed by The Vanguard Group on February 8, 2018, reporting the amount of securities beneficially owned as of December 31, 2017. The Vanguard Group has sole voting power over 62,395 shares, shared voting power over 15,544 shares, sole dispositive power over 11,612,681 shares and shared dispositive power over 68,412 shares. |
(2) | Based on a Schedule 13G/A filed by Wellington Management Group LLP on February 8, 2018, reporting the amount of securities beneficially owned as of December 29, 2017. Wellington Management Group LLP has shared voting power over 7,103,248 shares and shared dispositive power over 9,482,550 shares. |
(3) | Based on a Schedule 13G filed by BlackRock, Inc. on February 1, 2018, reporting the amount of securities beneficially owned as of December 31, 2017. BlackRock, Inc. has sole voting power over 5,466,233 shares and sole dispositive power over 5,952,374 shares. |
18
Our executive compensation program is designed to attract and retain talented and experienced business leaders who drive our corporate strategies and build long-term shareholder value.
The guiding principles of our program are:
Pay for Performance
by providing an incentive for exceptional performance and the possibility of reduced compensation if executives are unable to successfully execute our strategies |
Accountability
for short- and long- term performance |
Alignment
with |
Retention
of highly |
We assess performance using pre-established measures of success that are tied to our key business strategies. We encourage balanced performance, measured relative to financial, non-financial and share price goals, and discourage excessive risk taking or undue leverage by avoiding too much emphasis on any one metric or on short-term results.
Our Compensation Committee determines our executive officers compensation in February of each year, with much of the compensation based on quantitative and qualitative performance goals, objectives and formulas established at the beginning of the relevant year for performance during that year, which we refer to as our performance year. Accordingly, in February 2018 our Compensation Committee determined our executive officers performance-based cash awards, performance-based equity awards and time-based equity awards based on their performance during the 2017 calendar year, which we refer to as the 2017 performance year. These compensation components are backward-looking, in the sense that they reflect performance in the just completed performance year. Also in February 2018, our Compensation Committee set our executive officers base salaries, which are forward-looking, in the sense that they are intended to motivate the recipients during the year in which they are paid, and established the quantitative and qualitative performance goals for the upcoming 2018 performance year.
In 2017, our shareholders equity per share, non-GAAP operating shareholders equity* per share and non-GAAP adjusted book value* per share all reached record levels, at $58.95, $56.20 and $77.74, respectively. Our growth in shareholders equity per share was 16% and our growth in non-GAAP adjusted book value* per share was $11.28, the largest one-year dollar increase in our history. Our net income for the year was $730 million, or $5.96 per share, and our non-GAAP operating income* was $661 million, or $5.41 per share, even after taking a tax expense of $61 million against our net income and $35 million against our non-GAAP operating income for the estimated impact of the 2017 Tax Cut and Jobs Act, which we refer to as the 2017 Tax Act.
These results were driven in part by our successful pursuit of all four of our primary business strategies:
We increased new business production, with contributions from our U.S. public finance, international infrastructure and global structured finance business. Gross written premiums nearly doubled to $307 million in 2017 from $154 million in 2016, while the present value of our premium production, a non-GAAP financial measure we use to measure our new business production and which we refer to as PVP*, at $289 million, was the highest it has been since 2010. In the U.S. public finance market, we continued to lead the market with a 58% share of all insured new-issue par. In the non-U.S. public finance market, we generated $66 million of PVP, closing transactions in every one of our target markets and in every calendar quarter, and established ourselves as a key player in the U.K. university accommodations sector.
|
We further managed our capital, primarily by returning excess capital to our shareholders through repurchases of our Common Shares and quarterly dividends. We returned approximately $571 million during 2017 through repurchasing Common Shares ($501 million) and dividends ($70 million). In 2017, we obtained regulatory approval for, and subsequently effectuated, a $200 million stock repurchase by our subsidiary Assured Guaranty Corp., which we refer to as AGC, and $100 million by our subsidiary Assured Guaranty Municipal Corp., which we refer to as AGM, which provides our Company with additional funds for corporate purposes, including repurchasing more of our Common Shares. Over the last four years we have distributed approximately $2.2 billion to our shareholders through Common Share repurchases and dividends, representing over 50% of our market capitalization at December 31, 2017.
|
* | Non-GAAP operating shareholders equity, non-GAAP adjusted book value, non-GAAP operating income and PVP are non-GAAP financial measures. An explanation of these measures, which are considered when setting executive compensation, and a reconciliation to the most comparable GAAP measures, may be found on pages 92 to 96 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017. |
20
We improved our financial results by using alternative strategies, including making acquisitions. We closed our acquisition of MBIA UK Insurance Limited, which we refer to as MBIA UK, resulting in a bargain purchase gain and settlement of preexisting relationships of $58 million. We reassumed three previously ceded portfolios, resulting in aggregate commutation gains of $328 million. We negotiated an agreement with Syncora Guarantee Inc., which we refer to as SGI, to reinsure, generally on a 100% quota share basis, substantially all of SGIs insured portfolio, and executed that agreement in February 2018. We made our first investments in the asset management area by agreeing to purchase up to $100 million of limited partnership interests in a fund that invests in the equity of private equity managers and by purchasing a minority interest in Wasmer, Schroeder & Company, LLC. We negotiated the acquisition of a minority interest in Cadia (Malta) Limited, the holding company of Rubicon Infrastructure Advisors, a full-service investment banking firm active in the global infrastructure sector; that transaction closed in February 2018.
|
We created value from our insured portfolio through loss mitigation and other loss recovery strategies. We successfully concluded two financial crisis-era recovery litigations for a pre-tax gain of $151 million, again demonstrating our perseverance and resilience in pursuing recovery litigation when required to enforce our rights. We continued to manage our exposure to the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico and its related authorities and public corporations, taking a pause (and withdrawing without prejudice two legal actions) after the landfall of Hurricane Maria, but maintaining the right to take a more assertive posture unless that the Commonwealth and its advisors respond with revised fiscal plans that recognize creditors rights, the requirements of the federal Puerto Rico Oversight, Management, and Economic Stability Act, which we refer to as PROMESA, and constitutional requirements.
|
We achieved these results despite a persistently challenging business environment.
| Over the last several years, municipal bond yields have been at historically low levels and credit spreads have been tight, making our product less attractive to issuers. |
| We continued to face competition in an already tight market from a second financial guaranty insurer that focuses on a smaller portion of the market than we do and provides price competition in those markets where we overlap. |
The achievements described in this section were important considerations in determining the compensation of our named executive officers for the 2017 performance year.
21
After the price of our Common Shares reached $45.38 in the summer of 2017, the highest since our 2004 initial public offering, the price fell in the aftermath of the landfall of Hurricane Maria in the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico in September 2017, ending 2017 at $33.87 compared to $37.77 at year-end 2016. Despite this, the total shareholder return, which we refer to as TSR, on our Common Shares has been admirable over the last several years in relation to relevant S&P index measures and our comparison group.
The table and chart below depict the dollar change in the cumulative TSR on our Common Shares from December 31, 2012 through December 31, 2017 as compared to the cumulative total return of the Standard & Poors 500 Stock Index and the cumulative total return of the Standard & Poors 500 Financials Index over the same period. The table and chart depict the value on December 31 of each year from 2012 through 2017 of a $100 investment made on December 31, 2012, with all dividends reinvested:
Assured Guaranty | S&P 500 Index | S&P 500 Financial Index | ||||
12/31/2012
|
100.00
|
100.00
|
100.00
| |||
12/31/2013
|
168.84
|
132.37
|
135.59
| |||
12/31/2014
|
189.42
|
150.48
|
156.17
| |||
12/31/2015
|
196.05
|
152.54
|
153.74
| |||
12/31/2016
|
285.45
|
170.77
|
188.71
| |||
12/31/2017
|
259.65
|
208.03
|
230.49
|
Calculated from total returns published by Bloomberg.
Our 21.04% per annum five-year TSR exceeded the S&P 500 Indexs 15.79% per annum return and the S&P 500 Financial Indexs 18.19% per annum return over the same period.
Our cumulative TSR also exceeded the average cumulative TSR of our comparison group over the last two, three and five years, despite our negative one-year TSR, which we attribute primarily to developments related to Puerto Rico. Our comparison group is described on page 44 under Executive Compensation Comparison Group.
Total Shareholder Return Comparison
Comparison Group Average TSR |
Assured Guaranty TSR | |||
1 Year
|
-1.9%
|
-9.0%
| ||
2 Years
|
25.0%
|
32.4%
| ||
3 Years
|
21.3%
|
37.1%
| ||
5 Years
|
117.4%
|
159.7%
|
Calculated from total returns published by Bloomberg.
Cumulative Total Shareholder Return S&P 500 Financial Index S&P 500 Index Assured Guaranty
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The Compensation Committee attributed the disappointing one-year TSR result primarily to developments related to Puerto Rico, including the impact of the landfall of Hurricane Maria. The Compensation Committee believed it was therefore particularly important to measure our success in creating value using other available objective measures.
In February 2017, the Compensation Committee established targets for five financial performance goals for our executive officers for the 2017 performance year. The financial performance goals were based on the business plan that the Board of Directors reviewed and approved in November 2016 and were designed to measure our progress in creating value for our shareholders. The financial performance goals use the same measures as those that the Compensation Committee used when assessing the executive officers achievements for the 2014 through 2016 performance years. We believe the price of our Common Shares will reflect the progress these targets measure once there is less uncertainty regarding the outcome in Puerto Rico.
Page 31 under Executive Compensation Program Structure and Process contains a detailed description of the financial performance goals, and why the Compensation Committee considers them to be important in assessing our Company and our executive officers performance. All of these are non-GAAP financial measures. We refer to four of these financial measures as core to distinguish them from other similar non-GAAP financial measures that have not been adjusted to exclude the impact of consolidating financial guaranty variable interest entities, which we refer to as FG VIEs. The four core measures have been adjusted to exclude the impact of consolidating FG VIEs. Page 48 under Non-GAAP Financial Measures contains a description of the adjustments we make to the most comparable GAAP financial measures to arrive at these measures.
The Compensation Committee considered the unique earnings model of the financial guaranty industry in designing its five financial performance goals for our executive officers. When a financial guarantor writes a new financial guaranty policy, it does not earn the full amount of the premium immediately; rather, the premium for the policy is earned over the period of the policy, often as long as twenty or thirty years. In 2017, for example, only approximately 5% of the premiums we earned related to new financial guaranty policies we wrote in 2017. As a consequence, the premiums a financial guarantor earns in a year are primarily related to business it has written over a long period, in our case decades. Such earnings may be accelerated in the event insured public finance obligations are refunded and when the insurance on insured structured finance obligations is canceled or terminated, but such acceleration also reduces earnings from the current portfolio for future periods. Our earnings in a particular year may also be impacted by, among other things, strategic activities such as acquisitions or reassumptions of previously ceded insured par and changes in investment income, loss reserves and expenses. However, the volume and pricing of new business written in a year has only a small impact on premium earnings for that year. As a consequence, we set a target for PVP, which more directly measures business production during the year. We also want to encourage our executive officers to build intrinsic value in our Company over time for our shareholders, so we set targets for core operating shareholders equity per share and core adjusted book value per share. We also set targets for core operating income per diluted share and core operating return on equity, but since most of our financial guaranty earnings in a year are derived as a result of insurance policies written in previous decades, we set those targets in relation to our projections of earnings on the existing inforce portfolio rather than in relation to the previous years results or targets.
We significantly exceeded four out of five of our targets and, if either (a) the price of our Common Shares had not increased in the middle of the year and we had been able to repurchase the number of Common Shares we originally projected we would with $500 million, or (b) if it had not been for the 2017 Tax Act (which was adopted well after the goals were established), we would have exceeded them all. The table below summarizes our 2017 results against the targets.
The Compensation Committee viewed all of the 2017 targets for the financial performance goals as challenging in light of current market conditions, particularly interest rate levels. It had set all of the 2017 targets above the comparable 2016 targets (except core operating return on equity, which we refer to as ROE) and above the comparable 2016 actual results (except core operating income per diluted share and core operating ROE).
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Our Compensation Committee set our 2017 targets for core operating income per diluted share above our 2016 target but lower than 2016 actual results and core operating ROE lower than our 2016 target and our 2016 actual results in large part due to the nature of a financial guarantors earnings, as described above. As a result of the amortization of the insured portfolio from 2016, we projected lower premium earnings in 2017 regardless of the amount of new financial guaranty insurance we originated in 2017. We also project potential public finance refundings, which we refer to as refundings, based on the volume of insured bonds reaching the dates beyond which they can be redeemed (generally ten years after issuance) and the level of interest rates currently compared to ten years ago. Based on these factors, we projected lower refundings for 2017 than we had experienced in 2016. We also determined that, with the amortization of our structured finance portfolio, particularly the portion written in credit default swap form, there were few remaining opportunities for cancellation or termination of the insurance on such structured finance obligations, which we refer to as terminations. Finally, we noted that our purchase of CIFG Holding Inc., which we refer to as CIFG, in 2016 significantly impacted our 2016 earnings and that our ability to consummate strategic transactions with similarly significant impacts in 2017 was uncertain. As a result, the Compensation Committee determined that the targets it set for these two financial measures would be difficult to attain despite being lower than the 2016 actual results and in one case lower than the 2016 target.
The Compensation Committee was aware that, given the anticipated decline of earned premium and the uncertainty of acquisition and other strategic transactions, the executive officers also would be required to manage losses and make strategic moves to meet all of the targets except for PVP.
As noted above, in 2017, we exceeded all but one of the 2017 targets for the financial performance goals and, had it not been for the increase in our Common Share price, which caused us to repurchase fewer shares than we had planned although we met our goal of repurchasing $500 million of Common Shares, or the impact of the 2017 Tax Act, we would have exceeded all of the targets:
| We exceeded our PVP financial performance goal by 11%. Our 2017 PVP was the highest it has been since 2010 and is a 35% improvement over our PVP in 2016. In the U.S. public finance market, we estimate we wrote approximately 58% of the total insured par in 2017. The achievement is significant in light of our maintaining our underwriting and pricing principles despite the challenging business environment we continue to face. |
| We exceeded our goal for core operating income per diluted share by 64%. Our core operating income per diluted share of $5.31 was higher than target due primarily to aggregate commutation gains of $328 million and, on the acquisition of MBIA UK, a bargain purchase gain and settlement of preexisting relationships of $58 million. We exceeded our core operating income per diluted share goal despite increased loss and loss adjustment expenses, which we refer to as LAE, attributable to U.S. public finance losses, lower net earned premiums from refundings and terminations, and a $36 million provisional tax expense related to the 2017 Tax Act. |
| Core operating shareholders equity per share reached its highest level in our history, increasing 12.5% from year-end 2016, propelled by our efficient management of capital, our commutations of previously ceded business, our acquisition of MBIA UK, our loss mitigation activity (including our successful resolution of recovery litigation) and the generation of PVP through the underwriting of new business. And, while we missed our core operating shareholders equity per share goal by less than 1%, we would have exceeded our goal if either (a) the price of our Common Shares had not increased in the middle of the year and we had been able to repurchase the number of Common Shares we originally projected we would with $500 million, or (b) it had not been for the 2017 Tax Act. |
| We met our non-financial objective of efficiently managing our capital by repurchasing $501 million of Common Shares over the course of 2017, but due to the increase in the price of our Common Shares in the middle of the year, we repurchased fewer shares than we originally projected in our 2017 business plan. Had we been able to repurchase Common Shares at the price assumed in our 2017 business plan, we would have repurchased more Common Shares, and without adjusting for the impact of the 2017 Tax Act, our core operating shareholders equity per share would have been approximately $58.18, or 2.9% above our financial performance goal of $56.52. |
| The 2017 Tax Act required us to write down our net deferred tax asset and pay a one-time tax on unremitted earnings of foreign subsidiaries owned in our U.S. consolidated tax group. It also impacted the tax effect of several operating adjustments we make to shareholders equity per share to arrive at core operating shareholders equity per share. Had it not been for the 2017 Tax Act and without adjusting the actual number of our Common Shares we repurchased versus the number assumed in our business plan, our core operating shareholders equity per share would have been approximately $57.15, or 1.2% above our financial performance goal of $56.52. |
Given that we would have achieved our core operating shareholders equity per share financial performance goal if either the price of our Common Shares had not risen in the middle of the year as much as it did or if the 2017 Tax Act had not been enacted, neither of which was in the control of our senior management, the Compensation Committee viewed the target as substantially met and awarded an achievement score of 95% for this financial performance goal.
| We exceeded our goal for core operating ROE by 63%. Core operating ROE was higher than target due primarily to our core operating income per share exceeding our target. |
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| Core adjusted book value, which we refer to as ABV, per share reached its highest level in our history, propelled by our efficient management of capital, our commutations of previously ceded business, our acquisition of MBIA UK, our loss mitigation activity (including our successful resolution of recovery litigation) and the generation of PVP through the underwriting of new business. From 2015 through 2017, we grew our core ABV per share by 45.1%. |
The weighted average achievement score resulting from the Companys success in exceeding all but one of its financial performance goals in 2017 was 83.8%, as described under CEO Performance ReviewCash Incentive, and constituted two-thirds of each executive officers total achievement score used to calculate that executive officers cash incentive compensation amount.
Our executive officers achieved these results despite a persistently challenging business environment that included low interest rates, tight credit spreads and competition in some markets.
| While average municipal interest rates were not quite as low during 2017 as they were in 2016, when the benchmark AAA 30-year Municipal Market Data index published by Thomson Reuters, which we refer to as the MMD Index, was at times below 2% (a threshold not previously crossed in the modern era), they were still low by historical standards, with the MMD Index averaging 2.85% for 2017. In this environment, investors have been more willing to purchase lower rated municipal bonds at tighter credit spreads (that is, the difference in yield between a municipal bond with a rating of less than triple-A and that of an index of triple-A municipal bonds of similar maturity) than was typical in other environments, driving down credit spreads. Our financial guaranty insurance reduces the cost of issuance for an issuer by reducing the credit spread an investor demands to buy the insured bond rather than a comparable uninsured bond. With absolute interest rates so low and credit spreads so tight, some issuers are less willing to pay a premium for us to insure their bonds because the insurance may not substantially reduce their cost of issuance. |
| Based on third-party compilations, we estimate that we insured approximately 58% of the par of insured U.S. public finance bonds issued in the primary market in 2017. In comparison, a second financial guaranty insurer that focuses on a smaller portion of the market than we do provided price competition in those markets where we overlap, and insured 39% of the par. This competitor is effective in competing with us for small to medium-sized U.S. public finance transactions in certain sectors, and its pricing and underwriting strategies have a negative impact on the amount of premium we are able to charge for our insurance for such transactions. We expect the continued presence of our remaining competitor in the market will affect our insured volume as well as the amount of premium we are able to charge, especially in an environment of low interest rates and tight credit spreads. |
Snapshot of Our CEOs 2017 Compensation
For 2017, approximately 89% of Mr. Fredericos compensation constituted incentive compensation: 39% was in the form of a performance-based cash incentive that was awarded based on measuring performance against financial performance goals and non-financial objectives set at the beginning of the year, and 50% was in the form of a long-term equity-based incentive, with half of that award subject to achieving pre-established share price hurdles. The allocation between fixed and incentive compensation, and between performance-based cash incentive and long-term equity-based incentive compensation, for the 2017 performance year is consistent with the allocation for the 2016 performance year.
Mr. Frederico received a compensation package for the 2017 performance year 3.4% higher than he received for the 2016 performance year. The increase reflects Mr. Fredericos considerable accomplishments with respect to the financial performance goals as well as his non-financial objectives, but also takes into account our negative one-year TSR. The Compensation Committee concluded that, in light of our one-year TSR, it was appropriate that Mr. Fredericos cash incentive of $4,525,000 for the 2017 performance year and his base salary for 2018 largely remain the same as the prior year.
Most of the 3.4% increase in Mr. Fredericos compensation package for the 2017 performance year was due to the 4.5% increase in his long-term equity award, reflecting Mr. Fredericos achievements over 2017, including especially our Companys success in exceeding all but one of the financial performance goals established by the Compensation Committee, in certain cases substantially; and due to the 8.7% increase in his base salary for 2017, which was awarded at the beginning of the 2017 performance year based on Mr. Fredericos accomplishments during the 2016 performance year and the importance of maintaining his strategic leadership in the future.
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Mr. Fredericos compensation packages for 2017 and 2016 were composed of the following:
EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION PROGRAM STRUCTURE AND PROCESS
Overview of Philosophy and Design
Our executive compensation program is designed to recognize and reward outstanding achievement and to attract, retain and motivate the talented individuals needed to lead and grow our Companys business. We maintain an ongoing dialog with our shareholders and incorporate their feedback into our program so that the program is aligned with their interests.
We Align Pay With Performance
Our program rewards performance by having more variable and performance-based compensation at the most senior levels. We use a mix of variable at-risk compensation with different time horizons and payout forms to provide an incentive for both annual and long-term sustained performance, in order to maximize shareholder value in a manner consistent with our Companys risk parameters. The Compensation Committee assesses the performance of our executive officers from both a financial and a non-financial perspective, using pre-established goals.
Our executive officers can receive a cash incentive, which is performance-based. They can also receive a long-term equity incentive, 50% of which is performance-based and cliff vests at the end of a three-year performance period if we achieve particular average share price targets, and 50% of which is time-based and cliff vests at the end of a three-year period. The long-term equity incentive is structured to encourage retention and a long-range mindset.
Executive Compensation Is Closely Tied To Long-Term Performance
The compensation program is structured with upside potential for superior executive achievements, but also the possibility of reduced compensation if executives are unable to successfully execute our Companys strategies. By increasing managements motivation to enhance shareholder value over the long term, our compensation program aligns executive officer and shareholder interests.
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For the 2017 performance year, the compensation package for the executive officers contains three principal elements.
Principal Elements of Executive Compensation Package | Performance Measures | |
Base Salary |
Based on responsibilities, skill set and experience, and market measures
| |
Cash Incentive Compensation |
Cash reward for performance against annual financial performance goals and progress against strategic non-financial objectives that we expect to drive our growth over the moderate to long term
| |
Long-Term Equity Incentives |
50% in performance share units that may be earned over a 3-year performance period based on share price targets, and are paid at the end of the 3-year performance period if particular share price targets are achieved
50% in restricted stock units that cliff vest at the end of a 3-year period
|
Shareholder Outreach on Our Executive Compensation Program
For the past several years, we have been actively engaging with our shareholders in order to obtain their feedback on our executive compensation program. Beginning in the fall, we contact our large shareholders to invite them to speak directly with the chairman of the Compensation Committee.
We believe our shareholders support our executive compensation program. At each of our last three Annual General Meetings, investors holding over 98% of the Common Shares voting approved our say-on-pay proposal. Both of the proxy advisory firms of Institutional Shareholder Services Inc. and Glass, Lewis & Co. LLC also recommended that our investors vote in support of our say-on-pay proposal.
Even with the strong support that our executive compensation program received at our three most recent advisory votes, as the Compensation Committee began to determine compensation for the 2017 performance year, we again sought to engage with our shareholders to discuss their concerns and recommendations. We contacted holders of an aggregate of 67% of our Common Shares and invited them to speak with Mr. Kenny, the chairman of the Compensation Committee. While none of those holders accepted our invitation to speak to Mr. Kenny this year, the holders of an aggregate of approximately 34% of our Common Shares specifically responded that they did not need to speak with us because they were comfortable with the executive compensation program. The investors we spoke to indicated they were generally pleased with the executive compensation program and with managements performance, and on the whole found the program to reward management appropriately. Most shareholders were not prescriptive about plan design, and instead were more interested in seeing that results were aligned appropriately with performance. Certain shareholders supported tying long-term incentive compensation to the price of our Common Shares while others supported looking at other performance measures.
Our Compensation Committee takes the feedback from our shareholders into consideration when making its compensation decisions.
The Compensation Committee, composed solely of independent directors, is responsible for all decisions about our executive officer compensation. The Compensation Committee works closely with Cook, the Chairman of the Board and management to examine pay and performance matters throughout the year, and consults with the Board prior to making final compensation decisions.
The Compensation Committee conducts in-depth reviews of performance and then applies judgment to make compensation decisions. The Compensation Committee believes its process, described below, is an effective way to assess the quality of performance, risk management and leadership demonstrated by Mr. Frederico and the senior management team.
| In August and November, the Compensation Committee reviews our corporate performance for the year to date, as well as progress of each executive officer against individual performance goals. The chairman of the Compensation Committee seeks feedback from our shareholders on our executive compensation program. |
| In November, the Compensation Committee reviews and approves the metrics and goals in our performance framework and reviews certain of the executive officer performance goals for the upcoming year, and begins to formulate its compensation decisions with respect to current year performance. |
| In February, the Compensation Committee meets twice. It first meets in early February to evaluate executive performance for the previous calendar year, which we refer to as the performance year, against that performance years goals and formulates its potential compensation decisions with respect to that years executive performance, along with the executive officer performance goals for the |
27
coming year. Later in February, the Compensation Committee discusses its potential compensation decisions for the previous year and the executive officer performance goals for the coming year with other Board members, and then makes its final decisions with respect to those matters. |
In making its compensation decisions, the Compensation Committee follows a five-step approach:
Step 5: Seek input from the independent consultant concerning CEO pay.
The role of Cook is described in more detail under Compensation Governancethe Role of the Independent Consultant below. | ||||||||||||||||||
Step 4: Analyze trends
The Compensation Committee considers market pay levels and trends based on information Cook provides about comparison companies. |
||||||||||||||||||
Step 3: Review each executives individual performance and contributions.
The Compensation Committee reviews the individual performance objectives for our CEO and the other executive officers, and assesses each persons performance and contributions. For the executive officers other than our CEO, the Compensation Committee considers individual performance assessments and compensation recommendations from our CEO, as well as succession planning and retention issues in this unique segment of the insurance industry. |
||||||||||||||||||
Step 2: Assess Company Performance.
The Compensation Committee reviews the corporate financial performance goals for the performance year and discusses the full-year financial and strategic performance at length, seeking to understand what was accomplished relative to established objectives, how it was accomplished, and the quality of the financial results. |
||||||||||||||||||
Step 1: Establishment of financial performance goals and non-financial objectives.
At or prior to the beginning of each performance year, the Compensation Committee discusses the Companys business plan at length and establishes corporate financial goals for the upcoming performance year. The Compensation Committee also discusses the strategic direction of the Company and establishes non-financial objectives it expects to drive our growth over the moderate to long term. |
||||||||||||||||||
The Compensation Committee considers Cooks analysis of the compensation paid to executive officers in our comparison group when evaluating the compensation of our executive officers.
Components of Our Executive Compensation Program
For the 2017 performance year, the compensation package for the executive officers consists of three principal elements: base salary, cash incentive compensation and long-term equity incentives. Our practice is to review the components of our executive officer compensation separately and monitor the total of the various components. We consider each component and the total against our compensation objectives described in Overview of Philosophy and Design. Decisions related to one compensation component (e.g., cash incentive compensation) generally do not materially affect decisions regarding any other component (e.g., long-term equity incentives) because the objectives of each element differ. Positions at higher levels generally have a greater emphasis on variable pay elements, although no specific formula, schedule or structure is currently applied in establishing the percentage of total compensation delivered through any compensation element.
Base Salary
The Compensation Committee establishes each executive officers base salary in consultation with Cook. We believe base salary is necessary to attract and retain key executives by providing appropriate compensation that is based on position, experience, scope of responsibility and performance. Base salary provides liquidity to our executive officers and balances the levels of guaranteed pay with at-risk pay to properly manage our compensation-related risk. The amount is based on the executive officers responsibilities, skills and experience, as well as market measures. The level of an executive officers base salary reflects the Compensation Committees view of the contribution that executive officer has consistently made to our Companys success over several years, the continuing importance of that executive officer to our Companys future, and the difficulty and expense of replacing the executive officer with one of a similar
28
caliber. The Compensation Committee does not guarantee salary adjustments on an annual basis. Base salary is set at the beginning of the year and is paid to the executive officers for ongoing performance throughout the year. For the 2017 performance year, the Compensation Committee established the base salary in February 2017.
Cash Incentive Compensation
Unlike base salary, which is set at the beginning of the year in which it is paid, cash incentive compensation is determined after the end of the performance year to which such compensation relates. For the 2017 performance year, the Compensation Committee determined the amount of the cash incentive compensation in February 2018.
The Compensation Committee uses a formula to award cash incentive compensation in order to enhance the transparency of our process. The amount of cash incentive compensation is determined based on the extent to which the executives achieve certain pre-established performance targets. The Compensation Committee has used a two-step process for granting and paying annual cash incentive compensation awards to our executive officers as detailed below, although changes made by the 2017 Tax Act may make the first step unnecessary in future years as described in greater detail under Tax Treatment below.
For the first step, in order for the payment of cash incentive compensation to qualify as performance-based compensation within the meaning of Section 162(m) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, which we refer to as the Internal Revenue Code, the Compensation Committee annually establishes a performance goal based on performance metrics, and awards the cash incentive to the executive officers pursuant to the Assured Guaranty Ltd. 2004 Long-Term Incentive Plan, as amended (LTIP), subject to such performance goal being met. If the performance goal is not met, no cash incentive will be awarded to the executive officers for such year. If the performance goal is met, a cash pool is established pursuant to which payments can be made to the executive officers subject to limitations contained in the LTIP and to further limitations established by the Compensation Committee in the grant. For the 2017 performance year, the performance goal for this first step was established in November 2016 and the Compensation Committee determined the extent to which it had been met in February 2018.
For the second step, if the Section 162(m) performance goal has been met for a particular performance year, the actual amount of the cash incentive compensation payable to each executive officer for such performance year is then linked 67% to financial performance goals and 33% to non-financial objectives. The Compensation Committee considers the five financial performance goals to be important in assessing our Company and our executive officers performance; each goal has a weighting of 13.4% (for a total of 67%) and constitutes a non-GAAP financial measure that is described on pages 47 to 48 under Non-GAAP Financial Measures. Similar to the financial performance goals, the non-financial objectives also relate to matters that are important to our business. The Compensation Committee believes the qualitative objectives are necessary to fully evaluate the annual achievements that benefit our shareholders, and it does not individually weight the non-financial objectives because it believes it is more appropriate to evaluate the level of achievement of all of the objectives in their totality. Of the companies in our comparison group, an analysis by Cook revealed that:
| 10 of the 12 comparison group companies disclose metrics used for annual incentive plan payouts |
| among the companies that disclose metrics, all use a combination of financial performance goals and non-financial objectives in determining annual incentive payouts |
| among the 6 companies that disclose the weighting of the metrics, the median weighting is 68% financial performance goals and 32% non-financial objectives |
The Compensation Committee believes the pre-established target financial performance goals and individual non-financial objectives are the most important for assessing Assured Guarantys performance and the value we create for our shareholders. Therefore, performance relative to the financial goals and non-financial objectives is the primary driver of the final cash incentive compensation determined by the Compensation Committee in applying its discretion.
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The financial performance goals for 2017 for all the executive officers and the non-financial objectives for 2017 for Mr. Frederico, our CEO, are set out below. For the executive officers other than Mr. Frederico, the Compensation Committee evaluates the extent to which those executives contributed to Mr. Fredericos non-financial objectives and the extent of such executives personal achievements of their individual non-financial objectives, which are discussed under Compensation Decisions of Other Executive Officers. For the 2017 performance year, the financial performance goals and the non-financial objectives for the named executive officers were established in February 2017 and the Compensation Committee determined the extent to which they had been satisfied in February 2018.
Cash Incentive Compensation Determinants Financial Performance Goals: 67% PVP Core operating income per diluted share Core operating shareholders equity per share Core operating ROE Core ABV per share Non-Financial Objectives: 33% Strategy and leadership Active management of potential losses Maintenance of financial strength ratings Maintenance of comprehensive risk management practices Management development and succession planning 13.4% 33.0% 13.4% 13.4% 13.4% 13.4%
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The financial performance goals that the Compensation Committee uses to assess our Companys performance are described in greater detail below. The financial goals are based on non-GAAP financial measures and four are labeled core to distinguish them from similar non-GAAP financial measures that have not been adjusted to exclude the impact of consolidating FG VIEs. See Non-GAAP Financial Measures on page 47 below.
PVP |
represents our estimated gross future revenue stream from new business production. Specifically, PVP enables us to evaluate the value of our new business production during the year by taking into account the value of upfront and estimated future installment premiums, using a consistent discount rate, on all new contracts underwritten in a reporting period. | |
Core operating income per diluted share |
enables us to evaluate the amount of income we are generating in our business without certain items, primarily non-economic fluctuations and movements in fair value, foreign exchange movements related to long dated receivables, and other adjustments, as well as removing the impact of consolidating FG VIEs. | |
Core operating shareholders equity per share |
presents our equity with all financial guaranty contracts on a consistent basis and excludes non-economic fair value adjustments as well as the impact of consolidating FG VIEs. Core operating shareholders equity per share is the basis of the calculation of core adjusted book value, which we refer to as ABV, per share, as described below. | |
Core operating ROE |
represents core operating income for a specified period divided by the average of core operating shareholders equity at the beginning and the end of that period. This measure enables us to evaluate our return on the capital invested in our company. | |
Core ABV per share |
reflects our core operating shareholders equity, plus the net present value of our in-force premiums in excess of expected losses, plus credit derivative revenues, less deferred acquisition costs. This measure enables us to measure our intrinsic value, excluding our franchise value. |
The Compensation Committee assigns each executive an Individual Target Cash Incentive Amount, which is calculated as a multiple, which we refer to as the Individual Target Cash Incentive Multiple, of the executive officers base salary. The amounts of the base salary and Individual Target Cash Incentive Multiples vary by individual based on the executive officers position and level of responsibility, historic pay level, importance to the future strategic direction of our Company and Cooks advice about the compensation practices of companies in our comparison group. All of the Individual Target Cash Incentive Multiples assigned by the Compensation Committee for the 2017 performance year were the same as it had assigned the previous year, except that Mr. Sterns multiple was increased from 1.75x to 2.0x in recognition of his contributions to our strategic initiatives, including reinsurance reassumptions, and the active role he is playing in our loss mitigation activities, especially with regard to Puerto Rico. The Compensation Committee assigned the named executive officers the following Individual Target Cash Incentive Multiples for the 2017 performance year:
Executive Officer | 2017 Individual Target Cash Incentive Multiple (of Base Salary) |
|||
Dominic Frederico, Chief Executive Officer |
2.50x | |||
Robert A. Bailenson, Chief Financial Officer |
2.00x | |||
James M. Michener, General Counsel(1) |
2.00x | |||
Russell B. Brewer II, Chief Surveillance Officer |
2.00x | |||
Bruce E. Stern, Executive Officer |
2.00x |
(1) | As disclosed under Separation Agreement, Mr. Michener resigned as General Counsel and Secretary and as an executive officer of AGL, effective December 31, 2017. He remains employed as the Senior Advisor to the Chief Executive Officer of our Company through December 31, 2018, at which time he will retire from the Company. |
Then, for each executive officer, the Compensation Committee calculates and aggregates the weighted achievement scores for the financial performance goals and the individual non-financial objectives. When assessing the level of achievement and assigning scores for the year, the Compensation Committee takes into account the difficulty of achieving particular goals or objectives. The Compensation Committee has discretion to assign achievement scores of up to 200% for outstanding performance and achievement scores of down to 0% for performance below target, based on its view of the level of achievement attained for each financial performance goal and each individual non-financial objective.
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Based on the executive officers achievements of these priorities, the individual payouts of the cash incentive for 2017 were calculated as follows:
Annual Individual Target Cash Incentive Amount |
X | Annual Achievement Score (a percentage from 0% to 200%) |
= |
Annual Cash Incentive Payout | ||||||||||||||||||||
( |
2017 Base Salary |
X |
2017 Individual Target Cash Incentive Multiple |
) |
X |
( |
2017 Financial Goal Achievement Score (weighted 67%) |
+ |
2017 Individual Non- Financial Objective Achievement Score (weighted 33%) |
) | = |
2017 Cash Incentive Payout |
The formula for determining cash incentive compensation has remained the same since the Compensation Committee developed the approach to calculating such amount, together with Cook at the beginning of 2015. Our Companys share price performance and performance on other key financial measures has improved greatly since the approach was developed at the beginning of 2015. At year end 2014, the price of our Common Shares closed at $25.99, compared to $33.87 at year end 2017. Our performance in respect of the financial performance goals most important to our Company has also improved, as reflected in the table below.
FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE GOALS | 2014 Results |
2017 Results |
||||||
PVP |
$ | 168 million | $ | 289 million | ||||
Core Operating Income per Diluted Share |
$2.83 | $5.31 | ||||||
Core Operating Shareholders Equity per Share |
$37.48 | $56.17 | ||||||
Core Operating Return on Equity |
8.1 | % | 10.1 | % | ||||
Core Adjusted Book Value per Share |
$53.66 | $77.86 |
The progress we have made on these fronts is the result of the leadership of Mr. Frederico and the efforts of his management team. As a result, the Compensation Committee has maintained the approach and the formulas put in place for the cash incentive compensation for Mr. Frederico and the other named executive officers.
Long-Term Equity Incentives
In addition to the cash incentive compensation, the Compensation Committee awards long-term incentive compensation in the form of our Common Shares.
Like cash incentive compensation, equity incentive compensation is awarded after the end of the performance year to which such compensation relates. For the 2017 performance year, the Compensation Committee determined the amount of equity incentive compensation in February 2018.
Half of the nominal value of the award is in the form of performance share units (which we refer to as PSUs) that may be earned over a 3-year performance period based on share price targets, and are paid at the end of the 3-year performance period if particular share price targets are achieved, and the other half is in the form of RSUs that cliff vest at the end of a 3-year period. Details about the individual awards are set out in CEO Performance Review and Other Named Executive Officer Compensation Decisions.
Performance Share Units. Each performance share unit represents a contingent right to receive up to two of our Common Shares as described under Incentive Plans Assured Guaranty Ltd. 2004 Long-Term Incentive Plan on page 58. The Compensation Committee awards performance share units with the intent of aligning executive pay with our Companys performance, as measured by the price of our Common Shares.
The percentage of performance share units an executive can earn is based on the price of our Common Shares over a 3-year performance period. For each 40 consecutive trading day sequence that occurs during the last 18 months of a performance period, we calculate the average price of a Common Share as traded on the New York Stock Exchange during that time. The highest average is used to determine whether a share price hurdle has been reached, and consequently, the percentage of the performance share units that has been earned. Use of the highest average share price during the last 18 months of the performance period mitigates concerns that short-term gains may yield payouts even if long-term performance lags, and was a refinement made by the Compensation Committee with respect to the 2014 performance year to address shareholder concerns raised at that time.
32
In considering the awards for 2017 performance, the Compensation Committee and Cook determined to use the same methodology for calculating whether the share price hurdle had been reached as had been applied for the 2016 performance year. The Compensation Committee and Cook also reviewed the rigor of the share price hurdles and the vesting percentage at each hurdle. For the performance share units granted for the 2017 performance year, in February 2018, the Compensation Committee established the share price hurdles and vesting percentages set out in the table below. The table shows the percentage that could be earned if the highest average share price over 40 consecutive trading days occurring in the second half of the 2018-2020 performance period reaches the stated share price hurdles.
Highest 40 consecutive trading day average share price hurdle |
% Earned | |
$42 |
50% | |
$46 |
100% | |
$50 |
200% |
The share price hurdles represent increases over the $28/$32/$36 hurdles that applied for the grants for the 2014 and 2015 performance years and are unchanged from the hurdles that applied for the grants for the 2016 performance year.
In making its decision with respect to the hurdles, the Compensation Committee considered the price of our Common Shares in 2017 and asked Cook to prepare an analysis with respect to Cooks recommendation that the Compensation Committee maintain the current share price hurdles. Cook presented data on the one-, three- and five-year compound annual growth rates of the S&P 500 Financial Index, our Companys comparison group median stock performance, and the stock performance of a subset of certain companies within the comparison group in order to obtain hypothetical minimum and maximum ranges for the hurdles. Cook then applied the ranges to the Companys average share price over 40 consecutive trading days as of a recent date of the analysis, and utilized those results to evaluate the current share price hurdles.
The Compensation Committee considered Cooks analysis as well as other factors, including the extent to which particular hurdles would exceed the 40 consecutive trading day average (i) at the beginning of the performance period and (ii) as of a date close to the grant date. For all three of the hurdles, the amount of the excess over the 40 consecutive trading day average at the beginning of the performance period and as of a date close to the grant date was greater than that of the prior year grant.
The Compensation Committee also noted the extent of the total equity payout as a percentage above the GAAP value and above the nominal value of the equity at the time of grant, under the methodology that the committee had developed with Cook. The Compensation Committee examined the benefit of the equity grants to the executive officers compared to the cost to our Company. In addition, the Compensation Committee reviewed other relevant statistics for the performance periods, including our Companys TSR and the TSR of the S&P 500 Financial Index and our comparison group average TSR, and the growth in core operating book value and in core ABV, during those periods.
Restricted Stock Units. Each restricted stock unit represents a right to receive one of our Common Shares at the end of a three-year vesting period as described under Incentive Plans Assured Guaranty Ltd. 2004 Long-Term Incentive Plan on page 57. The Compensation Committee awards RSUs with the intent of providing executives with long-term incentive compensation the value of which increase as our Company achieves its strategies. The Compensation Committee believes this incentivizes executives to remain with the Company and help build shareholder value over the long term.
33
In light of Mr. Fredericos achievements in the 2017 performance year, as detailed below, but also considering our negative one-year TSR, the Compensation Committee awarded him total compensation of $11,525,000, a 3.4% increase over his total compensation for the 2016 performance year. The Compensation Committee concluded that, in light of our negative one-year TSR, it was appropriate that Mr. Fredericos cash incentive for 2017 and his base salary for 2018 largely remain the same as the prior year. Most of the 3.4% increase in Mr. Fredericos compensation package for the 2017 performance year was due to the 4.5% increase in his long-term equity award, which reflects his achievements in the 2017 performance year as detailed below, and the 8.7% increase in his base salary for 2017, which was awarded at the beginning of the 2017 performance year based on Mr. Fredericos accomplishments in the 2016 performance year and the importance of maintaining his strategic leadership. Mr. Fredericos compensation for the 2017 performance year was composed of the following:
2017 Performance Year
|
2016 Performance Year
|
|||||||
Fixed CompensationBase Salary(1)
|
|
$1,250,000
|
|
|
$1,150,000
|
| ||
Incentive Compensation |
||||||||
Cash Incentive Compensation |
$4,525,000 | $4,497,938 | ||||||
Long-Term Performance-Based Equity |
$2,875,000 | (2) | $2,750,000 | (2) | ||||
Long-Term Time-Based Equity
|
|
$2,875,000
|
(2)
|
|
$2,750,000
|
(2)
| ||
Total Direct Compensation
|
$
|
11,525,000
|
|
$
|
11,147,938
|
|
(1) | Mr. Fredericos base salary for each of the 2017 and 2016 performance years was established at the beginning of such performance year, in February. So, Mr. Fredericos 2017 base salary was established in February 2017 based on Mr. Fredericos accomplishments in the 2016 performance year. |
(2) | Represents the Compensation Committees target nominal value for the relevant performance year, using the average stock price over the 40 consecutive trading days ending on the date of grant and the importance of maintaining his strategic leadership. |
The compensation package presented in the table above is different from the SEC-required disclosure in the Summary Compensation Table on page 50 and is not a substitute for the information in that table. Rather, it is intended to show how the Compensation Committee linked Mr. Fredericos compensation and its components to our performance results and his achievements for the prior year. The base salary is paid during the performance year, while all of the components of the incentive compensation is based on achievements during the performance year and so is awarded in the first part of the following year.
In February 2017, in light of Mr. Fredericos accomplishments in 2016 and the importance of maintaining his strategic leadership in the future, particularly in respect of managing our capital, mitigating the risks in our insured portfolio, and deciding upon appropriate alternative investments that complement our financial guaranty business and core competencies, the Compensation Committee decided to grant him an 8.7% increase in his base salary, to $1,250,000, for the 2017 performance year.
In February 2018, given the continued importance of maintaining Mr. Fredericos strategic leadership, but also considering our negative one-year TSR and the salary increase Mr. Frederico had received in February 2017 based on his performance in the 2016 performance year, the Compensation Committee chose to maintain his salary at $1,250,000 for the 2018 performance year.
To determine Mr. Fredericos cash incentive, as discussed above under Executive Compensation Program Structure and ProcessComponents of Our Executive Compensation ProgramCash Incentive Compensation, the Compensation Committee used a formula that involved aggregating the weighted achievement scores for certain financial performance goals and individual non-financial objectives, and multiplying the result by his Individual Target Cash Incentive Amount. The financial performance goals for 2017 were based on the business plan for the upcoming year that the Board of Directors reviewed and approved in November 2016. The non-financial objectives were established taking into account the nature of our business, which requires qualitative goals to fully evaluate the annual achievements that benefit our shareholders.
In reviewing Mr. Fredericos 2017 performance scorecard, the Compensation Committee determined that he had a very strong year. In particular, the Compensation Committee found that Mr. Frederico should be recognized for our success in exceeding all but one of the targets for the financial performance goals established by the Compensation Committee, in certain cases substantially, and also noting that, if either (a) the price of our Common Shares had not increased in the middle of the year and we had been able to repurchase the number of Common Shares we originally projected we would with $500 million, or (b) if it had not been for the 2017 Tax Act (which was adopted well after the goals were established), we would have exceeded all of our financial performance goals. Mr. Fredericos very strong performance was reflected in our record core operating shareholders equity per share and core adjusted book value per share of $56.17 and $77.86, respectively. Mr. Fredericos leadership was also credited for the growth in our new business production, with contributions from our U.S. public finance, international infrastructure and global structured finance businesses, despite a challenging business and economic environment.
34
The Compensation Committee assigned Mr. Frederico achievement scores for his achievements against each individual financial performance goal, which averaged 125% across the five goals. The Compensation Committees rationale for establishing these 2017 financial performance goals in February 2017 is discussed on pages 23-24 of Compensation Discussion and Analysis Summary 2017 Results Against Targets. The Compensation Committee weighted this score 67% in accordance with the cash incentive formula, which resulted in a weighted score of 83.8%:
2017 Targets | 2017 Results | Weighting | 2017 Achievement Score (0%-200%) |
Weighted Achievement Score |
||||||||||||||||
Financial Performance Goals*
|
||||||||||||||||||||
PVP |
$ 260 million | $289 million | 13.4% | 110% | 14.7% | |||||||||||||||
Core operating income per diluted share |
$3.23 | $5.31 | 13.4% | 140% | 18.8% | |||||||||||||||
Core operating shareholders equity per share |
$56.52 | $56.17 | 13.4% | 95% | 12.7% | |||||||||||||||
Core operating ROE |
6.2% | 10.1% | 13.4% | 140% | 18.8% | |||||||||||||||
Core ABV per share
|
|
$74.22
|
|
|
$77.86
|
|
|
13.4%
|
|
|
140%
|
|
|
18.8%
|
| |||||
Total Financial Goal Score
|
|
67%
|
|
|
83.8%
|
|
* | All of the financial performance goals are based on non-GAAP financial measures, which are described on pages 47 to 48 under Non-GAAP Financial Measures. |
35
The Compensation Committee also evaluated Mr. Fredericos 2017 achievements against his 2017 non-financial objectives. Highlights of those achievements include the positive financial impact from our acquisition of MBIA UK; the positive impact from our reassumption of previously ceded portfolios; achievement of the highest level of PVP since 2010; and the prominent role our Company continues to assume in the restructuring of the debt of Puerto Rico and its related authorities and public corporations. The details of Mr. Fredericos 2017 achievements against his 2017 non-financial objectives are set out in the pages that follow.
Non-Financial Objectives | 2017 Results | |
Strategy and leadership - Articulate clear strategy and lead effective implementation of business plan to grow direct business and take advantage of reinsurance opportunities
◾ Leverage companys rating and financial strength to expand public finance (municipal and infrastructure) bond insurance market; continue to market the value of bond insurance to existing and new distribution channels; write budgeted PVP in the US and UK ◾ Expand structured finance business opportunities ◾ Attempt to purchase available bond insurance portfolios if they come on the market; recapture previously ceded portfolios ◾ Maintain regulatory status to write infrastructure and structured finance bond insurance in US and internationally ◾ Accumulate capital at AGL for corporate purposes, including stock repurchases ◾ Take required steps to begin regulatory process to streamline European operations, including those acquired in recent acquisitions |
◾ Achieved highest level PVP production ($289 million) since 2010, exceeding target
◾ In U.S. Public Finance, exceeded PVP target while increasing risk adjusted pricing and maintaining market lead
◾ In non-U.S. Public Finance, exceeded PVP budget by 120%, closing transactions in every quarter
◾ In Structured Finance, launched aircraft residual value insurance product, continued leadership in balloon note guaranties for government tenants, and continued production of life insurance regulatory capital financing
◾ Reestablished transferable custody receipt program for secondary market asset-backed securities guaranties, demonstrating the value of our product to that market
◾ Reassumed previously ceded business for aggregate commutation gains of $328 million
◾ Worked with SGI to reinsure the bulk of their insured portfolio and to commute almost all of the business we ceded to them in the past; that agreement was signed in February 2018 with closing subject to regulatory approval and third party consents
◾ Completed our acquisition of MBIA UK and integrated their portfolio into ours, for a bargain purchase gain and settlement of preexisting relationships of $58 million
◾ Repurchased 12.7 million shares during 2017, at an average price of $39.57 per share, meeting our goal
◾ Obtained regulatory approval for MAC to redeem $250 million of its stock from its holding company, which then distributed the funds to AGM and AGC
◾ Obtained regulatory approval for each of AGC and AGM to repurchase $200 million and $100 million of its stock from its respective holding company, providing a source of funding for corporate purposes, including repurchasing more of our Common Shares
◾ Obtained regulatory approval for AGC and AGM to release $134.3 million and $246.3 million of contingency reserves, respectively, increasing the policyholder surplus of each of them
◾ Obtained regulatory approval for and transferred AGCs European insurance subsidiaries to AGM, which then contributed them to its European insurance subsidiary, Assured Guaranty (Europe) plc, in the first step toward combining all the European insurance subsidiaries
|
36
Non-Financial Objectives | 2017 Results | |
Implement alternative investment strategy - Achieve diversification by acquiring or investing in an asset or portfolio manager |
Evaluated numerous opportunities to invest in asset managers, purchasing either a minority or a controlling interest.
Made initial investments in the area by agreeing to purchase up to $100 million of limited partnership interests in a fund that invests in the equity of private equity managers and purchasing a minority interest in Wasmer, Schroeder & Company, LLC, an investment manager that specializes in fixed income separate account management for high net worth individuals, wealth management groups and institutions.
Negotiated the acquisition of a minority interest in Cadia (Malta) Limited, the holding company of Rubicon Infrastructure Advisors. That transaction closed in February 2018. Rubicon Infrastructure Advisors is a full-service investment banking firm active in the global infrastructure sector.
| |
Active management of all potential loss transactions, including proactive minimization of losses from Puerto Rico exposure |
Initial actions of the PROMESA Oversight Board as well as the impact of Hurricane Maria and the reaction of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico to the hurricane caused us to continue to pursue an assertive strategy with respect to our exposure in the Commonwealth. We initiated six separate legal actions to enforce our rights in court (in response to Hurricane Maria we have since voluntarily withdrawn two without prejudice), and are actively lobbying the federal response to the hurricane.
At the end of December, we (and SGI) reached a confidential settlement with GreenPoint Mortgage Funding, Inc. with respect to an RMBS litigation initiated by SGI and an affiliate of CIFG.
Earlier in the year, we reached a confidential settlement in connection with two triple-X transactions, resulting in a significant increase in the value of the bonds we hold
Worked with our primary home equity line of credit servicer to institute a modification program we estimate would avoid $56 million in losses
| |
Financial strength ratings - Maintain strong financial strength ratings in order to facilitate implementation of business plan. Periodically assesses the value of each rating assigned to each of the companies within the group and determine whether to request that a rating agency add or drop a rating from certain companies
|
All financial strength ratings maintained
| |
Ensure AGL has comprehensive, best-practice risk management with respect to all of its activities, emphasizing the credit quality of risks insured; compliance with all legal and regulatory requirements; and enterprise risk management. All credit underwriting consistent with risk/appetite statement |
Our enterprise risk management has consistently been commended by regulators and rating agencies
In 2017, our efforts were focused particularly on the U.K., as a result of increased regulatory requirements as well as our integration of Assured Guaranty (London) plc and our planned combination of our European entities
| |
Management development and succession planningAttract and retain top quality senior management; develop succession plan for critical positions, including assisting the Board in further development of a CEO succession plan. |
Successfully transitioned to a successor General Counsel
|
37
Based on Mr. Fredericos 2017 achievements against his 2017 non-financial objectives, the Compensation Committee awarded him an achievement score of 185% against those objectives. Applying that score to the cash incentive formula resulted in a weighted non-financial objective score of 61%.
The Compensation Committee then added the weighted non-financial objective score of 61% to the weighted financial performance goal score of 83.8% achieved by Mr. Frederico, to derive a total achievement score of 144.8% in accordance with the cash incentive formula, as follows:
2017 Targets
|
2017 Results
|
Weighting
|
2017
|
Weighted
| ||||||
Financial Performance Goals* | ||||||||||
PVP |
$ 260 million | $289 million | 13.4% | 110% | 14.7% | |||||
Core operating income per diluted share |
$3.23 | $5.31 | 13.4% | 140% | 18.8% | |||||
Core operating shareholders equity per share |
$56.52 | $56.17 | 13.4% | 95% | 12.7% | |||||
Core operating ROE |
6.2% | 10.1% | 13.4% | 140% | 18.8% | |||||
Core ABV per share |
$74.22 | $77.86 | 13.4% | 140% | 18.8% | |||||
Total Financial Goal Score |
67% | 83.8% | ||||||||
Non-Financial Objectives | ||||||||||
Strategy and leadership |
Described in detail in the preceding table | Described in detail in the preceding table | 33% | 185% | 61.0% | |||||
Active management of all
potential |
||||||||||
Maintain current ratings for operating insurance company subsidiaries |
||||||||||
Best practice risk management |
||||||||||
Management development and |
||||||||||
Non-Financial Objective Score |
33% | 61.0% | ||||||||
Achievement Score |
144.8% |
* | All of the financial performance goals are based on non-GAAP financial measures, which are described on page 47 under Non-GAAP Financial Measures. |
Based on Mr. Fredericos achievements, but also considering our negative one-year TSR, after applying the cash incentive formula, the Compensation Committee awarded him a cash incentive equal to 144.8% of his Individual Target Cash Incentive Amount, or $4,525,000, which is approximately the same amount as the prior year.
The Compensation Committee awarded all of Mr. Fredericos long-term incentive compensation in the form of performance share units and RSUs. The $5,750,000 target nominal amount of long-term equity constituted a $250,000 increase over the prior year. The Compensation Committee believed the amount was appropriate to reward Mr. Frederico for his and for our Companys very strong performance during 2017. It also reflected the Compensation Committees desire that Mr. Frederico have a strong incentive to remain at our Company and to generate long-term, sustained growth that will enhance shareholder value and its consideration of an appropriate level of total compensation for Mr. Frederico.
The following table sets forth the target nominal amount the Compensation Committee awarded Mr. Frederico on February 21, 2018, the grant date. The Compensation Committee determined the number of performance share units and RSUs to award Mr. Frederico by converting the target nominal amount of the award using $34.96, which was the average share price over the 40 consecutive trading days ending on February 21, 2018.
When we prepare the Summary Compensation Table, we report the value of the grants using U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (which we refer to as U.S. GAAP), in accordance with the SECs rules. Under U.S. GAAP, the value of a performance share unit as of February 21, 2018 was $45.64, computed using a Monte-Carlo simulation model value and the highest average share price
38
over 40 consecutive trading days, where the sequence of 40 days occurs in the second half of the 2018-2020 performance period. Under U.S. GAAP, the value of an RSU was $37.85, computed using our Common Share closing price on February 21, 2018, adjusted for the delay in the payment of dividends until vesting. The aggregate value of the grants under U.S. GAAP is also set forth below.
Compensation Committee Target
|
Equity
|
U.S. GAAP
|
||||||||||
Performance share units |
$2,875,000 | 82,237 | $ | 3,753,297 | ||||||||
RSUs |
$2,875,000 | 82,237 | $ | 3,112,670 | ||||||||
TOTAL |
$5,750,000 | $ | 6,865,967 |
The Compensation Committee considered the total compensation it was awarding to Mr. Frederico pursuant to its formulas and methodologies in light of Mr. Fredericos considerable accomplishments with respect to the financial performance goals as well as his non-financial objectives, but also taking into account our negative one-year TSR. The Compensation Committee attributed the disappointing one-year TSR result primarily to developments related to Puerto Rico, including the impact of the landfall of Hurricane Maria, which the committee acknowledged were outside Mr. Fredericos control. The Compensation Committee concluded that, in light of our negative one-year TSR result, it was appropriate that Mr. Fredericos cash incentive of $4,525,000 for 2017 and base salary for 2018 remained largely unchanged (his cash incentive for 2017 was only 0.6% higher than his cash incentive for 2016 and his 2018 base salary is the same as his base salary for 2017). However, the Compensation Committee did give Mr. Frederico credit for consistently accomplishing our strategies successfully over the last several years, including the 2017 performance year, so as to achieve high three- and five-year TSR results. The Compensation Committee also considered the importance of maintaining Mr. Fredericos leadership of our Company in the years ahead, as we seek to continue developing our financial guaranty business, to diversify into areas that complement our core credit experience and risk appetite, to manage our insured exposure and mitigate any losses in the insured portfolio, and to manage our capital. Taking these various factors into account, the Compensation Committee believed it was also appropriate for Mr. Fredericos total 2017 compensation, which it determined in accordance with its formulas and methodologies, to be 3.4% higher than his total 2016 compensation.
CEO Reported Pay Versus Realized Pay
To supplement the disclosure in the Summary Compensation Table on page 50, which is determined under SEC rules, we have included the table below, which shows the difference between Mr. Fredericos compensation as reported in the Summary Compensation Table and the compensation he actually received over the relevant period.
The primary source of the difference between the Summary Compensation Table Reported Value and the Actual Realized Value was Mr. Fredericos equity grants. Under the SECs rules, the Summary Compensation Table for a given year must disclose the grant date value of an executive officers long-term equity incentive compensation granted in that year. However, equity grants constitute an incentive for future performance, not current cash compensation, and will not actually be received by the executive officer until a future year, if at all. Moreover, the value of this pay when realized may differ significantly from the grant date value shown in the Summary Compensation Table.
CEO Total Compensation
|
||||||||||||||||
Year
|
Summary
|
Actual Realized
|
Variation Between
|
% Difference
|
||||||||||||
2017 |
$13,526,784 | $15,969,451 | $2,442,667 | 18% | ||||||||||||
2016 |
$12,727,315 | $8,536,728 | -$4,190,587 | -33% | ||||||||||||
2015 |
$12,179,989 | $15,395,726 | $3,215,737 | 26% |
(1) | Summary Compensation Table Reported Value includes the total of all elements of compensation as reported pursuant to SEC rules, including the grant date value of equity awards granted in February 2017, February 2016 and February 2015. |
(2) | Actual Realized Value represents compensation actually received by our CEO for the particular year shown. We began with the compensation shown in the Total column of the Summary Compensation Table on page 50 and made two adjustments: |
| Deducted the aggregate grant date fair value of RSU and performance share unit awards (reflected in the Stock Awards column of the Summary Compensation Table); and |
| Added the value realized from the vesting of RSUs, vesting of performance share units and the net gain from the exercise of stock options, before payment of applicable withholding taxes (reflected in the 2017 Option Exercises and Stock Vested table on page 54). |
39
OTHER NAMED EXECUTIVE OFFICER COMPENSATION DECISIONS
Non-Financial Objectives and Achievements of the Other Named Executive Officers
The Compensation Committee made compensation awards to the other executive officers for the 2017 performance year based on its assessment of their achievements and Mr. Fredericos review of their performance as well as Mr. Fredericos compensation recommendations. The other named executive officers achievements were evaluated based on their contributions to our achievement of our financial goals, their contributions to the achievement of Mr. Fredericos non-financial objectives, and their own achievements of the individual non-financial objectives Mr. Frederico had assigned to them, as described below.
Robert A. Bailenson, Chief Financial Officer
Mr. Bailenson was responsible in the 2017 performance year for meeting all internal and external financial requirements, managing our capital efficiently, meeting with investors, and participating on earnings calls. In 2017 Mr. Bailenson assumed responsibility for our investor relations group. More specifically, Mr. Bailenson:
| Initiated and developed a plan to manage our outstanding debt; |
| Designed and implemented a plan to provide sufficient funds at our holding company to meet our goals for repurchases of our Common Shares in 2017; |
| Provided significant analysis of alternative investments we made as well as potential alternative investments; |
| Provided strategic analysis in the formulation and execution of our business plan; and |
| Was responsible for the timely and accurate filing of all financial statements. |
James M. Michener, General Counsel
Mr. Michener was responsible in the 2017 performance year for a number of important initiatives, including developing litigation strategy relating to Puerto Rico and managing litigation and workout activities relating to a number of distressed structured finance and U.S. public finance credits; developing the optimal structure from a regulatory perspective of a number of alternative investments; and obtaining regulatory approval of several significant matters that enabled us to manage our capital more efficiently. He also oversaw all of our human resource matters. More specifically, Mr. Michener:
| Developed and oversaw litigation strategy relating to our Puerto Rico exposure; |
| Was instrumental in achieving substantial confidential settlements in recovery litigation relating to triple-X insurance and residential mortgage-backed securities; |
| Was instrumental in enabling us to manage our capital more efficiently, including by obtaining the approval of our insurance regulators for AGM, AGC and MAC to repurchase $550 million in the aggregate of their common stock from their parents and for AGM, AGC and MAC to release contingency reserves into policyholders surplus, thereby increasing their dividend capacity; |
| Led the legal aspect of the consummation of our purchase of MBIA UK, including handling related personnel matters; |
| Helped negotiate and structure the agreement announced in February 2018 with Syncora Guarantee Inc. to reinsure, generally on a 100% quota share basis, substantially all of SGIs insured portfolio; |
| Developed and oversaw the beginning of the process of combining our four European insurance entities; and |
| Successfully transitioned the role of General Counsel to Ling Chow. |
Mr. Michener resigned as our General Counsel and Secretary, effective December 31, 2017, in accordance with the terms of a separation agreement described under Compensation Discussion and AnalysisSeparation Agreement. Mr. Michener remains employed by our Company in a non-executive officer position, serving as the Senior Advisor to the Chief Executive Officer of the Company.
Russell B. Brewer II, Chief Surveillance Officer
Mr. Brewer was responsible in the 2017 performance year for ensuring that all of our insured exposures are reviewed annually and assigned appropriate internal ratings, for managing loss mitigation strategies for our troubled credits, and for overseeing our information technology department. Mr. Brewer also manages our rating agency relationships. More specifically, Mr. Brewer:
| Led the surveillance process for our $265 billion net par insured portfolio and the timely review and update of internal ratings for our insured portfolio, helping to identify and intervene in deteriorating situations before losses developed to avoid losses altogether or mitigate them if they cannot be avoided; |
| Oversaw the smooth update of the software platform for our exposure systems while maintaining functionality; |
| Oversaw the successful defense of our systems from headline cyberattacks and our compliance with new cybersecurity regulations; |
| Developed and implemented strategies on a number of transactions where we are experiencing loss or could possibly experience loss; |
| Was active in our discussions with the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico and its advisors and was instrumental in helping the Company develop its approach to these credits; and |
| Led the smooth integration into our Company of surveillance oversight and information systems of the insured portfolio and financial information related to MBIA UK in connection with the consummation of the acquisition of MBIA UK. |
40
Bruce E. Stern, Executive Officer
Mr. Stern was responsible in the 2017 performance year for workouts of troubled transactions and the extraction of significant value from our insured portfolio and other relationships. Mr. Stern applied creative approaches to troubled transactions to mitigate losses. Mr. Stern is also responsible for governmental affairs and our participation in an industry group. More specifically, Mr. Stern:
| Was deeply involved in our efforts to mitigate losses in Puerto Rico, playing a particularly valuable role in advocating our viewpoint to various government officials; |
| Led our effort to purchase insured bonds of poorly performing credits for loss mitigation and risk remediation; |
| Led our effort to remove the insurance from insured bonds of poorly performing credits we had purchased and sell them into the market at opportune times; |
| Identified and implemented approaches to reshape our insured portfolio by purchasing insured bonds in the open market and procuring the termination of financial guaranty insurance executed in credit default swap form; and |
| Negotiated reassumption agreements with three reinsurers, resulting in aggregate commutation gains of $328 million. |
Compensation Decisions for the Other Named Executive Officers
In the case of the other named executive officers, for the 2017 performance year the Compensation Committee calculated and aggregated the weighted achievement scores for the financial performance goals (which were the same as Mr. Fredericos) and their non-financial objectives (which were a combination of their contribution to Mr. Fredericos non-financial objectives and their achievement of their own individual non-financial objectives), taking into account the level of difficulty of achieving particular goals or objectives. Based on their achievements, after applying the formula, the Compensation Committee awarded them the cash incentives calculated as shown in the table below.
(
|
2017 Salary
|
X
|
2017 Individual Target Incentive Multiple
|
)
|
X
|
(
|
Financial Achievement Score (weighted 67%)
|
+
|
Individual Financial Achievement (weighted 33%)
|
)
|
=
|
2017 Cash Incentive Payout
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Robert A. Bailenson |
$ | 625,000 | 2.00x | 83.8% | 54.0% | $ | 1,728,125 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
James M. Michener |
$ | 625,000 | 2.00x | 83.8% | 54.0% | $ | 1,728,125 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Russell B. Brewer II |
$ | 500,000 | 2.00x | 83.8% | 66.0% | $ | 1,498,000 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Bruce E. Stern |
$ | 470,000 | 2.00x | 83.8% | 33.0% | $ | 1,097,920 |
The Compensation Committee awarded all of the other named executive officers long-term incentive compensation in the form of performance share units and RSUs. The target nominal amount of long-term equity reflected the Compensation Committees desire that each of the other named executive officers have a strong incentive to help generate long-term, sustained growth for our Company. The amounts of performance share units and RSUs awarded to each other named executive officer vary by individual and are based on their respective positions and levels of responsibility, historic compensation levels and Cooks advice about the compensation practices of companies in our comparison group.
The Compensation Committee considered Cooks analysis of the compensation paid to executive officers in our comparison group when evaluating the compensation of our executive officers. According to Cook, for the 2016 performance year, which is the most recent data available, on average, the target total direct compensation for our named executive officers approximated the comparable median to 75th percentile amounts for the named executive officers of our comparison group, reflecting the experience, leadership, specialized skill sets and sustained performance of the senior executive team. Actual total direct compensation for the named executive officers as a group paid for the 2016 performance year was near the 75th percentile of our comparison group, reflecting our above target bonus payouts for 2016 performance, which were aligned with our 2016 performance relative to our key business goals and strategies, as well as our strong financial and total shareholder returns relative to our comparison group during that period. For the 2016 performance year our one-year growth in book value was the highest in our comparison group and our return on average equity as well as one-year growth in operating income were both above the 75th percentile of our comparison group, while one-year growth in net income and growth in diluted earnings per share approximated the median of our comparison group. Also for the 2016 performance year our one-year TSR was above the 75th percentile and our three-year TSR was the highest in our comparison group.
41
In summary, the Compensation Committee approved the following compensation decisions for the named executive officers other than Mr. Frederico for the 2017 performance year:
Robert A.
|
James M.
|
Russell B.
|
Bruce E.
|
|||||||||||||
Fixed CompensationBase Salary(1) |
$625,000 | $625,000 | $500,000 | $470,000 | ||||||||||||
Incentive Compensation |
||||||||||||||||
Cash Incentive Compensation |
$ | 1,728,125 | $ | 1,728,125 | $ | 1,498,000 | $ | 1,097,920 | ||||||||
Long-Term Performance-Based Equity and Time-Based Equity Target Values(2) |
$ | 1,500,000 | $ | 1,000,000 | $ | 1,100,000 | $ | 800,000 | ||||||||
Total Direct Compensation |
$ | 3,853,125 | $ | 3,353,125 | $ | 3,098,000 | $ | 2,367,920 |
(1) | These base salaries were set by the Compensation Committee in February 2017. |
(2) | For the executive officers other than Mr. Michener, half of the award consists of performance share units and the other half consists of RSUs. The U.S. GAAP values of the awards are: Mr. Bailenson, $1,791,111; Mr. Brewer, $1,313,465 and Mr. Stern, $955,293. In the case of Mr. Michener, the entire award consists of RSUs, with a U.S. GAAP value of $1,084,092. |
The Compensation Committee also decided to increase the base salaries of three of the named executive officers other than Mr. Frederico based on their increased roles and responsibilities.
| Mr. Bailensons base salary was increased to $700,000 in 2018 from $625,000 in 2017 in recognition of his expansion of his role beyond that of a typical chief financial officer, including his involvement evaluating and implementing acquisitions and alternative investments and overseeing the successful financial integration of our recent acquisitions. |
| Mr. Brewers base salary was increased to $525,000 in 2018 from $500,000 in 2017 in recognition of his accomplishments in overseeing our information technology function and his management of our surveillance function, including the successful integration of the information technology and surveillance aspects of our recent acquisitions, and his deep credit insight and advice and counsel in connection with our major loss mitigation initiatives, including Puerto Rico. |
| Mr. Sterns base salary was increased to $500,000 in 2018 from $470,000 in 2017 in recognition of his contributions to our strategic initiatives, including reinsurance reassumptions, and the active role he is playing in our loss mitigation activities, especially with regard to Puerto Rico. |
The Compensation Committee believed that it was critical for these three executive officers to remain highly motivated in 2018, especially in light of demands it anticipates will be made on them in connection with the consummation of the reinsurance transaction with SGI, continued focus on developments in Puerto Rico and potential additional alternative investment activity.
The 2018 base salary of Mr. Michener, who remains employed as the Senior Advisor to the Chief Executive Officer of our Company through December 31, 2018, like Mr. Fredericos 2018 base salary, remains the same as it was in 2017.
As further disclosed in our quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 20, 2017, Mr. Michener resigned as the General Counsel and Secretary and as an executive officer of AGL, effective December 31, 2017, in accordance with the terms of a separation agreement, which we refer to as the Separation Agreement, which he and the Company entered into on November 1, 2017. The Company entered into the Separation Agreement in recognition of Mr. Micheners successful years of service with the Company and to encourage him to work through December 31, 2018 in order to facilitate the transition of his duties to his successor, to advise the Company regarding ongoing litigation (including both litigation against, and litigation commenced by, the Company), and to have him otherwise remain available to consult on matters related to his experience with the Company. The Compensation Committee consulted with Cook and considered its advice with respect to the terms of the Separation Agreement with Mr. Michener.
Pursuant to the Separation Agreement, Mr. Michener remains employed by our Company in a non-executive officer position, serving as the Senior Advisor to the Chief Executive Officer of the Company, for a transition period, which we refer to as the Transition Period, that began on January 1, 2018 and ends upon his retirement on December 31, 2018, which we refer to as the Retirement Date. The Separation Agreement provides that if Mr. Michener remains employed though the Retirement Date, his base salary and cash and equity incentive opportunities during the Transition Period will be equal to his current base salary and cash and equity incentive opportunities. The portion of the 2018 incentive award amount, if any, attributable to an equity grant will be paid in cash, 50% in 2019 and the remaining 50% in 2020. If Mr. Michener remains employed though the Retirement Date, any unvested equity awards that he holds on the Retirement Date will vest in accordance with the terms of the original applicable award agreement for retirement. However, any previously granted cash and equity awards, including the performance share units granted to Mr. Michener in 2016 and 2017, that include Company or individual performance-based vesting conditions (e.g., the achievement of certain pre-established share price
42
targets) remain subject to satisfaction of such applicable performance conditions. The Separation Agreement addresses the timing of payments and distributions to Mr. Michener so that they remain exempt from or comply with the provisions of Sections 409A and 457A of the Internal Revenue Code. The Separation Agreement also contains covenants by Mr. Michener relating to protection of the Companys confidential information, cooperation, non-competition, non-solicitation and non-disparagement and other standard provisions, as well as a release of claims by Mr. Michener. Payments pursuant to the Separation Agreement are subject to forfeiture and/or clawback in the event of violation of such covenants.
EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION CONCLUSION
We made changes to our executive compensation program in early 2015 in response to shareholder engagement. For example, the Compensation Committees discretion with respect to the cash incentive was reduced and the link between pay and performance was enhanced. We received advisory shareholder approval of over 98% of the compensation we paid to our named executive officers in the three years since that time, and have not made any major changes to our executive compensation program since then.
The Compensation Committee believes that our executive compensation program rewards performance and motivates the officers to increase shareholder value, and that it is therefore appropriate and in the best interests of our Company and our shareholders. Our strategy requires exceptionally qualified and experienced management in senior financial guaranty executive, finance and legal positions, including personnel with skills and experience in reinsurance, acquisitions and corporate integration as well as asset management, and the ability to deal with adverse market conditions and take advantage of market opportunities. During this critical period in our Companys history, the Compensation Committee believes that retaining and motivating our executive officers and staff is essential, and that the various elements of total compensation have worked well to attract, retain and properly reward management for their performance.
PAYOUT UNDER PERFORMANCE RETENTION PLAN
The Performance Retention Plan, which we refer to as the PRP, had been utilized as a form of incentive compensation for the executive officers until 2015. Its focus on adjusted book value and operating return on equity over a multi-year performance period reduced the incentive to concentrate on short-term gain and fostered a long-term view that minimized unnecessary or excessive risk taking.
In response to shareholder feedback that we should simplify our executive compensation program and emphasize equity rather than cash for incentive compensation, the Compensation Committee stopped granting our executive officers new PRP awards beginning in 2015.
However, the executive officers did receive PRP awards in February 2014, the final installment of which vested on December 31, 2017, so each of the executive officers received a cash distribution in March 2018 resulting from those awards.
The principal amount of each PRP award is divided into three installments. The portion of principal associated with each installment and the performance period relating to such installment are set out in the terms of the award.
The award payment for each installment is the product of:
| Principal amount of award |
| Portion of principal associated with installment |
| 50% of the sum of 1 and the percentage change in the core ABV per share for the relevant performance period |
| 50% of the sum of 1 and the core operating ROE for the relevant performance period |
For the executive officers, no amount is payable if our core ABV per share has declined for the applicable performance period and if our core operating ROE is not at least 3% on average for each year in the applicable performance period. However, if, in a subsequent performance period, there is either positive growth in our core ABV per share or our core operating ROE is at least 3% on average for each year in the applicable performance period, each executive officer who remains employed at our Company will receive the recalculated payment.
The following table sets forth the calculation of the returns on the installment of the PRP award granted in February 2014 that vested on December 31, 2017:
Grant Date
|
Performance
|
Performance
|
Portion of
|
Percentage
|
Core
|
50% of
|
||||||||||||||||||
February 2014
|
|
January 1, 2014
|
|
|
December 31, 2017
|
|
|
50%
|
|
|
57%
|
|
|
43%
|
|
|
50%
|
|
43
The individual PRP payouts for amounts that vested on December 31, 2017 are set forth in footnote 2 to the Summary Compensation Table. Those PRP payouts were a function of decisions made by the Compensation Committee in February 2014 regarding the amount of PRP to award relating to the executive officers achievements during the 2013 performance years, as well as growth in core ABV per share and the core operating ROE during the relevant performance periods.
The strong growth in core ABV per share and the core operating ROE during the performance periods shown in the table above was driven in large part by achievements of our named executive officers during those performance periods. For example, the efficient management of capital, the various acquisitions, recoveries from our loss mitigation activities, gains on reassumptions of previously ceded business and the generation of PVP through the writing of new business each contributed to both the increase in core ABV per share and core operating ROE, while the core operating ROE was also impacted by terminations of insured transactions.
The Role of the Boards Compensation Committee
The Compensation Committee oversees all aspects of our executive compensation program. The Compensation Committee has responsibility for:
| Establishing executive compensation policies |
| Determining the compensation of our CEO |
| Reviewing our CEOs compensation recommendations regarding other senior officers and determining appropriate compensation for such officers |
Our Board has adopted a Compensation Committee Charter to govern the Compensation Committees activities. The charter, which may be found on our website at www.assuredguaranty.com/governance, is reviewed annually by the Compensation Committee. Under its charter, the Compensation Committee is authorized to retain compensation, legal, accounting and other expert consultants at our expense.
The Role of the Independent Consultant
For more than ten years, including in 2017, the Compensation Committee has engaged Cook as its independent compensation consultant and considered advice and information from that firm in determining the amount and form of compensation for the executive officers. As part of its engagement, Cook advised the Compensation Committee in 2014 and 2015 about the changes to the cash incentive portion of our executive compensation program. Every two years, the Nominating and Governance Committee also engages Cook to review the compensation package for the independent directors; Cook last undertook such a review in 2017. The Compensation Committee also consulted with Cook and considered its advice with respect to the terms of the Separation Agreement with Mr. Michener. Cook has not provided any additional consulting service to us beyond its role as consultant to the Compensation Committee and the Nominating and Governance Committee.
In 2017, Cooks work for the Compensation Committee included analyzing our compensation practices in light of best practices, providing compensation risk assessment, reviewing our comparison group of companies, collecting and providing relevant market data, reviewing data and analyses provided by other consultants, and updating the Compensation Committee with respect to evolving governance trends.
The Compensation Committee has considered the independence of Cook in light of SEC rules and NYSE listing standards. It has requested and received a letter from Cook in 2017 affirming factors relevant to assessing Cooks independence. The Compensation Committee discussed the content of the letter and concluded that Cooks work did not raise any independence or conflict of interest issues.
Executive Compensation Comparison Group
The Compensation Committee examines pay data for the following 12 companies to review pay practices, identify compensation trends, and benchmark its executive compensation decisions:
Ambac Financial Group
|
Eaton Vance
|
Radian Group
| ||
Arch Capital Group
|
Everest Re Group
|
RenaissanceRe Holdings
| ||
Aspen Insurance Holdings
|
MBIA
|
Validus
| ||
Axis Capital Holdings
|
MGIC Investment
|
White Mountains Insurance Group
|
The Compensation Committee has long recognized that the comparison group has limitations. Notably, the comparison group consists primarily of mortgage finance and casualty insurance and reinsurance companies. Despite the specialized nature of our business, our Compensation Committee looks for companies domiciled in Bermuda or with a similar size, business model and compensation mix to
44
ours. Although the factors the Compensation Committee considers for its compensation decisions and the level of compensation may differ from those for the comparison group, the Compensation Committee finds it useful to consider the pay practices at these companies.
In November 2017, Cook met with members of the Compensation Committee to review the comparison group from the prior year, and to discuss whether other companies should be considered for inclusion in the group. The Compensation Committee had added Ambac Financial Group to the comparison group the prior year, to replace Partner Re, which had been acquired earlier in the year. Cook advised the Compensation Committee that the current comparison group consists of companies that, like our Company, have a business model that involves underwriting risk, a holding company structure, and similar size as measured by revenues, assets and market capitalization. Since November 2016, Endurance Specialty and Allied World Assurance were acquired and therefore have been removed from the comparison group. Cook performed an independent review to determine whether to change or add to the remaining 12 companies in the comparison group, and ultimately concluded the remaining companies continue to be reasonable for competitive comparison purposes.
Cook advised the Compensation Committee that, as of September 30, 2017, our one-year TSR ranked in the 91st percentile of the current comparison group and our three-year TSR was the highest in the comparison group. Cook also informed the Compensation Committee that, as of September 30, 2017, our latest four quarters of revenue approximate the median of the current comparison group; our latest quarter of assets and market capitalization fall between the median and the 75th percentile; our net income is near the comparison groups high number; and the number of employees at our Company is below the 25th percentile.
Based on Cooks recommendation, the Compensation Committee agreed that the 12 companies listed above would continue to constitute the Companys comparison group for 2018.
Executive Officer Recoupment Policy
Our Board of Directors adopted a recoupment (or clawback) policy in February 2009 pursuant to which the Compensation Committee may rescind or recoup certain of the compensation of an executive officer if such person engages in misconduct related to a restatement of our financial results or of objectively quantifiable performance goals, and the achievement of those goals is later determined to have been overstated.
In connection with Rule 10D-1 proposed by the SEC, the Compensation Committee amended the recoupment policy in November 2015 so that it would apply, to the extent required by law, to incentive compensation received in the three year period before a determination that a material restatement is required. The amended recoupment policy allows the Company to recoup incentive compensation which is granted before the adoption and effectiveness of a final Rule 10D-1, but which may be subject to the three year look-back period of any such final rule.
To demonstrate our commitment to building shareholder value, the Board of Directors adopted management stock ownership guidelines. Our guidelines do not mandate a time frame by which this ownership must be attained, but each executive officer must retain 100% of his after-tax receipt of Company stock until he reaches his ownership goal. Please see Information About Our Common Share OwnershipHow Much Stock is Owned by Directors and Executive Officers for detailed information on the executive officers stock ownership.
The chart below shows the guideline for each of our named executive officers and each executives stock ownership as of March 8, 2018, the record date, using $34.49, the closing price of one of our Common Shares on the NYSE on such date.
Named Executive Officer
|
Guideline
|
Current Ownership
|
||||||
Dominic J. Frederico
|
|
7 × Salary
|
|
|
35.5 × Salary
|
| ||
Robert A. Bailenson
|
|
5 × Salary
|
|
|
9.0 × Salary
|
| ||
James M. Michener
|
|
5 × Salary
|
(1)
|
|
11.4 × Salary
|
(1)
| ||
Russell B. Brewer II
|
|
5 × Salary
|
|
|
8.3 × Salary
|
| ||
Bruce E. Stern
|
|
5 × Salary
|
|
|
7.5 × Salary
|
|
(1) | During 2017, Mr. Michener, as an executive officer of the Company, was subject to a stock ownership guideline of five times his base salary. The Separation Agreement specifies that during the Transition Period, Mr. Michener will be required to own AGL shares having a value equal to two times his base salary, which is the level applicable to certain managing directors, group heads and equivalent positions under the Companys stock ownership guidelines. |
45
These ownership levels include shares owned and, in the case of Mr. Bailenson, vested share units credited to his non-qualified retirement plan. Unvested RSUs, unvested performance share units and unexercised options do not count towards the guidelines. Some of the executive officers who have reached their share ownership goals have made gifts of shares to family or to charitable or educational institutions.
We adopted an anti-hedging policy in 2013 that explicitly prohibits employees and directors from hedging our Common Shares.
Our stock trading policy prohibits employees and directors from pledging our Common Shares without approval of both our General Counsel and the Nominating and Governance Committee. There have been no such transactions to date.
The Compensation Committee meets during our February board meeting to make executive compensation decisions with respect to the previous years performance and to make its compensation recommendations to the other directors. After consulting with the Board, the Compensation Committee approves executive officer salary increases (if any), cash incentive compensation, and equity awards. Payments under existing PRP awards (if any) and cash incentives are not paid until after we file our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the previous calendar year with the SEC.
We maintain tax-qualified and non-qualified defined contribution retirement plans for our executive officers and other eligible employees. We do not maintain any defined benefit pension plans. The Compensation Committee and our management believe that it is important to provide retirement benefits to employees who reach retirement in order to attract and retain key employees. All retirement benefits are more fully described under Potential Payments Upon Termination or Change in Control.
Benefit Under Defined Contribution Plans
|
Description
| |
Core contribution |
We contribute 6% of each employees salary and cash bonus compensation, which we refer to as eligible compensation | |
Company match |
We match 100% of each employees contribution, up to 6% of eligible compensation |
Under our severance policy for executive officers, following the executives involuntary termination without cause or voluntary termination for good reason and subject to the executive signing a release of claims, the executive will receive a lump-sum payment in an amount equal to one years salary plus his average cash incentive amount over the preceding three-year period, plus a pro-rata annual cash incentive amount for the year of termination and an amount equal to one year of medical and dental premiums. The executive officers receipt of severance benefits is subject to his compliance with non-competition, non-solicitation, and confidentiality restrictions during his employment and for a period of one year following termination of employment. We, in our discretion, may choose to pay one year of base salary to an executive who terminates employment for a reason other than involuntary termination without cause or voluntary termination for good reason, in which case the executive will also be subject to non-competition, non-solicitation, and confidentiality restrictions following his termination of employment. In accordance with his Separation Agreement, Mr. Michener will
remain eligible for our severance policy for any termination prior to the Retirement Date specified in such agreement.
We provide change in control benefits to encourage executives to consider the best interests of shareholders by mitigating any concerns about their own personal financial well-being in the face of a change in control of our Company. Based on shareholder input and changing market trends, since 2011, in the event of a change in control:
| Long-term incentive awards will vest only upon certain terminations of employment following a change in control (double-trigger) |
| Such awards will vest upon a change in control (single-trigger) if the acquirer does not assume the awards |
| We do not provide excise tax reimbursements and gross-up payments in the case of a change in control |
Detailed information is provided under Potential Payments Upon Termination or Change in Control.
46
Section 162(m) of the Internal Revenue Code limits the deductibility of annual compensation in excess of $1 million paid to covered employees of the Company, unless the compensation satisfied an exception, such as the exception for performance-based compensation. Performance-based compensation generally includes only payments that are contingent on achievement of performance objectives, and excludes fixed or guaranteed payments. On December 22, 2017, the 2017 Tax Act was enacted, which, among other things, repealed the performance-based compensation exception and expanded the definition of covered employee. The changes to Section 162(m) are effective for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017. The 2017 Tax Act includes a transition rule so that these changes do not apply to compensation paid pursuant to a binding written contract that was in effect on November 2, 2017 and that was not materially modified on or after such date.
Because of the performance-based compensation exception repeal, amounts paid pursuant to a contract effective after November 2, 2017 will not be deductible as performance-based compensation, and the Compensation Committee will not need to consider the requirements of the performance-based compensation exception when considering the design of any such future contracts as part of our compensation program. For amounts paid under contracts in effect on November 2, 2017 that were intended to constitute performance-based compensation, the Compensation Committee will continue to consider the performance-based compensation exception when making determinations of performance under those contracts.
The 2017 Tax Act also expands the definition of covered employee. For 2017, our covered employees included our CEO and other named executive officers (but not the chief financial officer) who were executive officers as of the last day of our fiscal year. For 2018 and thereafter, our covered employees will generally include anyone who (i) was our CEO or chief financial officer at any time during the year, (ii) was one of the other named executive officers who was an executive officer as of the last day of the fiscal year, and (iii) was a covered employee for any previous year after 2016.
As with prior years, although the Compensation Committee will consider deductibility under Section 162(m) with respect to the compensation arrangements for executive officers, deductibility will not be the sole factor used in determining appropriate levels or methods of compensation. The Compensation Committee considers many factors when designing its compensation arrangements in addition to the deductibility of the compensation, and maintains the flexibility to grant awards or pay compensation amounts that are non-deductible if they believe it is in the best interest of our Company and our shareholders.
In addition, Section 409A of the Internal Revenue Code imposes restrictions on nonqualified deferred compensation plans. We maintain deferred compensation plans for the benefit of our employees, including nonqualified deferred compensation plans that provide for employee and employer contributions in excess of the IRS defined contribution plan limits. The deferred compensation plans we maintain are intended to be exempt from the requirements of Section 409A or, if not exempt, to satisfy the requirements of Section 409A, and we have reviewed and, where appropriate, have amended each of our deferred compensation plans to meet the requirements.
Finally, Section 457A of the Internal Revenue Code imposes restrictions on nonqualified deferred compensation plans maintained by a nonqualified entity (which generally includes an entity in a jurisdiction that is not subject to U.S. income tax or a comprehensive foreign income tax). The deferred compensation plans we maintain are intended to be exempt from the requirements of Section 457A for benefits accrued or awards granted on or after January 1, 2009 (the effective date of Section 457A). Also, we had amended certain deferred compensation plans in which benefits were accrued or awards granted prior to January 1, 2009 to provide that such benefits would be distributed in a single lump-sum payment in January 2017 (to the extent not previously distributed) to satisfy the requirements of Section 457A, and such benefits were distributed on January 6, 2017.
This proxy statement references financial measures that are not determined in accordance with U.S. GAAP, and are identified as core, operating, PVP or non-GAAP. Although these non-GAAP financial measures should not be considered substitutes for U.S. GAAP measures, our management and Board consider them important performance indicators and have employed them as well as other factors in determining senior management incentive compensation.
We referenced in the Managements Discussion and Analysis in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 certain of the non-GAAP financial measures we use in this proxy statement. The definitions for those non-GAAP financial measures, which are listed below, and how they may be calculated from the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures, may be found on pages 92 to 96 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017.
| non-GAAP operating income |
| non-GAAP operating shareholders equity |
| non-GAAP adjusted book value (ABV) |
| PVP or present value of new business production |
47
This proxy also references certain non-GAAP financial measures, which are identified as core, that our management and Board also consider important performance indicators and have employed, as well as other factors, in determining senior management incentive compensation. These core measures, and how they are calculated from our GAAP financial statements, are as follows:
| Core operating income per diluted share. After making the adjustments to net income described on pages 92 to 93 of the Companys Annual Report on Form 10-K, Managements Discussion and Analysis, Non-GAAP Financial Measures to arrive at non-GAAP operating income, the Company subtracts the gain (or loss) related to FG VIE consolidation, net of the tax provision, also disclosed in such section of the Form 10-K, and to calculate the per diluted share amount divides the result by the weighted average diluted Common Shares during the period. |
| Core operating shareholders equity per share. After making the adjustments to shareholders equity described on pages 93 to 95 of the Companys Annual Report on Form 10-K, Managements Discussion and Analysis, Non-GAAP Financial Measures to arrive at non-GAAP operating shareholders equity, the Company subtracts the gain (or loss) related to FG VIE consolidation, net of the tax provision, also disclosed in such section of the Form 10-K, and to calculate the per share amount divides by the number of Common Shares outstanding. |
| Core ABV. After making the adjustments to shareholders equity described on pages 93 to 95 of the Companys Annual Report on Form 10-K, Managements Discussion and Analysis, Non-GAAP Financial Measures to arrive at non-GAAP adjusted book value (ABV), the Company subtracts the gain (or loss) related to FG VIE consolidation, net of the tax provision, also disclosed in such section of the Form 10-K, and to calculate the per share amount divides by the number of Common Shares outstanding. |
| Core operating ROE. Core operating ROE is calculated as core operating income divided by the average of core operating shareholders equity at the beginning and end of the period. |
48
The Compensation Committee has reviewed and discussed the Compensation Discussion and Analysis contained in this proxy statement with management and, based on such review and discussion, the Compensation Committee recommended to the Board of Directors that the Compensation Discussion and Analysis be included in our Companys Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 and this proxy statement. The foregoing report has been approved by the Compensation Committee.
Patrick W. Kenny, Chairman
G. Lawrence Buhl
Simon W. Leathes
49
2017 SUMMARY COMPENSATION TABLE
The following table provides compensation information for 2017, 2016 and 2015 for our named executive officers.
Name
and Principal
|
Year
|
Salary
|
Stock Awards(1)
|
Non-Equity Incentive Plan Compen- sation(2)
|
All Other Compen- sation(3)
|
Total
|
||||||||||||||||||
Dominic J. Frederico, |
|
2017 |
|
|
$1,250,000 |
|
|
$6,588,270 |
|
|
$4,862,500 |
|
|
$826,014 |
|
|
$13,526,784 |
| ||||||
President and Chief |
2016 | $1,150,000 | $5,090,589 | $5,717,851 | $768,875 | $12,727,315 | ||||||||||||||||||
Executive Officer
|
|
2015
|
|
|
$1,150,000
|
|
|
$4,708,445
|
|
|
$5,609,813
|
|
|
$711,731
|
|
|
$12,179,989
|
| ||||||
Robert A. Bailenson, |
|
2017 |
|
|
$625,000 |
|
|
$1,557,236 |
|
|
$1,953,125 |
|
|
$286,085 |
|
|
$4,421,446 |
| ||||||
Chief Financial |
2016 | $600,000 | $1,119,915 | $2,207,475 | $230,530 | $4,157,920 | ||||||||||||||||||
Officer
|
|
2015
|
|
|
$550,000
|
|
|
$1,046,351
|
|
|
$1,920,375
|
|
|
$191,279
|
|
|
$3,708,005
|
| ||||||
James M. Michener, |
|
2017
|
|
|
$625,000 |
|
|
$1,197,815 |
|
|
$1,964,375 |
|
|
$505,545 |
|
|
$4,292,735 |
| ||||||
General Counsel |
2016 | $600,000 | $1,018,118 | $2,355,089 | $487,858 | $4,461,065 | ||||||||||||||||||
|
2015
|
|
|
$550,000
|
|
|
$941,700
|
|
|
$2,338,881
|
|
|
$443,359
|
|
|
$4,273,940
|
| |||||||
Russell B. Brewer II, |
|
2017 |
|
$500,000 |
|
$1,317,654 |
|
$1,734,250 |
|
$253,803 |
|
|
$3,805,707 |
| ||||||||||
Chief Surveillance |
2016 | $450,000 | $1,119,915 | $1,762,939 | $223,481 | $3,556,335 | ||||||||||||||||||
Officer
|
|
2015
|
|
|
$400,000
|
|
|
$941,700
|
|
|
$1,784,931
|
|
|
$191,288
|
|
|
$3,317,919
|
| ||||||
Bruce E. Stern, |
|
2017 |
|
|
$470,000 |
|
|
$838,490 |
|
|
$1,255,420 |
|
|
$192,864 |
|
|
$2,756,774 |
| ||||||
Executive Officer |
2016 | $450,000 | $712,678 | $1,274,087 | $184,236 | $2,621,001 | ||||||||||||||||||
|
2015
|
|
|
$400,000
|
|
|
$627,800
|
|
|
$1,259,694
|
|
|
$139,415
|
|
|
$2,426,909
|
|
(1) | This column represents the grant date value of performance share unit awards and restricted share unit awards granted in 2017, 2016 and 2015 for 2016, 2015 and 2014 performance, respectively. |
(2) | This column represents cash incentive compensation for 2017, 2016 and 2015 paid in 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively and the vesting date value of awards under our Performance Retention Plan (PRP) granted in 2014, 2013 and 2012 that vested on December 31 of 2017, 2016 and 2015 and were paid in March 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively, as further described in the table below. As discussed in Compensation Discussion and AnalysisPayout Under Performance Retention Plan above, beginning in February 2015, the executive officers no longer receive grants of PRP awards. The last PRP award to the executive officers was granted in February 2014 for the 2013 performance year and the last installment of that award vested on December 31, 2017. |
D. Frederico
|
R. Bailenson
|
J. Michener
|
R. Brewer
|
B. Stern
|
||||||||||||||||
2017 Cash Incentive Compensation
|
|
$4,525,000
|
|
|
$1,728,125
|
|
|
$1,728,125
|
|
|
$1,498,000
|
|
|
$1,097,920
|
| |||||
2017 PRP Payout
|
|
$337,500
|
|
|
$225,000
|
|
|
$236,250
|
|
|
$236,250
|
|
|
$157,500
|
| |||||
Total
|
|
$4,862,500
|
|
|
$1,953,125
|
|
|
$1,964,375
|
|
|
$1,734,250
|
|
|
$1,255,420
|
|
(3) | All Other Compensation for 2017 consists of the benefits set forth in the table below. Contributions to defined contribution retirement plans include contributions with respect to salary and cash incentive compensation. The Miscellaneous category within All Other Compensation includes Bermuda club fees, Bermuda health insurance, gym fees, and executive physicals. |
D. Frederico
|
R. Bailenson
|
J. Michener
|
R. Brewer
|
B. Stern
|
||||||||||||||||
Employer Contribution to Retirement Plans
|
|
$689,753
|
|
|
$276,528
|
|
|
$276,528
|
|
|
$207,582
|
|
|
$173,060
|
| |||||
Bermuda Housing Allowance
|
|
$23,688
|
|
|
|
|
|
$132,000
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||||
Bermuda Car Allowance
|
|
$20,000
|
|
|
|
|
|
$15,000
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||||
Bermuda Travel Allowance
|
|
$15,000
|
|
|
|
|
|
$15,000
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||||
Tax Preparation/Financial Planning
|
|
$32,732
|
|
|
$1,100
|
|
|
$28,458
|
|
|
$20,465
|
|
|
|
| |||||
Matching Gift Donations
|
|
$15,000
|
|
|
|
|
|
$15,000
|
|
|
$15,000
|
|
|
$8,300
|
| |||||
Business-Related Spousal Travel
|
|
$8,054
|
|
|
$7,757
|
|
|
$13,359
|
|
|
$4,571
|
|
|
$1,263
|
| |||||
Miscellaneous
|
|
$21,787
|
|
|
$700 |
|
|
$10,200
|
|
|
$6,185
|
|
|
$10,241
|
| |||||
Total
|
|
$826,014
|
|
|
$286,085
|
|
|
$505,545
|
|
|
$253,803
|
|
|
$192,864
|
|
50
None of our named executive officers currently have any employment agreements with the Company. See Compensation Disclosure and AnalysisSeparation Agreement for a description of Mr. Micheners Separation Agreement.
Our Company has established a perquisite policy pursuant to which we provide executive officers certain perquisites that are not available to employees generally. We believe that perquisites we provide to our named executive officers meet certain business objectives and that the benefit our Company receives from providing these perquisites significantly outweighs the cost of providing them. We feel these perquisites minimize distractions to our named executive officers, thereby enabling them to perform their responsibilities more efficiently. These include tax preparation, financial planning, annual executive medical exams and, for our executive officers located in Bermuda, housing and car allowances, Bermuda club memberships, and family travel stipend. We provide tax preparation and financial planning services to maximize the value of Company-provided compensation and to assist our named executive officers with tax compliance in various jurisdictions, especially since some of our named executive officers fulfill their responsibilities to the Company by working outside their home country for a portion of their time. In light of the challenges of the Bermuda market, including travel to and from the island, and the cost of living and maintaining a residence, the Bermuda perquisites are consistent with competitive practices in the Bermuda market and have been necessary for recruitment and retention purposes. Any of these perquisites may be modified by the Compensation Committee without the consent of the executive officers.
In determining the total compensation payable to our named executive officers, the Compensation Committee considers perquisites in the context of the total compensation which our named executive officers are eligible to receive. However, given the fact that perquisites represent a relatively small portion of the executives total compensation, the availability of these perquisites does not materially influence the decisions made by the Compensation Committee with respect to other elements of the total compensation to which our named executive officers are entitled to or which they are awarded.
Our Company has adopted a severance policy for executive officers. For further detail, see the discussion in Compensation Discussion and AnalysisPost-Employment CompensationSeverance and Potential Payments Upon Termination or Change of ControlChange-in-Control Severance. A severance policy enables us to attract and retain top candidates for our executive positions and enables us to have good relations with those executives.
We maintain a broad based employee stock purchase plan that gives our eligible employees the right to purchase our Common Shares through payroll deductions at a purchase price that reflects a 15% discount to the market price of our Common Shares on the first or last day of the relevant subscription period, whichever is lower. No participant may purchase more than $25,000 worth of Common Shares under this plan in any calendar year. In 2017, Mr. Frederico, Mr. Stern and another executive officer participated in the employee stock purchase plan to the maximum extent possible.
We enter into indemnification agreements with our directors and executive officers. These agreements are in furtherance of our Bye-Laws which require us to indemnify our directors and officers for acts done, concurred in or omitted in or about the execution of their duties in their respective offices.
| The indemnification agreements provide for indemnification arising out of specified indemnifiable events, such as events relating to the fact that the indemnitee is or was one of our directors or officers or is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of another entity at our request or relating to anything done or not done by the indemnitee in such a capacity. |
| The indemnification agreements provide for advancement of expenses. |
| These agreements provide for mandatory indemnification to the extent an indemnitee is successful on the merits. To the extent that indemnification is unavailable, the agreements provide for contribution. |
| The indemnification agreements set forth procedures relating to indemnification claims. |
| The agreements also provide for maintenance of directors and officers liability insurance. |
51
2017 GRANTS OF PLAN-BASED AWARDS
The following table sets forth information concerning grants of plan-based awards for our named executive officers made during 2017.
Estimated Future Payouts Under Non-Equity Incentive Plan Awards |
Estimated Future Payouts Under Equity Incentive Plan Awards |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Name |
Grant Date | Target | Maximum | Threshold | Target | Maximum |
|
All Other Stock Awards: Number of Shares
of |
|
|
Grant Date Fair Value of Stock and Option Awards(4) |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Dominic J. Frederico |
Feb. 22, 2017(1) | $3,125,000 | $6,250,000 | | | | | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Feb. 22, 2017(2) | | | 34,635 | 69,270 | 138,540 | | $3,722,570 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Feb. 22, 2017(3) | | | | | | 69,270 | $2,865,700 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Robert A. Bailenson |
Feb. 22, 2017(1) | $1,250,000 | $2,500,000 | | | | | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Feb. 22, 2017(2) | | | 8,187 | 16,373 | 32,746 | | $879,885 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Feb. 22, 2017(3) | | | | | | 16,373 | $677,351 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
James M. Michener |
Feb. 22, 2017(1) | $1,250,000 | $2,500,000 | | | | | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Feb. 22, 2017(2) | | | 6,297 | 12,594 | 25,188 | | $676,802 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Feb. 22, 2017(3) | | | | | | 12,594 | $521,014 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Russell B. Brewer II |
Feb. 22, 2017(1) | $1,000,000 | $2,000,000 | | | | | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Feb. 22, 2017(2) | | | 6,927 | 13,854 | 27,708 | | $744,514 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Feb. 22, 2017(3) | | | | | | 13,854 | $573,140 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Bruce E. Stern |
Feb. 22, 2017(1) | $940,000 | $1,880,000 | | | | | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Feb. 22, 2017(2) | | | 4,408 | 8,816 | 17,632 | | $473,772 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Feb. 22, 2017(3) | | | | | | 8,816 | $364,718 |
(1) | Represents a grant of a non-equity incentive compensation award. As described in Compensation Discussion and AnalysisExecutive Compensation Program Structure and ProcessComponents of Our Executive Compensation ProgramCash Incentive Compensation, the Compensation Committee uses a two-step process for granting and paying annual non-equity incentive compensation awards to executive officers. On the February 22, 2017 grant date, the Compensation Committee granted such non-equity incentive compensation awards to the executive officers pursuant to the LTIP with such awards subject to the satisfaction of a performance goal related to certain performance metrics of the Company. Assuming that such performance goal was met, the second step consists of the Compensation Committee using negative discretion to determine the actual amount of the cash payment. On the grant date, the Compensation Committee adopted the target and maximum payment amounts listed in the table above for any payments pursuant to such awards, as well as a formula for using negative discretion to determine the actual amount of payment. Following certification that the adjusted income goal was met and the application of the formula to each of the executive officers, the Compensation Committee approved the payments described in the Summary Compensation Table for payment of such non-equity incentive compensation awards. |
(2) | Represents a performance share unit award. The performance share units will vest at the end of a three-year vesting period based on the highest 40-day average share price during the last eighteen months of such period and continued employment through the end of the applicable three-year period, with limited exceptions. The number of performance share units listed in the Threshold column represents the number of performance share units which shall become vested based on achievement of 50% of the performance target (a 40-day average share price of $42 during the last eighteen months of the performance period); the number of performance share units listed in the Target column represents the number of performance share units which shall become vested based on achievement of 100% of the performance target (a 40-day average share price of $46 during the last eighteen months of the performance period); and the number of performance share units listed in the Maximum column represents the number of performance share units which shall become vested based on achievement of 200% of the performance target (a 40-day average share price of $50 during the last eighteen months of the performance period). If at least 50% of the performance target is not achieved during the performance period, all of the performance share units will be forfeited. |
(3) | Represents a time-based RSU award. Restrictions lapse on the third anniversary of the grant date of the award, subject to continued employment, with limited exceptions. |
(4) | This column discloses the aggregate grant date fair market value computed in accordance with U.S. GAAP, which is $53.74 per target share for performance share units and $41.37 per share for RSUs. For the assumptions used in the valuation, see note 19 to our consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017. |
52
The following table sets forth the outstanding equity awards held by our named executive officers as of December 31, 2017.
Option Awards | Stock Awards | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Name |
Number of Securities Underlying Unexercised Options Exercisable |
Option Exercise Price (per share) |
Option Expiration Date |
Number of Shares or Units of Stock That Have Not Vested |
Market Value of Shares or Units of Stock That Have Not Vested |
Equity Incentive Plan Awards: Number of Unearned Shares, Units or Other Rights That Have Not Vested |
Equity Incentive Plan Awards: Market or Payout Value of Unearned Shares, Units or Other Rights That Have Not Vested |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dominic J. |
200,000 | $23.27 | 2/14/2018 | | | | | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Frederico |
100,000 | $7.44 | 2/5/2019 | | | | | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
100,000 | $19.79 | 2/24/2020 | | | | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
112,055 | $17.44 | 2/9/2019 | | | | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| | | 87,959 | (1) | $2,979,171 | | | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| | | 175,918 | (2) | $5,958,343 | | | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| | | 102,965 | (3) | $3,487,425 | | | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| | | 205,930 | (4) | $6,974,849 | | | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| | | 69,270 | (5) | $2,346,175 | | | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| | | | | 34,635 | (6) | $1,173,087 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Robert A. |
10,000 | $7.44 | 2/5/2019 | | | | | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Bailenson |
20,000 | $19.79 | 2/24/2020 | | | | | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
6,723 | $17.44 | 2/9/2019 | | | | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
6,835 | $19.24 | 2/7/2020 | | | | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| | | 19,547 | (1) | $662,057 | | | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| | | 39,094 | (2) | $1,324,114 | | | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| | | 22,652 | (3) | $767,223 | | | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| | | 45,304 | (4) | $1,534,446 | | | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| | | 16,373 | (5) | $554,554 | | | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| | | | | 8,187 | (6) | $277,294 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
James M. |
| | | 17,592 | (1) | $595,841 | | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Michener |
| | | 35,184 | (2) | $1,191,682 | | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| | | 20,593 | (3) | $697,485 | | | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| | | 41,186 | (4) | $1,394,970 | | | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| | | 12,594 | (5) | $426,559 | | | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| | | | | 6,297 | (6) | $213,279 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Russell B. |
10,000 | $19.79 | 2/24/2020 | | | | | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Brewer II |
8,964 | $17.44 | 2/9/2019 | | | | | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
10,398 | $19.24 | 2/7/2020 | | | | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| | | 17,592 | (1) | $595,841 | | | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| | | 35,184 | (2) | $1,191,682 | | | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| | | 22,652 | (3) | $767,223 | | | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| | | 45,304 | (4) | $1,534,446 | | | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| | | 13,854 | (5) | $469,235 | | | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| | | | | 6,927 | (6) | $234,617 |
53
Option Awards | Stock Awards | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Name |
Number of Securities Underlying Unexercised Options Exercisable |
Option Exercise Price (per share) |
Option Expiration Date |
Number of Shares or Units of Stock That Have Not Vested |
Market Value of Shares or Units of Stock That Have Not Vested |
Equity Incentive Plan Awards: Number of Unearned Shares, Units or Other Rights That Have Not Vested |
Equity Incentiv |